阅读说明：本技术 一种防控条斑紫菜黄斑病的方法 (Method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis yellow spot ) 是由 钟志海 刘正一 庄龙传 秦松 宋宛霖 王寅初 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于条斑紫菜育苗病害防控技术领域,特别涉及一种防控条斑紫菜黄斑病的方法。在条斑紫菜培育生长过程中,通过对育苗车间消毒,对培育紫菜贝壳丝状体的育苗海水进行处理,对育苗贝壳进行清洁处理,同时在紫菜的整个生长周期内进行合理的管理,进而实现对黄斑病的防控。本发明通过特定的防治方法对紫菜的培育场所进行消毒,再对育苗所用海水进行处理,并对育苗贝壳进行清洁处理,同时在整个紫菜整个生长周期内进行管理,有效的防控了黄斑病的发生。本发明根据条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体和黄斑病的生物学特点,确定在贝壳丝状体的培育阶段,根据每个阶段的特点采取不同的处理方法,并结合高温期的有效管理,最终完成对黄斑病的防控。(The invention belongs to the technical field of disease control of porphyra yezoensis seedling, and particularly relates to a method for controlling porphyra yezoensis yellow spot. In the process of cultivating and growing porphyra yezoensis, the seedling-growing seawater for cultivating the protonema of the laver shell is treated by disinfecting a seedling-growing workshop, the seedling-growing shell is cleaned, and reasonable management is carried out in the whole growth period of the porphyra yezoensis, so that the prevention and control of the maculopathy are realized. According to the invention, the cultivation place of the laver is disinfected through a specific control method, then the seawater used for seedling cultivation is treated, the seedling cultivation shells are cleaned, and meanwhile, the management is carried out in the whole growth period of the laver, so that the occurrence of the maculopathy is effectively prevented and controlled. According to the biological characteristics of the shell protonema and the maculopathy of the porphyra yezoensis, the invention determines the cultivation stage of the shell protonema, adopts different treatment methods according to the characteristics of each stage, and combines the effective management of a high-temperature period to finally complete the prevention and control of the maculopathy.)

1. A method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis yellow spot disease is characterized in that,

in the process of cultivating and growing porphyra yezoensis, the seedling-growing seawater for cultivating the protonema of the laver shell is treated by disinfecting a seedling-growing workshop, the seedling-growing shell is cleaned, and reasonable management is carried out in the whole growth period of the porphyra yezoensis, so that the prevention and control of the maculopathy are realized.

2. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 1,

before seedling raising, sterilizing a seedling raising workshop, carrying out dark precipitation on seedling raising seawater, cleaning seedling raising shells before seedling distribution, placing the treated shells in a seedling pool, and sterilizing in the whole seedling raising period of laver shell protonema, thereby realizing prevention and control of maculopathy.

3. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 2,

in the whole growth period, when the water temperature reaches 27-29 ℃, sterilizing the seedling seawater by using chlorine dioxide;

or in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, the seedling raising pool is disinfected by potassium permanganate after the shells are washed each time.

4. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 3,

in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, the seedling raising pool is disinfected by potassium permanganate after washing shells each time, then the seedling raising seawater is disinfected by chlorine dioxide, ventilation is carried out during seedling raising, and the temperature of the seedling raising seawater is controlled to be 27-29 ℃;

or in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, the seedling raising pool is disinfected by potassium permanganate after the shells are washed each time.

5. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 4,

in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, washing the shells once every 15-20 days, and disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after washing each time.

6. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 4,

when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, washing the shells once every 15-20 days, disinfecting the seedling culture pond by using potassium permanganate after each washing, and then disinfecting the seedling culture seawater by using chlorine dioxide after washing the shells for 10 days.

7. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to any one of claims 3 to 5,

washing diatom, sludge and the like on the shells, and soaking the shells in fresh water for 24-36 hours before washing the shells;

when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, the specific gravity of the seedling culture seawater is controlled to be 1.018-1.025;

when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, the specific gravity of the seedling culture seawater is controlled to be 1.013-1.015;

the concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2.5ppm of available chlorine, the concentration of potassium permanganate is 500-1000ppm, and the disinfection time is 15-20 minutes.

8. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 2,

before seedling raising, uniformly spreading the disinfectant in a pool, and soaking with fresh water, wherein the water depth is kept to be 3-5cm, and the soaking time is 5-7 days; the disinfectant is bleaching powder, and the dosage is 0.16-0.2kg/m²。

9. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 2, wherein the seawater for seedling cultivation needs to be precipitated in dark for 15-20 days, and the specific gravity of the seawater for seedling cultivation is 1.015-1.025.

10. The method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis maculopathy according to claim 2, wherein the shells before seedling distribution are fully soaked in fresh water for 25-30 days, washed, soaked in fresh water for 24-48 hours, and dried for standby.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of disease control of porphyra yezoensis seedling, and particularly relates to a method for controlling porphyra yezoensis yellow spot.

Background

At present, due to the change of climate, frequent extreme climate, high temperature of seawater in high temperature season, and the reduction of seawater quality, the method brings serious challenge to the seedling culture of the porphyra yezoensis. The requirement of the porphyra yezoensis shell protonema on temperature is strict, the growth of the porphyra yezoensis shell protonema can be seriously inhibited at a high temperature for a long time, and diseases are bred, wherein the maculopathy is a disease with great harm; once the shell protonema is infected with diseases, the whole seedling raising pool and even the whole seedling raising field are possibly infected with diseases all at night due to strong infectivity of the shell protonema, so that a large amount of shell protonema is dead, the yield and quality of seedling raising are finally reduced, the production requirement cannot be met, and serious economic loss is brought to the laver culture industry.

At the present stage, methods such as fresh water soaking and seawater dark sedimentation are mainly used for preventing and controlling the maculopathy, the treatment of shell protonema and cultivation seawater is mostly concentrated, the treatment of a seedling raising pool is neglected, and the maculopathy is frequently generated particularly in high-temperature seasons and when the maculopathy is frequently generated, as a result, the maculopathy is generated. The prevention and control of the maculopathy require a set of complete prevention and control technology, and each link is closely matched, so that the occurrence of the maculopathy can be avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling porphyra yezoensis yellow spot.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for preventing and controlling yellow spot disease of porphyra yezoensis is characterized in that in the process of cultivating and growing porphyra yezoensis shell protonema, a seedling cultivating workshop is disinfected, seedling cultivating seawater for cultivating porphyra yezoensis shell protonema is treated, seedling cultivating shells are cleaned, reasonable management is carried out in the whole growth period of the porphyra yezoensis, and then the yellow spot disease is prevented and controlled.

Further, it is said that

Before seedling raising, a seedling raising workshop is disinfected, seedling raising seawater is subjected to dark precipitation, then seedling raising shells are cleaned before seedling distribution and are placed in a seedling pool after treatment, and in the whole growth period of laver shell protonema, places or sources where maculopathy possibly occurs are disinfected in time, and reasonable management is combined, so that prevention and control of the maculopathy are realized.

In the whole growth period, when the water temperature reaches 27-29 ℃, the seedling seawater is disinfected by using chlorine dioxide regularly;

or, in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, periodically washing the shells, and disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after washing the shells each time.

In the whole growth period, when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, periodically washing shells, disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after washing the shells each time, then disinfecting the seedling raising seawater by using chlorine dioxide, ventilating during seedling raising, and controlling the temperature of the seedling raising seawater to be 27-29 ℃;

or, in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, periodically washing the shells, and disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after washing the shells each time;

in the whole growth period, when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, washing the shells once every 15-20 days, and disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after washing each time;

when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, washing the shells once every 15-20 days, disinfecting the seedling raising pool by using potassium permanganate after each washing, and then disinfecting the seedling raising seawater by using chlorine dioxide after washing the shells for 10 days.

The diatom, the sludge and the like on the shells are washed, and the shells are soaked in fresh water for 24 to 36 hours before being washed;

when the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, the specific gravity of the seedling culture seawater is controlled to be 1.018-1.025;

when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, the specific gravity of the seedling culture seawater is controlled to be 1.013-1.015;

the concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2.5ppm of available chlorine, the concentration of potassium permanganate is 500-1000ppm, and the disinfection time is 15-20 minutes.

The potassium permanganate is mainly used for disinfecting the seedling raising pond, the price is relatively low, no harm is caused to human bodies, and the operation is convenient; the chlorine dioxide is mainly used for sterilizing seawater used for seedling culture, has short reaction time, is dissolved in water, depends on dissolved effective chlorine to prevent and control the maculopathy, and does not leave residues in the seawater.

The potassium permanganate in a specific concentration range can effectively disinfect the seedling raising pool, waste can be caused due to overhigh concentration of the potassium permanganate, the washing is troublesome, the concentration is too low, the effect is not obvious, the acting time is long, and inconvenience can be caused for subsequent work; the seawater used for culturing the seedlings can be effectively disinfected by using the chlorine dioxide with a specific concentration range, the laver shell filament body can be damaged by excessively high concentration of the chlorine dioxide, and the laver shell filament body cannot play a role by excessively low concentration.

Before the seedling culture, uniformly spreading the disinfectant in the pool, and soaking with fresh water, wherein the water depth is kept to be 3-5cm, and the soaking time is 5-7 days; the disinfectant is bleaching powder, and the dosage is 0.16-0.2kg/m 2.

The seedling culture seawater needs to be subjected to dark precipitation for 15-20 days, and the specific gravity of the seawater used for seedling culture is 1.015-1.025.

Soaking the shell in fresh water for 25-30 days, washing, soaking in fresh water for 24-48 hr, and sun drying.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1) the invention selects specific disinfectant and determines specific concentration range, thereby avoiding the occurrence of maculopathy.

2) According to the invention, the cultivation place of the laver is disinfected through a specific control method, then the seawater used for seedling cultivation is treated, the seedling cultivation shells are cleaned, and meanwhile, the management is carried out in the whole growth period of the laver, so that the occurrence of the maculopathy is effectively prevented and controlled.

3) According to the biological characteristics of the shell protonema and the maculopathy of the porphyra yezoensis, the invention determines the cultivation stage of the shell protonema, adopts different treatment methods according to the characteristics of each stage, and combines the effective management of a high-temperature period to finally complete the prevention and control of the maculopathy.

4) The method for preventing and controlling the yellow spot of the laver shell protonema avoids the occurrence of diseases and provides high-quality seedlings for the laver breeding industry.

5) The method can be used for managing the large-scale laver seedling raising workshops, and is low in cost, simple to operate and obvious in effect.

Detailed Description

In the process of cultivating and growing the porphyra yezoensis, the cultivating place of the porphyra yezoensis is disinfected, then seawater used for cultivating the seedlings is treated, the shells for cultivating the seedlings are cleaned, and meanwhile, management is carried out in the whole growth period of the porphyra yezoensis, so that the porphyra yezoensis can be prevented and controlled.

Example 1

Before seedling raising, fresh water is fed into a seedling raising workshop, a disinfectant is uniformly scattered into a pool, the seedling raising workshop is soaked by the fresh water, the water depth is kept to be 3cm, and the soaking time is 7 days; the disinfectant is bleaching powder, and the dosage is 0.16kg/m²(ii) a Controlling the specific gravity of the fresh water within 1.005;

before formal seedling culture, carrying out dark precipitation on seawater used for seedling culture for 15 days, wherein the specific gravity of the seawater used for seedling culture is 1.018;

before seedling distribution, fully soaking the shells used for laver seedling culture for 30 days before use, removing impurities on the shells, washing, soaking in fresh water for 24 hours, and drying in the sun for later use;

during the cultivation process of the laver shell protonema, when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃, the specific gravity of seedling seawater is controlled at 1.015, diatoms, sludge and the like on the shells are washed every 20 days, meanwhile, the seedling pool is disinfected by potassium permanganate with the concentration of 500ppm, the disinfection time is 15 minutes, then after the shells are washed for 10 days, the seedling seawater is disinfected by chlorine dioxide (the concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2.5ppm of available chlorine), ventilation is carried out during the seedling cultivation, and the temperature of the seedling seawater is controlled at 27-29 ℃.

When the water temperature is lower than 27 ℃, the specific gravity of the seedling seawater is 1.018, diatom, sludge and the like on shells are washed every 20 days, and meanwhile, the seedling pool is disinfected by potassium permanganate with the concentration of 500ppm for 15 minutes.

Comparative example 1:

the difference from example 1 is that the cultivation site was not sterilized before raising seedlings.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that no seawater treatment was applied to the seedlings before they were grown.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that no cleaning treatment was performed on the shells of the seedlings before the seedlings were raised.

Comparative example 4

The difference from example 1 is that the nursery pond was not sterilized with a disinfectant throughout the growth cycle.

Comparative example 5

The difference from the example 1 is that the seawater for raising seedlings is not disinfected by the disinfectant when the water temperature is 27-29 ℃ in the whole growth period.

In 2016 + 2018, experiments of examples and comparative examples were carried out in Dafeng, Gangfeng, Jiangtang, Nantong, and the like in Yangcheng respectively, and the prevention and control effects of the examples and the comparative examples on the maculopathy are shown in Table 1 after three years of practice.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the incidence of maculopathy under the conditions of example 1 is significantly lower than that of the other comparative examples, thus demonstrating that the treatment steps, treatment condition settings, and selection of specific disinfectants of the present application can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of maculopathy. According to the biological characteristics of the porphyra yezoensis shell protonema and the maculopathy, different treatment methods are adopted according to the characteristics of each stage, and the maculopathy is finally prevented and controlled by combining the effective management in the high-temperature period.