阅读说明：本技术 利用沙棘果粉制备悬浮性颗粒鱼饲料的方法 (Method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using sea buckthorn fruit powder ) 是由 王爱勤 惠爱平 杨芳芳 康玉茹 黄正君 于 2021-03-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用沙棘果粉制备悬浮性颗粒鱼饲料的方法,是将凹凸棒石、红景天和沙棘果粉混合物搅拌混合均匀后,在其表面喷洒油脂、植物油和植物精油的混合液,搅拌混合均匀后再依次喷洒柠檬酸和海藻酸钠溶液,所得物料经搅拌、烘干、包装即得。本发明采用简单的工艺,通过调节油脂配比、交联剂作用方式、烘干温度,利用沙棘果粉热融后具有强的黏性和油脂热融冷固原理,进一步与海藻酸钠之间发生作用,一锅法制备得到具有悬浮性良好的颗粒鱼饲料,所得颗粒小球的粒径可控,且颗粒鱼饲料具有较优的抗菌活性。且可以一次出料2t及以上,实现工业化大生产的需求。(The invention discloses a method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by utilizing seabuckthorn fruit powder, which comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and mixing a mixture of attapulgite, rhodiola rosea and seabuckthorn fruit powder, spraying a mixed solution of grease, vegetable oil and plant essential oil on the surface of the mixture, uniformly stirring and mixing, then sequentially spraying citric acid and sodium alginate solution, stirring, drying and packaging the obtained material. The invention adopts a simple process, regulates the oil-fat ratio, the action mode of the cross-linking agent and the drying temperature, utilizes the principle that the seabuckthorn fruit powder has strong viscosity after being melted and the grease is melted and cooled and solidified, and further acts with the sodium alginate, and prepares the granular fish feed with good suspension property by a one-pot method, the particle size of the obtained granular pellets is controllable, and the granular fish feed has better antibacterial activity. And 2t or more can be discharged at one time, so that the requirement of industrial mass production is met.)

1. A method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by utilizing sea buckthorn fruit powder comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and mixing attapulgite, rhodiola rosea and sea buckthorn fruit powder at 55-75 ℃, spraying a mixed solution of grease, vegetable oil and plant essential oil on the surface of the mixture, uniformly stirring and mixing, then sequentially spraying citric acid and sodium alginate solution, and stirring, granulating, drying and packaging the obtained material to obtain the feed; the attapulgite is the attapulgite for the feed obtained by wet acidification, desanding, purification and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve; the radix Rhodiolae is radix Rhodiolae extract extracted from radix Rhodiolae of Crassulaceae, and is obtained by refining, concentrating, and drying; the seabuckthorn fruit powder is obtained by spray drying seabuckthorn raw juice; the mass ratio of the attapulgite to the rhodiola rosea to the sea buckthorn fruit powder is 100: 1.5: 2-100: 2.5: 5.

2. The method for preparing suspended granulated fish feed from seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the amount of the mixed liquid of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil is 10-20% of the mass of the attapulgite.

3. The method for preparing suspended granulated fish feed from seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dosage of the citric acid is 1-2% of the mass of the attapulgite.

4. The method for preparing suspended granulated fish feed from seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 0.75-1.5%, and the using amount of the sodium alginate is 25-32% of the mass of the attapulgite.

5. The method for preparing suspended granulated fish feed from seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the mixed liquid plant of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil, the grease is one of linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and soybean oil.

6. The method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the mixed liquid of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil, the grease is mixed grease of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monolaurate, and the ratio of the glyceryl monostearate to the glyceryl monolaurate is 1: 4.

7. The method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vegetable oil is one of linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and soybean oil.

8. The method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the mixed liquid of the grease, the vegetable oil and the plant essential oil, the plant essential oil is one of oregano oil, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, citral, garlicin, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil and litsea cubeba oil.

9. The method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the mixed liquid of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil, the mass ratio of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil is 100: 5: 2.5-100: 15: 10.

10. The method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by using seabuckthorn fruit powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotating speed of the stirring granulation is 240-420 rpm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of suspended granular fish feed, in particular to a method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by utilizing seabuckthorn fruit powder, which realizes the preparation of granules and feed and has better suspension property, and belongs to the field of nano mineral functional materials and feed processing.

Background

The granulated feed is widely used in the breeding industry, and particularly, the granulated feed is widely used in the fishery production. The existing granular feed preparation technology is mainly realized by a granulator or extrusion equipment, and the mixed materials are simply blended and then realized by mechanical action. How to break through the traditional processing mode and develop a novel granulation technology and a technology with good suspension property is a difficult problem for preparing suspended particle fish feed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by utilizing seabuckthorn fruit powder, which is characterized in that on one hand, a one-pot method is realized to prepare granular fish feed, the size of the obtained granular fish feed is controllable, on the other hand, the seabuckthorn fruit powder has stronger viscosity after being melted and a principle of hot melting and cold solidification of grease, and the hydrophilic and oleophilic effects of the obtained granular fish feed are regulated and controlled by regulating the grease proportion, the action mode of a cross-linking agent and the drying temperature, so that the granular fish feed with good suspension is developed, the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved, and meanwhile, the feed is endowed with an antibacterial function.

Method for preparing suspended granular fish feed by utilizing sea buckthorn fruit powder

Uniformly stirring and mixing attapulgite, rhodiola rosea and sea buckthorn fruit powder at 50-70 ℃, spraying a mixed solution of grease, vegetable oil and plant essential oil on the surface of the attapulgite, rhodiola rosea and sea buckthorn fruit powder, uniformly stirring and mixing, then sequentially spraying citric acid and sodium alginate solutions, and stirring, granulating, drying and packaging the obtained material to obtain the sea buckthorn fruit powder.

The attapulgite is prepared by wet acidification, desanding, purification and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve; the radix Rhodiolae is radix Rhodiolae extract extracted from radix Rhodiolae of Crassulaceae, and is obtained by refining, concentrating, and drying; the fructus Hippophae powder is prepared by spray drying fructus Hippophae raw pulp. The mass ratio of the attapulgite to the rhodiola rosea to the sea buckthorn fruit powder is 100: 1.5: 2-100: 2.5: 5.

In the mixed liquid of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil, the mass ratio of the grease, the vegetable oil and the vegetable essential oil is 100: 5: 2.5-100: 15: 10. The dosage of the mixed liquid is 10-20% of the mass of the attapulgite. Wherein the oil is one of linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and soybean oil, or is mixed oil of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monolaurate, and the ratio of the glyceryl monostearate to the glyceryl monolaurate is 1: 4. The vegetable oil is one of linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and soybean oil. The plant essential oil is one of origanum oil, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, citral, garlicin, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, and pungent litse fruit oil. The system realizes the regulation and control of the surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and the antibacterial performance of the granular fish feed by adjusting the proportion of the grease, the vegetable oil and the plant essential oil in the mixed solution.

The dosage of the citric acid is 1-2% of the mass of the attapulgite. The citric acid is used for adjusting the hardness and acid value of the granular fish feed.

The mass concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 0.75-1.5%, and the using amount of the sodium alginate is 25-32% of the mass of the attapulgite. Sodium alginate is used as a binder, the mixed materials are bonded together under the action of mechanical force, and the adjustment of the system bonding degree is realized through the action of the concentration of the sodium alginate and the rhodiola rosea and the seabuckthorn fruit powder in a certain proportion, so that the regulation and control of the particle size of the particle globules are realized.

The rotating speed of the stirring granulation is 240-420 rpm. And the drying is to remove water from the obtained granular pellets by drying at 110-140 ℃.

Secondly, evaluating the suspension performance of the suspended particle fish feed

FIG. 1 is a digital photograph of granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention. It can be seen that the obtained granulated fish feed is in the form of round pellets, and the particle size distribution is uniform, which indicates that the technique realizes the successful preparation of small-size granulated fish feed in a stirring tank.

Fig. 2 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after being poured into water. The particles can be seen to be suspended on the surface of water, and have better suspension property.

FIG. 3 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after being poured into water and slowly stirred for 30 min. It can be seen that part of the granular pellets still suspend on the surface of the aqueous solution after the simulated stirring is carried out for 30min, which shows that the technology can achieve the purpose of effectively suspending the granular fish feed in the water.

FIG. 4 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention, which was slowly stirred for 2 hours after being poured into water. It can be seen that the granular pellets were fully immersed in the aqueous solution after 2h of simulated stirring.

FIG. 5 is a digital photograph showing the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after pouring it into water, slowly stirring for 2 hours, and pouring out the water. The appearance of the pellets is kept complete after 2 hours, the pellets have good water resistance, the loss of functional components is effectively protected, the utilization efficiency of the functional components is further improved, and the effective adjustment of the hydrophobicity of the pellet fish feed is proved to be realized by the technology.

FIG. 6 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after pouring it into water, slowly stirring for 2 hours, pouring out the water, and lightly pressing, which shows that the structure of the obtained granulated fish feed is not strongly adhered together.

Third, testing the diameter and antibacterial performance of the suspended pellet fish feed pellet

The diameter of the pellet was measured using a ruler to measure the average of 6 pellets. The antibacterial performance was measured by grinding the pellets into powder using the minimum inhibitory concentration method, and the evaluation method was referenced to the sterilization specification (2002 edition).

Table 1 shows the diameters of the pellets obtained in the present invention. It can be seen that the pellets obtained in the examples have a diameter of 0.5mm at the minimum and 3mm at the maximum. The particle size of the small ball is different with different processes, and the particle size of the small ball can be regulated and controlled by adjusting process parameters.

Table 2 shows the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the granulated fish feed obtained according to the present invention. The obtained granular fish feed has excellent antibacterial activity, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can reach 0.4mg/mL and 0.1mg/mL respectively.

In conclusion, the invention adopts a simple process, the oil and fat ratio, the cross-linking agent action mode and the drying temperature are adjusted, the seabuckthorn fruit powder has strong viscosity after being melted, the oil and fat are further reacted with the sodium alginate by utilizing the principle that the seabuckthorn fruit powder has strong viscosity after being melted, and the action is further carried out between the seabuckthorn fruit powder and the sodium alginate, the particle size of the obtained pellet is controllable, and the pellet fish feed has excellent antibacterial activity. And 2t or more can be discharged at one time, so that the requirement of industrial mass production is met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a digital photograph of granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after being poured into water.

FIG. 3 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after being poured into water and slowly stirred for 30 min.

FIG. 4 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention, which was slowly stirred for 2 hours after being poured into water.

FIG. 5 is a digital photograph showing the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after pouring it into water, slowly stirring for 2 hours, and pouring out the water.

FIG. 6 is a digital photograph of the granulated fish feed obtained in example 2 of the present invention after pouring it into water, slowly stirring for 2 hours, pouring out the water, and lightly pressing.

Detailed Description

The preparation and antibacterial properties of the suspended granular fish feed of the present invention are described in detail below by way of specific examples.

Example 1

100 parts of attapulgite, 1.5 parts of rhodiola rosea and 2.5 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder are added into a reaction tank at 55 ℃ together and stirred and mixed evenly, then 15 parts of mixed liquid of grease, linseed oil and oregano oil (the mass ratio of the grease, the linseed oil and the oregano oil is 100: 5: 2.5) is sprayed, stirring is carried out for 30min, then 1.5 parts of citric acid and 25 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% are sprayed, stirring is carried out for 60min (the rotating speed is 240 rpm), and the obtained granular pellets are dried at 130 ℃ and packaged to obtain the granular microspheres. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 1.2mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 2

Adding 100 parts of attapulgite, 2 parts of rhodiola rosea and 3 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder into a 65 ℃ reaction tank, uniformly stirring and mixing, then spraying 10 parts of a mixed solution of oil, soybean oil and carvacrol (the mass ratio of the oil, the soybean oil and the carvacrol is 100: 7.5: 5), stirring for 30min, then spraying 1.25 parts of citric acid and 32 parts of a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring for 60min (the rotation speed is 360 rpm) and the rotation speed is 7Hz, and drying and packaging the obtained granular pellets at 140 ℃. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 0.5mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 3

100 parts of attapulgite, 2.5 parts of rhodiola rosea and 2.5 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder are added into a reaction tank at 75 ℃ together and stirred and mixed evenly, then 20 parts of mixed liquid of grease, rapeseed oil and cinnamaldehyde is sprayed (the mass ratio of the grease, the rapeseed oil and the cinnamaldehyde is 100: 10: 7.5), stirring is carried out for 30min, 2 parts of citric acid and 26 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1.5 percent are sprayed, stirring is carried out for 60min (the rotating speed is 420 rpm), and the obtained granular pellets are dried at 110 ℃ and packaged to obtain the sea buckthorn oil. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 2.7mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 4

100 parts of attapulgite, 1.75 parts of rhodiola rosea and 5 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder are added into a reaction tank at 60 ℃ together and stirred and mixed evenly, then 15 parts of mixed liquid of grease, palm oil and tea tree oil (the mass ratio of the grease, the palm oil and the tea tree oil is 100: 15: 10) is sprayed, stirring is carried out for 30min, then 1.75 parts of citric acid and 30 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% are sprayed, stirring is carried out for 60min (the rotating speed is 300 rpm), and the obtained granular pellets are dried at 120 ℃ and packaged to obtain the sea buckthorn oil. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 1.3mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 5

100 parts of attapulgite, 2.5 parts of rhodiola rosea and 4 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder are added into a reaction tank at 70 ℃ together and stirred and mixed evenly, then 17.5 parts of mixed solution of grease, linseed oil and eucalyptus oil (the mass ratio of the grease, the linseed oil and the eucalyptus oil is 100: 5: 10) is sprayed, stirring is carried out for 30min, then 2 parts of citric acid and 27 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1.5% are sprayed, stirring is carried out for 60min (the rotating speed is 240 rpm), and the obtained granular microspheres are dried at 130 ℃ and packaged to obtain the sea buckthorn fruit granules. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 1.8 mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 6

100 parts of attapulgite, 2 parts of rhodiola rosea and 3.5 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder are added into a reaction tank at 75 ℃ and stirred and mixed evenly, then 15 parts of mixed solution of grease, palm oil and garlicin (the mass ratio of the grease, the palm oil and the garlicin is 100: 10: 2.5) is sprayed, stirring is carried out for 30min, then 1.5 parts of citric acid and 28 parts of sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.75% are sprayed, stirring is carried out for 60min (the rotating speed is 360 rpm), and the obtained granular pellets are dried at 115 ℃ and packaged to obtain the sea buckthorn oil-based microsphere. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 2.5mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.

Example 7

Adding 100 parts of attapulgite, 2.5 parts of rhodiola rosea and 3 parts of seabuckthorn fruit powder into a 65 ℃ reaction tank, uniformly stirring and mixing, then spraying 12.5 parts of a mixed solution of grease, soybean oil and litsea cubeba oil (the mass ratio of the grease, the soybean oil and the litsea cubeba oil is 100: 7.5: 7.5), stirring for 30min, then spraying 1 part of citric acid and 29 parts of a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring for 60min (the rotating speed is 300 rpm), drying the obtained granular pellets at 125 ℃, and packaging. The resulting granular pellets had an average diameter of 3mm (Table 1); the bacteriostatic properties are shown in table 2.