阅读说明：本技术 壁元件 (Wall element ) 是由 马丁.瓦科尼格 于 2019-09-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于噪声防护壁的壁元件(1),其中：壁元件(1)具有主体(2)和至少一个外面(4)；以及主体(2)具有朝向至少一个外面(4)的支撑部(7)；至少一个太阳能面板(3)布置在支撑部(7)上并连接至主体(2)；太阳能面板(3)在壁元件(1)的上表面(9)的方向上相对于竖向(8)倾斜；主体(2)在至少一个外面(4)上具有至少一个吸声表面(10),该吸声表面可以被进入的声音直接到达；吸声表面(10)至少在某些部分上相对于竖向(8)和/或相对于壁元件(1)的纵向方向倾斜；吸声表面(10)的面积至少等于壁元件(1)的可见面的面积。(The invention relates to a wall element (1) for a noise-protected wall, wherein: the wall element (1) has a main body (2) and at least one outer face (4); and the body (2) has a support (7) facing the at least one outer face (4); at least one solar panel (3) is arranged on the support (7) and connected to the main body (2); the solar panels (3) are inclined with respect to the vertical (8) in the direction of the upper surface (9) of the wall element (1); the body (2) has, on at least one outer face (4), at least one sound-absorbing surface (10) which can be reached directly by incoming sound; the sound-absorbing surface (10) is inclined at least in certain sections with respect to the vertical (8) and/or with respect to the longitudinal direction of the wall element (1); the area of the sound-absorbing surface (10) is at least equal to the area of the visible face of the wall element (1).)

1. Wall element (1) for a noise-protected wall, wherein the wall element (1) has a main body (2) and at least one outer side (4), wherein the body (2) has a support (7) facing at least one outer side (4), wherein at least one solar panel (3) is arranged on the support (7) and connected to the main body (2), wherein the solar panels (3) are inclined with respect to the vertical (8) in the direction of the upper side (9) of the wall element (1), wherein the body (2) has at least one sound-absorbing surface (10) on at least one outer side (4) which can be reached directly by incoming sound, characterized in that the sound-absorbing surface (10) is inclined at least in certain sections with respect to the vertical (8) and/or with respect to the longitudinal direction of the wall element (1), wherein the area of the sound-absorbing surface (10) is at least equal to the area of the elevation of the wall element (1).

2. Wall element (11) according to claim 1, characterised in that those parts of the sound-absorbing surface (10) which are directly reachable by sound from a noise introduction area, which comprises an angular range between a normal to the vertical and an inclination of 70 ° to this normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element, have an area which is at least equal to the area of the elevation of the wall element (1).

3. A wall element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the area of the sound-absorbing surface (10) corresponds to about 1.2 times or more the area of the elevation of the wall element (1).

4. Wall element (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (2) has an upper bearing surface (16) and a lower bearing surface (17) for stacking a plurality of wall elements (1) in a stacking direction, wherein the bearing surfaces (16, 17) are arranged at least partly substantially normal to the vertical direction (8).

5. Wall element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sound-absorbing surface (10) is at least largely covered by a solar panel (3) in a viewing direction normal to the solar panel (3).

6. Wall element (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sound-absorbing surface (10) is arranged completely within the shadow line (12) between the upper edge (28) of the lower solar panel and the lower edge (29) of the upper solar panel in a noise-protecting wall comprising the wall element.

7. Wall element (1) according to claim 6, characterised in that on at least one outer side (4) outside the solar panel (3) the body (2) has at least one bulge (6) for enlarging the sound-absorbing surface, wherein an outer edge (11) of the bulge (6) is in contact with the shadow line (12) or is located within the shadow line (12).

8. Wall element (1) according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the distance between adjacent solar panels (3) in the direction of the vertical direction (8) of the noise-protecting wall comprising the wall element (1) is chosen such that the shadow lines (12) between these solar panels (3) are arranged substantially normally on the front side of at least one solar panel (3).

9. Wall element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in an elevation view of the outer side (4) the distance between adjacent solar panels (3) in the direction of the vertical direction (8) is greater than or equal to the distance between the upper edge (28) and the lower edge (29) of the solar panels (3).

10. Wall element (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (2) essentially consists of a sound-absorbing material, preferably wood concrete.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wall element for a noise-protected wall, wherein the wall element has a main body and at least one outer side, wherein the main body has a support facing the at least one outer side, wherein at least one solar panel is arranged on the support and connected to the main body, wherein the solar panel is inclined with respect to the vertical in the direction of the upper side of the wall element, wherein the main body on the at least one outer side has at least one sound-absorbing surface which can be reached directly by incoming sound.

Background

The link between the noise protection component and the photovoltaic module and the associated overall advantages have been known fundamentally for some time. A fundamental problem with such linking is that the surface of the photovoltaic module is generally acoustically reflective and therefore diametrically opposite to the sought-after characteristics of the noise protection assembly.

An circumvention of this problem is described, for example, in DE 9318768U 1. The photovoltaic laminate is arranged parallel to the extension plane of the noise protection component on its rear side. Thus, the front side of the noise guard assembly remains unused for energy generation. In addition to this, in the vertical arrangement of the noise protection assembly, the best efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is not achieved since they are then also in the vertical arrangement.

In the other case, i.e. not for wall elements, but for existing noise protection walls, a solution to these problems is known from DE 202011004458U 1. Disclosed therein is a noise protection system in which a plurality of solar modules are arranged in an inclined manner on a noise protection wall. In this case, the solar module is connected to the support structure independently of the actually provided noise protection element, so that the solar module and the noise protection element can be exchanged independently of one another. However, this leads to the disadvantage that the overall expenditure for assembly of the noise protection wall is significantly higher than for a conventional noise protection wall (without a solar module).

To eliminate this disadvantage, a combined wall element which combines two functions, namely sound absorption and photovoltaics, has been known from KR 20180022124 a 1. The expenditure for building a corresponding noise protection wall is therefore only slightly higher than that of a conventional noise protection wall, and moreover essentially only involves the production of electrical connections. However, a disadvantage of such wall elements is their complex construction and the large number of components required in connection therewith and ultimately the high production costs.

DE 19602779 a1 discloses a wall element of the initially mentioned type, which at least partially avoids or alleviates the above-mentioned disadvantages. In this case, the wall element is formed by a prefabricated assembly, wherein the solar module is fastened to lugs integrally formed thereon. The surface of the prefabricated component that is directly accessible to horizontal incoming sound (i.e. the surface not covered by the solar module) is small compared to the entire visible surface.

DE 29706785U 1 discloses a noise protection wall in which a horizontal noise protection element is fastened between two vertically mounted supports. The noise protection wall is covered by a rectangular non-isosceles prism and is stacked in a self-supporting manner in a guide on the support. The smaller prism leg side of each prism is formed by a solar panel and arranged such that it points upwards, while the longer prism leg side is constructed as a noise protection arrangement and arranged to face downwards.

EP 1788155a2 discloses an ecological noise protection wall of light design with vertical supports anchored in the foundation and a wedge-shaped sound-absorbing element comprising sound-absorbing material and a roof for protection against weather influences. In this case, the sound-absorbing material consists of natural and renewable raw materials made of straw, stalks or fibers of plant origin.

The solutions known from KR 20180022124 a1 and DE 19602779 a1 attempt to solve the initially mentioned basic problem of the sound absorption properties of the individual elements being deteriorated by the use of solar modules, so that sound is in each case transferred into the chamber behind the solar modules in order to be absorbed there. In practice, however, such a transfer does not function sufficiently and thus does not meet the increasingly stringent requirements for the degree of sound absorption of the noise protection wall.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce this disadvantage.

The invention provides a wall element of the initially mentioned kind, wherein the sound-absorbing surface is inclined at least in certain sections with respect to the vertical and/or with respect to the longitudinal direction of the wall element, wherein the area of the sound-absorbing surface is at least equal to the area (or elevation view) of the elevation view of the wall element. In this case, the sound-absorbing surface is a part of the surface of the wall element on its outside, excluding the surface of the at least one solar panel, which can be reached directly by the incoming sound, i.e. without said sound having been reflected or deflected beforehand. Thus, a part of the surface of the wall element for the incoming sound covered by the solar panel cannot be attributed to the sound-absorbing surface. The area of the elevation of the wall element corresponds to the area of the contour of the wall element in the outer side view. Thus, more precisely, the area of the elevation of the outer side is referred to, i.e. in the viewing direction normal to the vertical and normal to the longitudinal extension of the wall element on at least one outer side. Since the sound-absorbing surface is inclined at least in some portions, its area is larger than that of its own elevation. The relative difference between the two areas depends on the tilt angle. With a 45 degree angle of inclination, the ratio of the area of the elevation to the surface area is about 1:1.4 (square root of 1: 2). It can be concluded from this that if approximately 71% of the elevation is formed by the sound-absorbing surface inclined at 45 °, while the solar panel occupies the remaining 29% of the elevation, the area of the sound-absorbing surface is at least equal to the area of the elevation of the wall element. The outer side may be the side facing the sound. In this case, the vertical direction is an axis extending between the lower side and the upper side of the wall element. The designation "vertical" is not limited to the use of wall elements which, correspondingly, can also be used for obliquely positioned noise-protection walls, without departing from the subject matter of claim 1. In the case of a noise-protected wall, which is usually positioned vertically, made of the wall elements described herein, the vertical direction corresponds to the absolute vertical direction of the noise-protected wall. The vertical direction is for example normal to the longitudinal direction of the wall element. The elevation map area as defined above then corresponds to the area of the wall element projected into the plane spanned by the vertical and longitudinal directions.

The incoming sound (sound introduction) can of course reach the sound-absorbing surface directly, but not necessarily horizontally (usually in the vertical direction). Since the majority of the sound introduction takes place from a relatively small solid angle region, it is advantageous if the area of those parts of the sound-absorbing surface which can be reached directly by sound from the noise introduction region, which comprises the angular range between the normal to the vertical and the inclination angle of 70 ° to this normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element, is (overall) at least equal to the area of the elevation of the wall element. Alternatively, the above-mentioned condition of the area of the portion of the sound-absorbing surface can already be satisfied in a noise introduction region having the following angular range: the angle between the normal of the vertical direction (which normal is briefly designated 0 in the following) and the inclination of 60 deg. to the normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element, or between 0 deg. and 50 deg., or between 0 deg. and 30 deg., or between 0 deg. and 20 deg., or between 0 deg. and 10 deg..

The area of the sound-absorbing surface may correspond to about 1.2 or more times the area of the elevation of the wall element. The sound absorption properties of the wall element are further improved due to the larger sound absorption surface, and a better sound absorption (i.e. more sound or sound energy absorption) can be achieved with a given sound absorbing material, e.g. body. Optionally, the area of those parts of the sound-absorbing surface which can be reached directly by sound entering from the noise introduction region corresponds to at least 1.2 times the area of the elevation of the (overall) wall element.

Furthermore, the main body may have an upper and a lower bearing surface for stacking the plurality of wall elements in a stacking direction, wherein the bearing surfaces are at least partially arranged substantially normal to the vertical. The bearing surface enables a plurality of wall elements to be arranged adjacent to one another in the vertical direction, so that noise protection walls of different heights can be formed depending on the number of rows of wall elements.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the sound-absorbing surface is at least largely covered by the solar panel in a viewing direction normal to the solar panel. Assuming that light normal to the solar panel enters (corresponding to optimal efficiency), the sound absorbing surface is at least mostly located in the shadow of the solar panel. This arrangement of solar panels and sound absorbing surfaces makes the use of incoming solar energy particularly high. In this case it is irrelevant whether the sound-absorbing surface passes through a solar panel of the same wall element or through a solar panel of an adjacent or neighboring wall element arranged vertically above it.

Alternatively, the sound-absorbing surface may be arranged completely within the shadow line between the upper edge of the lower solar panel and the lower edge of the upper solar panel in the noise-protecting wall comprising the wall element. In this way, it can be avoided that the contour of the sound-absorbing surface adversely affects the efficiency of the solar panel by shading.

In this connection, according to a particular embodiment of the body, on at least one outer side of the exterior of the solar panel, the body may have at least one elevation for enlarging the sound-absorbing surface, wherein an outer edge of the elevation is in contact with or lies within the shadow line. With such a projection, it is possible to optimally utilize such a projection inside the shadow line for enlarging the sound-absorbing surface without adversely affecting the efficiency of the solar panel (same or adjacent wall element) which may be arranged therebelow.

Alternatively or additionally, the distance between adjacent solar panels in the vertical direction of the noise-protecting wall comprising the wall elements may be selected such that the hatching lines between these solar panels are arranged substantially normally on the front side of at least one solar panel. In this arrangement, the upper solar panel does not cast any shadow on the lower solar panel, provided that light enters the solar panel normally (corresponding to optimal efficiency). Optimal utilization of the available photovoltaic area can thus be achieved.

Furthermore, in the outer side view, the distance between adjacent solar panels in the vertical direction may be greater than or equal to the distance between the upper and lower edges of the solar panels. In other words, in this configuration, the solar panel occupies 50% or less of the elevation view. As a result, a very flat inclination angle (less than 30 °) and the accompanying very sharp edges (less than 60 °) of the sound-absorbing surface can be avoided, which can have a limiting effect on the materials that can be used for the body without compromising its structural integrity.

The body may, for example, consist essentially of sound-absorbing material. The sound absorbing material may be adapted to form a support structure for a solar panel. Materials having a sound absorption of, for example, at least 4dB are understood here as sound-absorbing materials. The sound absorbing material may be, for example, wood concrete (or "wood crete", german: "holzbeta"). Within the framework of the present disclosure, the body may also consist of another sound-absorbing material, for example of porous concrete.

Drawings

In the following, the invention will be explained in further detail with reference to exemplary embodiments which are particularly preferred, but are not to be construed as being limited thereto, and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures show in detail:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of the disclosed wall element;

fig. 2 schematically shows a vertical cross-section of a first embodiment of the disclosed wall element;

fig. 3 schematically shows a vertical section of a noise-protecting wall with wall elements arranged on both sides;

fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a wall module with wall elements arranged on both sides; and

fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a noise-protecting wall with wall elements arranged on both sides.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 and 2 show a wall element 1 for a noise-protected wall. The wall element 1 comprises a body 2 made of wood concrete and a solar panel 3. The wall element 1 has an outer side 4 (also the front side). The body 2 has two protrusions 5, 6 or projections on the outer side 4. The first protrusion 5 forms a support 7 towards the outer side 4, on which support 7 the solar panel 3 is arranged and connected to the main body 2. The solar panels 3 are inclined with respect to the vertical 8 in the direction of the upper side 9 of the wall element 1.

In addition, the body 2 has on the outside 4 a sound-absorbing surface 10, which sound-absorbing surface 10 can be reached directly by incoming sound from a noise-introducing region corresponding to an angular range 34 from the normal (i.e. parallel to the normal 32) or as far as an inclination 33 of 45 ° below the normal 32 to the vertical 8. The second bulge 6 is arranged outside the solar panel 3, more precisely beside or near the solar panel 3, and serves to enlarge the sound absorption surface 10, wherein an outer edge 11 of the bulge 6 is in contact with a shadow line 12 below the solar panel 3, such that the bulge 6 is located within the shadow line. In the viewing direction normal to the solar panel 3, the sound absorption surface 10 is completely covered by the solar panel 3.

Due to the geometry of the second protrusion 6 (having a triangular profile), the sound-absorbing surface 10 is substantially divided into three portions 13, 14 and 15, which are inclined or normal with respect to the vertical direction 8 of the wall element 1. The area of the sound-absorbing surface 10 is larger than the area of the relief pattern of the wall element 1, for example about 1.2 times.

The body 2 comprises an upper bearing surface 16 and a lower bearing surface 17 for stacking a plurality of wall elements 1 in the stacking direction (compare fig. 3). The support surfaces 16, 17 are in most cases arranged substantially normal to the vertical direction 8.

In the described possible embodiment, the sound-absorbing surface 10 has, in addition to the three inclined or horizontal portions 13, 14 and 15, a fourth portion 18 arranged parallel to the vertical between the two elevations 5, 6, which fourth portion should avoid a possibly problematic acute angle between the two elevations 5, 6 during manufacture. For the same reason, the tip (outer edge) of the first projection 5 is inclined.

Fig. 3 shows a noise-protection wall 19, in which a plurality of wall elements 22 are arranged on top of one another on both sides 20, 21. Each wall element 22 is composed of two modules 23, 24, wherein each module 23, 24 corresponds to the wall element 1 according to the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2, respectively, and the two modules 23, 24 comprise a common continuous body 25, so that the two modules 23, 24 together form the wall element 22 (and thus have respectively two solar panels). The noise protection wall 19 comprises a support core 26, for example made of reinforced concrete or of framed light structures between steel uprights (upright spacing 165, 200 or 500 cm), and a base region 27 made of concrete.

The distance in the vertical direction between adjacent solar panels 3 of the noise-protecting wall 19 is chosen such that the shadow lines 12 between these solar panels 3 are substantially normal to the outer sides of the solar panels 3 which are arranged in parallel in this example. In a side view of the outer side 4 (not shown, but recognizable from the depicted outline), the distance in the vertical direction between adjacent solar panels 3 (e.g. 14cm) is greater than or equal to the distance between the upper edge 28 and the lower edge 29 of the solar panel 3 (e.g. 11 cm). In each case, the sound-absorbing surface 10 of the wall element 22 is arranged completely within the shadow line 12 between the upper edge 28 of the lower solar panel 3 and the lower edge 29 of the upper solar panel 3.

The wall elements 22 are stacked (module height of e.g. 25cm and corresponding element height of e.g. 50cm) such that the support surfaces 16, 17 of adjacent wall elements 22 are in contact with each other. The width of the solar panel 3 is for example 16.5 cm. The respective wall element 22 is connected to the support core 26, for example by gluing or screwing.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a part of the noise-protecting wall 19 corresponding to the wall module. The wall module comprises a portion of the core 26. On both sides 20, 21 of the core part, respectively, one wall element 22 with a continuous body 25 is arranged. In this case, each strip-like element comprises two modules 23, 24, each of which is equipped with a solar panel 3. The wall module depicted here has a dimension of about 50cm, for example, in the vertical direction 8 (height). Thus, each module 23, 24 or row of modules is about 25cm high. In this case, the solar panel 3 is about 16.5cm wide. Alternatively, a wall module of such a height may be provided with three rows of modules, wherein the solar panels have a width of about 12.5 cm. However, it is also feasible to provide the wall module with only one row of modules, for example with a height of 25 cm.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a noise-protecting wall 19 with wall elements comparable to those of fig. 3 arranged on both sides. The noise-protection wall 19 is divided in the longitudinal direction into portions each delimited by a steel upright 30, supported and anchored on the ground. The noise-protection wall portions 31 adjacent in the longitudinal direction are shown with broken lines in fig. 5 in order to show the continuity of the noise-protection wall by repeating or juxtaposing a plurality of noise-protection wall portions row by row.