阅读说明：本技术 一种高热效率管式电弧加热器 (High thermal efficiency tubular electric arc heater ) 是由 文鹏 刘雨翔 杨汝森 欧东斌 陈海群 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及航空航天飞行器气动热地面模拟试验装置技术领域,尤其是涉及一种高热效率管式电弧加热器,该电弧加热器包括通过连接法兰依次串联连接的后端盖、电极和旋气室；其中,所述后端盖包括第一基体和设置在所述第一基体上的互不连通的第一高压气道和第一冷却水道；所述电极包括第二基体和设置在所述第二基体上的互不连通的第二高压气道和第二冷却水道；所述旋气室包括第三基体和设置在所述第三基体上的互不连通的第三高压气道和第三冷却水道。本发明将传统电极的内外水套结构设计为一个整体,巧妙避免了冷却水和工作气的密封问题,此外,电极中第二冷却水道和第二高压气道的设计减少了电极烧损,延长了电极寿命,提高加热器的运行热效率。(The invention relates to the technical field of a pneumatic heat ground simulation test device of an aerospace craft, in particular to a high-heat-efficiency tubular electric arc heater, which comprises a rear end cover, an electrode and a cyclone chamber which are sequentially connected in series through a connecting flange; the rear end cover comprises a first base body, and a first high-pressure air passage and a first cooling water passage which are arranged on the first base body and are not communicated with each other; the electrode comprises a second substrate, and a second high-pressure air passage and a second cooling water passage which are arranged on the second substrate and are not communicated with each other; the cyclone chamber comprises a third base body, and a third high-pressure air channel and a third cooling water channel which are arranged on the third base body and are not communicated with each other. The invention designs the inner and outer water jacket structure of the traditional electrode into a whole, skillfully avoids the sealing problem of cooling water and working gas, and in addition, the design of the second cooling water channel and the second high-pressure gas channel in the electrode reduces the electrode burning loss, prolongs the electrode service life and improves the operation heat efficiency of the heater.)

1. A high-heat-efficiency tubular electric arc heater is characterized by comprising a rear end cover (2), an electrode (3) and a cyclone chamber (4) which are sequentially connected in series through a connecting flange (1);

the rear end cover (2) comprises a first base body (5) and a first high-pressure air passage and a first cooling water passage (6) which are arranged on the first base body (5) and are not communicated with each other;

the electrode (3) comprises a second base body (7) and a second high-pressure air passage and a second cooling water passage which are arranged on the second base body (7) and are not communicated with each other;

the cyclone chamber (4) comprises a third base body (8) and a third high-pressure air passage and a third cooling water passage which are arranged on the third base body (8) and are not communicated with each other.

2. The arc heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the first substrate (5) is a disc-like structure;

the first high-pressure air channel comprises a plurality of first air channel branches (9), and each first air channel branch (9) is uniformly distributed at the axis of the first base body (5) and spirally penetrates through the left end face and the right end face of the first base body (5);

the first cooling water channel (6) is in a shape of a dragon-back disc and surrounds the outer side of the first high-pressure air channel, and concentric rings which are communicated in series are uniformly distributed on the left end face and the right end face of the first base body (5);

all the first gas channel branches (9) are not communicated with the first cooling water channel (6).

3. The arc heater according to claim 2, characterized in that all the first gas duct branches (9) are inclined at an angle of not less than 30 ° to the end face of the first base (5);

and the smallest inner diameter of all the first gas passage branches (9) is not more than 1mm and not less than 0.5 mm.

4. The arc heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the distance of the first cooling water channel (6) from the right end face of the first substrate (5) is not more than 1 mm;

and the equivalent drift diameter of the first cooling water channel (6) is not less than 3 mm.

5. The arc heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the second base body (7) is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure;

the second cooling water channel comprises a plurality of second water channel branches (10) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second base body (7);

the second high-pressure air passage comprises a plurality of sections of second air passage branches (11) which are uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the second water passage branches (10).

6. The electric arc heater according to claim 5, characterized in that all the second channel branches (10) comprise a second channel inlet (12), a second inlet water collecting ring (13), a second rib groove (14), a second outlet water collecting ring (15) and a second channel outlet (16) which are communicated in sequence;

the second water channel inlet (12) and the second water channel outlet (16) are respectively arranged on the outer walls of two ends of the second base body (7), and the second water channel inlet (12) and the second water channel outlet (16) are not in the same longitudinal section;

the second inlet water collecting ring (13) and the second outlet water collecting ring (15) are both in circular ring structures and are respectively arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the two ends of the second base body (7) coaxially with the second base body (7);

the second rib groove (14) is arranged outside the inner wall of the second base body (7).

7. The arc heater according to claim 6, characterized in that all the second gas duct branches (11) comprise a second gas duct inlet hole (17), a second gas duct gas collecting ring (18) and a plurality of second tangential inlet holes (19);

the second air channel air inlet hole (17) is formed in the outer wall of the second base body (7) along the radial direction of the second base body (7);

the second air flue gas collecting ring (18) is of a circular structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second base body (7);

all the second tangential air inlets (19) are formed in the inner wall of the second base body (7) and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the second base body (7);

the second air passage air inlet holes (17) are communicated with all the second tangential air inlet holes (19) through the second air passage air collecting ring (18).

8. The arc heater according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance between all the second fins (14) and the inner wall of the second base (7) is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent diameter thereof is not less than 3 mm.

9. The arc heater of claim 8, characterized in that all the second tangential air inlet holes (19) are oriented in the same direction as the arc rotation in the second body (7), and the second tangential air inlet holes (19) are of a laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the smallest cross section of the middle part of the second tangential air inlet holes (19) is less than or equal to 1 mm.

10. The arc heater according to claim 9, characterized in that in each section of the second gas duct branch (11), the cross-sectional area of the second gas duct inlet aperture (17) is equal to the cross-sectional area of the second gas duct gas collecting ring (18) and larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the second tangential inlet apertures (19).

11. The arc heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the third base body (8) is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure;

the third high-pressure air passage and the third cooling water passage are sequentially arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the third base body (8) in an annular mode and are coaxially arranged with the third base body (8).

12. The electric arc heater according to claim 11, wherein the third cooling flume comprises a third annular flume (20), a plurality of third flume inlets (21), and a plurality of third flume outlets (22);

the third annular water channel (20) is arranged on the outer side of the third high-pressure air channel;

the third water channel inlet (21) is communicated with the third water channel outlet (22) through the third annular water channel (20), and each pair of the third water channel inlet (21) and the third water channel outlet (22) are arranged on the outer wall of the third base body (8) in a diagonal direction.

13. The arc heater of claim 12, wherein the third high pressure gas duct comprises a third gas duct inlet aperture (23), a third gas gathering ring (24), and a plurality of third tangential inlet apertures (25);

the third air passage air inlet hole (23) is formed in the outer wall of the third base body (8) along the radial direction of the third base body (8);

the third gas collecting ring (24) is of a circular ring-shaped structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second base body (7);

all the third tangential air inlets (25) are formed in the inner wall of the third base body (8) and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the third base body (8);

the third air flue air inlet holes (23) are communicated with all the third tangential air inlet holes (25) through the third air collecting ring (24).

14. The electric arc heater according to claim 13, characterized in that the distance between the third annular channel (20) and the inner wall of the third base body (8) is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent diameter of the third annular channel (20) is not less than 3 mm.

15. The arc heater of claim 14, characterized in that all the third tangential air inlet holes (25) are oriented in the same direction as the arc rotation direction in the third body (8), and the third tangential air inlet holes (25) are of a laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the smallest cross section of the middle part of the third tangential air inlet holes (25) is less than or equal to 2 mm.

16. The arc heater of any of claims 1-15, further comprising an insulating ring (26) and a heat insulating ring (27);

the insulating ring (26) and the insulating ring (27) are arranged between the second base body (7) and the third base body (8) and are pressed and fixed through the connecting flange (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace craft aerodynamic heating ground simulation test devices, in particular to a high-heat-efficiency tubular electric arc heater.

Background

The tubular electric arc heater is used as important equipment for a pneumatic thermal ground simulation test of an aerospace craft, has the advantages of reliable operation, adjustable state and the like, can well simulate a reentry thermal environment with high pressure, medium-low enthalpy and high heat flow density, and plays an important role in the research of thermal protection of a hypersonic craft.

At present, the manufacturing of the electric arc heater is in the traditional machining process stage, the process can not meet the processing requirements of some detailed parts and complex structures, the electric arc heater in the current stage mostly adopts a mode that an O-shaped sealing ring is embedded in an inner water jacket and an outer water jacket to finish the sealing of cooling water and working gas, the reliability of the whole structure is limited, and the difficulty of assembly and disassembly among components is increased. In addition, due to the adoption of a dual-element structure of the inner water jacket and the outer water jacket, the electrode cannot be inserted into the air inlet assembly, only single air supply can be carried out by virtue of the cyclone chamber, the protection effect of the air film on the wall surface of the electrode cannot be fully utilized, and the improvement of the operation thermal efficiency of the heater is also restricted. However, with the development of various novel hypersonic flight vehicles in China, higher requirements are put forward on the improvement of the performance of the electric arc heater, for example, how to optimize the structural design of the heater, and when the working performance of the heater is improved, the working hours and working procedures of installation and disassembly of the heater are simplified.

Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to develop a new tubular arc heater with high thermal efficiency to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-heat-efficiency tubular arc heater, which prolongs the service life of the arc heater and improves the operation efficiency of the arc heater.

The invention provides a high-heat-efficiency tubular electric arc heater, which comprises a rear end cover, an electrode and a cyclone chamber which are sequentially connected in series through a connecting flange;

the rear end cover comprises a first base body, and a first high-pressure air passage and a first cooling water passage which are arranged on the first base body and are not communicated with each other;

the electrode comprises a second substrate, and a second high-pressure air passage and a second cooling water passage which are arranged on the second substrate and are not communicated with each other;

the cyclone chamber comprises a third base body, and a third high-pressure air channel and a third cooling water channel which are arranged on the third base body and are not communicated with each other.

Further, the first substrate is a disc-shaped structure;

the first high-pressure air channel comprises a plurality of first air channel branches, and each first air channel branch is uniformly distributed at the axis of the first base body and spirally penetrates through the left end face and the right end face of the first base body;

the first cooling water channel surrounds the outer side of the first high-pressure air channel in a shape of a dragon-back disk, and concentric rings communicated in series are uniformly distributed on the left end face and the right end face of the first base body;

all the first gas passage branches are not communicated with the first cooling water passage.

Further, the inclination angles of all the first air channel branches and the end face of the first base body are not less than 30 degrees;

and the minimum inner diameter of all the first air passage branches is not more than 1mm and not less than 0.5 mm.

Further, the distance between the first cooling water channel and the right end face of the first substrate is not more than 1 mm;

and the equivalent drift diameter of the first cooling water channel is not less than 3 mm.

Further, the second substrate is of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure;

the second cooling water channel comprises a plurality of second water channel branches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second base body;

the second high-pressure air passage comprises a plurality of sections of second air passage branches which are uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the second water passage branches.

Furthermore, all the second water channel branches comprise a second water channel inlet, a second inlet water collecting ring, a second rib groove, a second outlet water collecting ring and a second water channel outlet which are sequentially communicated;

the second water channel inlet and the second water channel outlet are respectively arranged on the outer walls at two ends of the second substrate, and the second water channel inlet and the second water channel outlet are not in the same longitudinal section;

the second inlet water collecting ring and the second outlet water collecting ring are both in circular ring structures and are respectively arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the two ends of the second base body coaxially with the second base body;

the second rib groove is arranged outside the inner wall of the second base body.

Furthermore, all the second air passage branches comprise second air passage air inlet holes, a second air passage gas collecting ring and a plurality of second tangential air inlet holes;

the second air passage air inlet is formed in the outer wall of the second base body along the radial direction of the second base body;

the second air flue gas collecting ring is of a circular structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second base body;

all the second tangential air inlets are formed in the inner wall of the second base body and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the second base body;

and the second air passage air inlet is communicated with all the second tangential air inlets through the second air passage air collecting ring.

Further, the distance between all the second rib grooves and the inner wall of the second base body is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent drift diameter of the second rib grooves is not less than 3 mm.

Furthermore, the directions of all the second tangential air inlets are consistent with the rotation direction of the electric arc in the second base body, the second tangential air inlets are of a Laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the minimum section in the middle of each second tangential air inlet is smaller than or equal to 1 mm.

Furthermore, in each section of the second air passage branch, the sectional area of the air inlet hole of the second air passage is equal to the sectional area of the air collecting ring of the second air passage and is larger than the sum of the sectional areas of all the second tangential air inlet holes.

Further, the third substrate is of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure;

the third high-pressure air passage and the third cooling water passage are sequentially arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the third base body in an annular shape and are coaxially arranged with the third base body.

Further, the third cooling flume includes a third annular flume, a plurality of third flume inlets, and a plurality of third flume outlets;

the third annular water channel is arranged on the outer side of the third high-pressure air channel;

the third water channel inlet is communicated with the third water channel outlet through the third annular water channel, and each pair of the third water channel inlet and the third water channel outlet is arranged on the outer wall of the third substrate in a diagonal direction.

Further, the third high-pressure gas channel comprises a third gas channel gas inlet hole, a third gas collecting ring and a plurality of third tangential gas inlet holes;

the third air passage air inlet is formed in the outer wall of the third base body along the radial direction of the third base body;

the third gas collecting ring is of a circular ring structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second substrate;

all the third tangential air inlets are formed in the inner wall of the third base body and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the third base body;

and the third air passage air inlet is communicated with all the third tangential air inlets through the third gas collecting ring.

Further, the distance between the third annular water channel and the inner wall of the third base body is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent drift diameter of the third annular water channel is not less than 3 mm.

Furthermore, the directions of all the third tangential air inlet holes are consistent with the rotating direction of the electric arc in the third base body, the third tangential air inlet holes are of a Laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the minimum section in the middle of each third tangential air inlet hole is smaller than or equal to 2 mm.

Further, the heat insulation ring also comprises an insulation ring and a heat insulation ring;

the insulating ring and the heat insulating ring are arranged between the second base body and the third base body and are fixedly pressed through a connecting flange.

The invention also discloses a method for protecting the inner wall air film of the arc heater used in the electrode high-pressure air passage, wherein the electrode used in the method comprises a base body, an air inlet hole, a gas collecting ring and a plurality of tangential air inlet holes, the air inlet hole is arranged on the outer wall of the base body along the radial direction of the base body, the gas collecting ring is in a circular ring structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the base body together with the arc heater, the plurality of tangential air inlet holes are all arranged on the inner wall of the base body and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the base body, and the air inlet holes are communicated.

When the arc heater is operated, the arc column is located near the central axis of the substrate, and the working gas in the heater is heated by the arc to a high temperature gas and has both a velocity in the axial direction and a rotational velocity about the central axis. High-pressure cold air continuously enters the air collecting ring through the air inlet hole and enters the substrate through the tangential air inlet hole, and a cold air film is formed on the inner wall surface of the electric arc heater. The continuous cold air film can be formed after the cross-section structures are arranged in the matrix for a plurality of times along the axial direction, and high-temperature gas can be wrapped in the cold air film, so that the high-temperature gas can not be directly contacted with the inner wall of the electric arc heater, the temperature of the inner wall of the electric arc heater is reduced, the burning loss condition of the inner wall of the electric arc heater is lightened, the service life of the electric arc heater is further prolonged, metal vapor impurities in the gas in the electric arc heater are reduced, and the gas purity is improved. In addition, the existence of the cold air film also reduces the heat transfer between the high-temperature working gas and the arc heater, reduces the heat loss on the structure of the heater and further improves the operating efficiency of the arc heater.

Compared with the prior art, the tubular electric arc heater with high thermal efficiency has the following advantages:

the arc heater mainly comprises a rear end cover, an electrode and a cyclone chamber, wherein the three parts are integrally formed by adopting a metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology. The rear end cover comprises a first base body, and a first high-pressure air passage and a first cooling water passage which are arranged on the first base body and are not communicated with each other; the electrode comprises a second substrate, and a second high-pressure air passage and a second cooling water passage which are arranged on the second substrate and are not communicated with each other; the cyclone chamber comprises a third base body, and a third high-pressure air channel and a third cooling water channel which are arranged on the third base body and are not communicated with each other. When the gas-arc welding machine operates, the electrodes are conducted through arc striking by argon injected into the cyclone chamber, the argon is switched into air after the arc striking, and meanwhile, the first high-pressure air passage of the rear end cover is connected to form an electric arc with stable spinning. The high-pressure cold air introduced from the cyclone chamber is the main working gas of the whole electric arc heater, an adherence annular cold air film is formed in the inner cavity of the third base body through a third high-pressure air passage, and the electric arc is compressed near the axis of the inner cavity by means of air pressure difference; the high-pressure cold air introduced from the electrode is main protective gas of the inner wall surface of the electrode, enters the second substrate along the second high-pressure air passage and forms a continuous annular cold air film along the inner wall surface of the second substrate; high-pressure cold air introduced from the rear end cover is auxiliary air for adjusting the arc root position, and forms spiral jet flow on the end surface of the first base body through the first high-pressure air channel, so that the arc root falling point position and the residence time are regulated and controlled. In addition, high-pressure cooling water is continuously injected from the first cooling water channel, the second cooling water channel and the third cooling water channel respectively, and the integral thermal protection of the arc heater is realized together. Therefore, the metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology is applied to the design and manufacture of the electric arc heater, and the electric arc heater has the advantages that firstly, the inner water jacket structure and the outer water jacket structure of the traditional electrode are designed into a whole, the sealing problem of cooling water and working gas is ingeniously avoided, in addition, the electrode burning loss is reduced through the design of the second cooling water channel in the electrode, the electrode service life is prolonged, the cold air introduced into the second high-pressure air channel can carry out gas film protection on the electrode, the electrode ablation rate is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, and the operation heat efficiency of the heater is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high thermal efficiency tubular electric arc heater according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the rear end cap of the electric arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a rear end cap in the arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a left side view of the electrodes in the arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the electrodes in the arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a left side view of a cyclone chamber in the electric arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of a cyclone chamber in the arc heater of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the method for protecting the inner wall of the arc heater by the air film of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1: a connecting flange; 2: a rear end cap; 3: an electrode; 4: a cyclone chamber; 5: a first substrate; 6: a first cooling channel; 7: a second substrate; 8: a third substrate; 9: a first gas passage branch; 10: a second channel leg; 11: a second airway branch; 12: a second waterway inlet; 13: a second inlet water collection ring; 14: a second rib groove; 15: a second outlet water collection ring; 16: a second flume outlet; 17: a second air passage inlet port; 18: a second gas passage gas collecting ring; 19: a second tangential inlet aperture; 20: a third annular waterway; 21: a third waterway inlet; 22: a third flume outlet; 23: a third air passage air inlet hole; 24: a third gas collecting ring; 25: a third tangential inlet aperture; 26: an insulating ring; 27: an adiabatic ring.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the present invention provides a high thermal efficiency tubular arc heater, which comprises a rear end cap 2, an electrode 3 and a cyclone chamber 4 connected in series in sequence by a connection flange 1; the rear end cover 2 comprises a first base body 5, and a first high-pressure air passage and a first cooling water passage 6 which are arranged on the first base body 5 and are not communicated with each other; the electrode 3 comprises a second substrate 7, and a second high-pressure air passage and a second cooling water passage which are arranged on the second substrate 7 and are not communicated with each other; the cyclone chamber 4 comprises a third base body 8 and a third high-pressure air passage and a third cooling water passage which are arranged on the third base body 8 and are not communicated with each other.

The electric arc heater of the invention integrally designs the rear end cover 2 of the core component, the electrode 3 and the cyclone chamber 4, and each component is respectively provided with the independent and non-communicated high-pressure air passage and the cooling water passage, and when in use, the components are assembled in series through the connecting flange 1, thereby reducing the working hours and working procedures of manufacturing and processing and simplifying the assembly and disassembly processes. When the arc-striking type gas arc welding machine operates, the electrode 3 is in arc striking conduction through argon injected into the cyclone chamber 4, the argon is switched into air after the arc striking, and meanwhile, the first high-pressure gas channel of the rear end cover 2 is connected to form an arc with stable spinning. Wherein, the high-pressure cold air introduced from the cyclone chamber 4 is the main working gas of the whole electric arc heater, an adherence annular cold air film is formed in the inner cavity of the third substrate 8 through a third high-pressure air passage, and the electric arc is compressed near the axis of the inner cavity by the air pressure difference; the high-pressure cold air introduced from the electrode 3 is main protective gas of the inner wall surface of the electrode 3, enters the second substrate 7 along the second high-pressure air channel and forms a continuous annular cold air film along the inner wall surface of the second substrate 7; the high-pressure cold air introduced from the rear end cover 2 is auxiliary air for adjusting the arc root position, and forms spiral jet flow on the end surface of the first base body 5 through the first high-pressure air passage, so that the arc root falling point position and the residence time are adjusted and controlled. Therefore, the design of the third high-pressure air passage and the third cooling water passage in the cyclone chamber 4 reduces the redundant volume of the cyclone chamber 4, reduces the loss of useless energy and improves the mechanical property of the cyclone chamber 4 in the working state; the burning loss of the electrode 3 is reduced by the design of the second cooling water channel in the electrode 3, the service life of the electrode 3 is prolonged, the cold air introduced into the second high-pressure air channel can carry out air film protection on the electrode 3, the ablation rate of the electrode 3 is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, and the operating thermal efficiency of the heater is improved; and the first high-pressure air channel and the first cooling water channel 6 in the rear end cover 2 can optimize the auxiliary cyclone capacity, so that the rotation capacity of the electric arc is improved, the cooling burden of the right end face of the electric arc heater electrode 3 is reduced, the electric arc root is pushed away, and the electric arc breakdown phenomenon of the rear end cover 2 is effectively inhibited. In addition, the metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology is adopted, so that the processing of the complex structure in each component is possible, the limitation of the traditional mechanical processing is overcome, the structural design of the heater is optimized, the structural redundancy volume is reduced, the use of a sealing element is reduced, the structural strength of each component is improved, and the reliability of the electrode 3 in the working state is improved.

On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the first substrate 5 has a disc-shaped structure; the first high-pressure air channel comprises a plurality of first air channel branches 9, wherein each first air channel branch 9 is uniformly distributed at the axis of the first base body 5 and spirally penetrates through the left end face and the right end face of the first base body 5; the first cooling water channel 6 surrounds the outer side of the first high-pressure air channel in a shape of a dragon-back disk, and is uniformly distributed on the left end surface and the right end surface of the first base body 5 in concentric rings which are communicated in series; all the first gas duct branches 9 are not communicated with the first cooling water duct 6.

Specifically, first base member 5 is discoid structure, and first high-pressure air flue trompil in the axle center department of first base member 5 forms many first air flue branches 9, and every first air flue branch 9 is the spiral about the axis and runs through in the terminal surface about first base member 5 to every first air flue branch 9 whirling gas direction is unanimous with electric arc direction of rotation, and first cooling water course 6 is the outer side of the first high-pressure air flue of the ring of returning the dragon's ring form, and be the communicating concentric circles evenly distributed between the terminal surface about first base member 5 of establishing ties. When the arc heater works, a high-temperature internal environment formed by high-voltage rotating arc ionized gas working media acts on the right end face of the first matrix 5, on one hand, cold air which is injected through the plurality of first air channel branches 9 and has the same rotating direction with the arc can improve the auxiliary cyclone performance, enhance the rotating speed of the arc, reduce the residence time of single-point arcs on the inner wall face of the electrode 3 and reduce the cooling burden of the electrode 3 of the arc heater; on the other hand, the high-pressure cooling water cools the heated side surface of the first substrate 5 through the plurality of first cooling water channels 6 which are communicated in series, so that the burning loss of the wall surface is reduced, and the cooling performance of the rear end cover 2 is improved. However, because the plurality of first air duct branches 9 in the first base body 5 of the rear end cover 2 are in a specific spiral shape and are not communicated with the first cooling water duct 6, and operate independently, the first base body 5, the first cooling water duct 6 and the plurality of first air duct branches 9 of the rear end cover 2 need to be processed by a metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology. And through this manufacturing technology, can accomplish the design processing of above-mentioned complicated configuration, realize the improvement of rear end cap 2 cooling performance and the optimization of supplementary cyclone performance to realize the integrated into one piece of overall structure, simplify the processing and the installation of rear end cap 2.

When the working voltage of the electric arc heater is higher, stronger auxiliary cyclone is introduced into the plurality of first air channel branches 9 of the rear end cover 2, so that the electric arc spinning stability can be enhanced, the arc root which is lengthened due to the increase of the voltage is pushed away, and the electric arc breakdown phenomenon of the rear end cover 2 is inhibited.

In order to ensure that a uniform and effective high-speed cooling jet with sufficient intensity is generated, the inclination angle of all the first air duct branches 9 to the end face of the first base body 5 is not less than 30 degrees; and the minimum inner diameter of all the first gas passage branches 9 is not more than 1mm, and not less than 0.5 mm.

In order to ensure that the right end face of the first base body 5 is cooled sufficiently, the distance between the first cooling water channel 6 and the right end face of the first base body 5 is not more than 1 mm; and the equivalent drift diameter of the first cooling water channel 6 is not less than 3 mm.

On the basis of the technical scheme, further, the second substrate 7 is of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure; the second cooling water channel comprises a plurality of second water channel branches 10 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second base body 7; the second high pressure air passage comprises a plurality of sections of second air passage branches 11 which are uniformly distributed at the outer sides of the second water passage branches 10.

Second base member 7 is cylinder cover barrel-shaped structure to adopt metal 3D to print additive manufacturing technology processing integration shaping, and the second cooling water course includes many second water course branches 10 along the circumference evenly distributed of second base member 7, and second high-pressure air flue includes multistage evenly distributed in the second air flue branch 11 in the second water course branch 10 outside. When the electric arc heater is in a working state, the high-voltage electric arc is positioned in the inner cavity of the second base body 7, the high-voltage air flow in the inner cavity of the second base body 7 is heated to a high-temperature state, the electrode 3 is cooled by the cooling water through the plurality of second water channel branches 10, and an electric arc root falls on a certain position of the inner wall of the electrode 3 and rotates at a high speed to form an arc root surface. The arc position is judged through the arc voltage, high-pressure cold air is injected through the multi-section second air channel branch 11 located at the upstream of the arc root, a cold air film is formed near the inner wall of the second base body 7, the burning loss condition of the electrode 3 is reduced on the premise that the operation efficiency of the arc heater is not reduced, the service life of the arc heater is prolonged, and the operation efficiency of the arc heater is improved. In addition, because the second cooling water channel and the second high-pressure air channel in the second substrate 7 in the electrode 3 have the characteristics of staggered arrangement and mutual isolation, the electrode 3 needs to be designed and processed by adopting a 3D printing metal additive manufacturing technology, the existing arc heater electrode 3 in an inner jacket form can be changed into an integrated form by 3D printing metal additive manufacturing, the processing man-hour of the electrode 3 is shortened, the assembly process of the electrode 3 is simplified, the traditional sealing ring sealing mode of the electrode 3 is omitted, and the reliability of the electrode 3 in a working state is improved.

On the basis of the above technical solution, further, all the second water channel branches 10 include a second water channel inlet 12, a second inlet water collecting ring 13, a second rib groove 14, a second outlet water collecting ring 15, and a second water channel outlet 16, which are sequentially communicated; the second water channel inlet 12 and the second water channel outlet 16 are respectively formed in the outer walls of the two ends of the second substrate 7, and the second water channel inlet 12 and the second water channel outlet 16 are not in the same longitudinal section; the second inlet water collecting ring 13 and the second outlet water collecting ring 15 are both of circular structures and are respectively arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the two ends of the second base body 7 coaxially with the second base body 7; the second rib grooves 14 are arranged outside the inner wall of the second base body 7.

Specifically, all the second water channel branches 10 include a second water channel inlet 12, a second inlet water collecting ring 13, a second rib groove 14, a second outlet water collecting ring 15 and a second water channel outlet 16 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the second water channel inlet 12 and the second water channel outlet 16 are respectively arranged on the outer walls of the two ends of the second base body 7, and the second inlet water collecting ring 13 and the second outlet water collecting ring 15 which are respectively used for introducing water and discharging water are respectively arranged at the second water channel inlet 12 and the second water channel outlet 16; and a plurality of second muscle grooves 14 evenly distributed outside the inner wall of second base member 7, the setting of second muscle groove 14 structure can reduce rivers torrent mobility, reduces the flow resistance coefficient, strengthens the local heat exchange efficiency in arc root department, reduces the scaling loss, extension electrode 3 life-span.

On the basis of the above technical solution, further, all the second air passage branches 11 include a second air passage air inlet hole 17, a second air passage gas collecting ring 18 and a plurality of second tangential air inlet holes 19; the second air flue air inlet 17 is formed in the outer wall of the second base body 7 along the radial direction of the second base body 7; the second air flue gas collecting ring 18 is of a circular structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second substrate 7; all the second tangential air inlet holes 19 are formed in the inner wall of the second base body 7 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the second base body 7; wherein the second air flue air inlet hole 17 is communicated with all the second tangential air inlet holes 19 through the second air flue gas collecting ring 18.

Specifically, the second high-pressure air passage includes a plurality of second air passage branches 11 uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the second water passage branches 10, and each second air passage branch 11 includes a second air passage air inlet hole 17, a second air passage air collecting ring 18 and a plurality of second tangential air inlet holes 19, wherein the second air passage air inlet hole 17 is communicated with all the second tangential air inlet holes 19 through the second air passage air collecting ring 18. The multiple sections of tangential air passages which are not communicated with each other can research the optimal air distribution mode for keeping the high heat efficiency of the electric arc heater under different current and voltage assignment conditions by changing the air inlet combination mode and the air inlet amount.

Preferably, the number of the second tangential air inlet holes 19 in each section of the second air duct branch 11 is not less than 4, so as to ensure sufficient continuity of the cold air protection film, the specific number depending on the size of the inner diameter of the second base 7. In each section of the second air passage branch 11, the number of the second air passage air inlet holes 17 is not limited to 1, and when the number of the second air passage air inlet holes 17 is more than 1, the second air passage air inlet holes 17 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second base body 7, and the specific number depends on the structure of the second base body 7 and the number of the second tangential air inlet holes 19.

In order to ensure that the wall surface of the inner cavity of the second base body 7 is sufficiently cooled, on the basis of the technical scheme, the distance between all the second rib grooves 14 and the inner wall of the second base body 7 is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent diameter of the second rib grooves is not less than 3 mm.

On the basis of the technical scheme, further, the directions of all the second tangential air inlet holes 19 are consistent with the rotation direction of the electric arc in the second base body 7, the second tangential air inlet holes 19 are of a Laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the minimum section in the middle of each second tangential air inlet hole 19 is smaller than or equal to 1 mm.

In order to ensure that a uniform and effective cold air protective film can be generated in the inner cavity of the second base body 7, the directions of all the second tangential air inlet holes 19 are consistent with the rotating direction of the electric arc in the second base body 7; to further ensure the sufficient strength of the cold gas protective film and reduce the ratio between the cold gas film and the working gas in the arc heater.

In order to ensure that an effective sound velocity cross section is formed at each second tangential air inlet hole 19, in each section of the second air flue branch 11, the cross section area of the second air flue air inlet hole 17 is equal to the cross section area of the second air flue gas collecting ring 18 and is larger than the sum of the cross section areas of all the second tangential air inlet holes 19.

On the basis of the technical scheme, further, the third substrate 8 is of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure; the third high-pressure air passage and the third cooling water passage are sequentially arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the third matrix 8 in an annular shape and are coaxially arranged with the third matrix 8.

The third base body 8 is a cylindrical sleeve-shaped structure, is designed and processed into an integrated shape by adopting a metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology, and the third cooling water channel and the third high-pressure gas channel are sequentially arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the third base body 8 in an annular shape, are not communicated with each other and are coaxial with the annular inner cavity of the third base body 8. Therefore, because the third cooling water channel and the third high-pressure gas channel in the third substrate 8 in the cyclone chamber 4 have the characteristics of coaxial main path and staggered branch paths, the third substrate 8 in the cyclone chamber 4 needs to be designed and processed by adopting a metal 3D printing additive manufacturing technology. The manufacturing technology can convert the arc heater cyclone chamber 4 with the sleeved water channel and air channel into an integrated forming type, thereby simplifying the working hours of the processing and mounting procedures of the cyclone chamber 4, reducing the redundant volume of the cooling water channel and the high-pressure air channel, omitting the welding procedure of the traditional sleeved cyclone chamber 4, improving the mechanical property of the cyclone chamber 4 and prolonging the service life of the cyclone chamber 4.

On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the third cooling water channel includes a third annular water channel 20, a plurality of third water channel inlets 21 and a plurality of third water channel outlets 22; wherein the third annular water channel 20 is arranged outside the third high-pressure air channel; the third water channel inlet 21 is communicated with the third water channel outlet 22 through the third annular water channel 20, and each pair of the third water channel inlet 21 and the third water channel outlet 22 is arranged on the outer wall of the third substrate 8 in a diagonal direction.

Specifically, the third cooling water channel includes a third annular water channel 20, a plurality of third water channel inlets 21 and a plurality of third water channel outlets 22, wherein the third annular water channel 20 is arranged outside the third high pressure air channel; the third water channel inlet 21 is communicated with the third water channel outlet 22 through the third annular water channel 20, and each pair of the third water channel inlet 21 and the third water channel outlet 22 is arranged on the outer wall of the third substrate 8 in a diagonal direction. The high-pressure cooling water cools the inner cavity wall through the third annular water channel 20 of the cyclone chamber 4, so that the burning loss of the inner cavity wall is reduced, the cooling performance and the service life of the cyclone chamber 4 are improved, and the integral thermal protection of the arc heater cyclone chamber 4 is realized jointly.

On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the third high-pressure gas duct includes a third gas duct gas inlet hole 23, a third gas collecting ring 24 and a plurality of third tangential gas inlet holes 25; the third air flue air inlet hole 23 is formed in the outer wall of the third base body 8 along the radial direction of the third base body 8; the third gas collecting ring 24 is in a circular ring structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the second substrate 7; all the third tangential air inlets 25 are formed in the inner wall of the third base body 8 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the third base body 8; wherein the third air flue inlet holes 23 are communicated with all the third tangential inlet holes 25 through the third air gathering ring 24.

The third high-pressure air channel comprises a third air channel air inlet hole 23, a third air collecting ring 24 and a plurality of third tangential air inlet holes 25, the third air channel air inlet hole 23 enters the plurality of third tangential air inlet holes 25 after passing through the third air collecting ring 24, and the plurality of third tangential air inlet holes 25 penetrate through a reserved gap on the third annular water channel 20 and enter the inner cavity of the third base body 8 along the tangent line of the inner wall of the third base body 8. When the arc heater is in a working state, the formed high-voltage rotating arc ionizes the airflow injected into the cavity of the arc heater to generate a high-temperature high-voltage flow field, and the airflow passes through the inner cavity of the third substrate 8 along the flow field direction. On one hand, the working gas continuously enters the third gas collecting ring 24 from the third gas passage gas inlet holes 23 and is injected into the inner cavity of the third base body 8 through the plurality of third tangential gas inlet holes 25, so that a cold gas film can be formed near the wall surface of the inner cavity of the third base body 8, the temperature gradient between the wall surface of the inner cavity and high-temperature gas flow is reduced, the heat exchange between cooling water and the high-temperature gas flow in the third annular water channel 20 is reduced, the heat efficiency of the arc heater is improved, and the service life of the cyclone chamber 4 is prolonged. On the other hand, the high-pressure cooling water cools the inner cavity wall through the third annular water channel 20 of the cyclone chamber 4, so that the burning loss of the inner cavity wall is reduced, the cooling performance and the service life of the cyclone chamber 4 are improved, and the integral thermal protection of the cyclone chamber 4 of the arc heater is realized together.

In order to ensure that the inner cavity wall surface of the third base body 8 is sufficiently cooled, the distance between the third annular water channel 20 and the inner wall of the third base body 8 is not more than 1mm, and the equivalent diameter of the third annular water channel 20 is not less than 3 mm.

In order to ensure the main working medium when the electric arc heater operates when the working gas in the inner cavity of the third base body 8 is injected, and enough pressure gradient is provided to compress the electric arc near the axis of the inner cavity of the third base body 8, the directions of all the third tangential air inlet holes 25 are consistent with the rotation direction of the electric arc in the third base body 8, the third tangential air inlet holes 25 are of a Laval nozzle type structure, and the diameter of the minimum section in the middle of each third tangential air inlet hole 25 is less than or equal to 2 mm.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the heat insulation device further comprises an insulation ring 26 and an insulation ring 27; the insulating ring 26 and the insulating ring 27 are disposed between the second base body 7 and the third base body 8 and are fixed by compression by the connecting flange 1.

Specifically, the insulating ring 26 and the insulating ring 27 are made of insulating materials and high-temperature ceramic materials respectively, and are fixed in a pressure mode through the connecting flange 1 during assembly, so that the insulating and heat-insulating effects are safe and reliable. The inner sleeve material of the connecting flange 1 used by the invention is made of insulating material, and is tightened and fixed by bolts during assembly, so that the insulation is safe and reliable.

On the basis of the technical scheme, further, the multiple first air passage branches 9, the multiple second air passage branches 11 and the third high-pressure air passage are all the same as the working gas in the arc heater, so that the working gas is ensured not to be doped with impurities.

As shown in fig. 8, the invention also discloses a method for protecting an electrode high-pressure air passage from using an arc heater inner wall air film, wherein the electrode used in the method comprises a base body, an air inlet hole, a gas collecting ring and a plurality of tangential air inlet holes, the air inlet hole is arranged on the outer wall of the base body along the radial direction of the base body, the gas collecting ring is in a circular ring structure and is coaxially arranged between the inner cavity and the outer wall of the base body with the arc heater, the plurality of tangential air inlet holes are all arranged on the inner wall of the base body and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the base body, and the air inlet holes are communicated with.

When the arc heater is operated, the arc column is located near the central axis of the substrate, and the working gas in the heater is heated by the arc to a high temperature gas and has both a velocity in the axial direction and a rotational velocity about the central axis. High-pressure cold air continuously enters the air collecting ring through the air inlet hole and enters the substrate through the tangential air inlet hole, and a cold air film is formed on the inner wall surface of the electric arc heater. The continuous cold air film can be formed after the cross-section structures are arranged in the matrix for a plurality of times along the axial direction, and high-temperature gas can be wrapped in the cold air film, so that the high-temperature gas can not be directly contacted with the inner wall of the electric arc heater, the temperature of the inner wall of the electric arc heater is reduced, the burning loss condition of the inner wall of the electric arc heater is lightened, the service life of the electric arc heater is further prolonged, metal vapor impurities in the gas in the electric arc heater are reduced, and the gas purity is improved. In addition, the existence of the cold air film also reduces the heat transfer between the high-temperature working gas and the arc heater, reduces the heat loss on the structure of the heater and further improves the operating efficiency of the arc heater.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.