阅读说明：本技术 一种南瓜育种杂交授粉方法 (Pumpkin breeding hybrid pollination method ) 是由 刘�英 于守江 刘在民 张丽茁 于 2020-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种南瓜育种杂交授粉方法属于农业育种技术；本方法通过父本与母本种植、铁丝绑线准备、南瓜母本植株选取及夹花、南瓜父本植株选取及夹花、南瓜人工杂交授粉步骤得到南瓜杂交种子,所述南瓜人工杂交授粉是在距离雌花花托顶端1cm的花冠处用一只手掐出小洞,用另一支手通过小洞将已经剥去花冠的雄蕊直送至雌花内部,同时用手轻抹柱头,使花粉粒粘附在柱头上完成授粉,利用雄花花柄及花托将小洞封堵,达到闭合；本方法步骤简单,操作容易,省工省力省时,杂交授粉作业效率高、质量好。(A pumpkin breeding cross pollination method belongs to the agricultural breeding technology; the method comprises the steps of planting male parents and female parents, preparing iron wire binding wires, selecting and clamping pumpkin female parent plants, selecting and clamping pumpkin male parent plants, and artificially hybridizing and pollinating pumpkins to obtain hybrid pumpkins, wherein in the artificial hybridization and pollination of pumpkins, a small hole is formed in a crown part 1cm away from the top end of a female receptacle by using one hand, the stamen with the crown removed is directly conveyed into the female flower by using the other hand through the small hole, meanwhile, a stigma is lightly smeared by using the hand, pollen grains are adhered to the stigma to complete pollination, and the small hole is blocked by using a male flower stalk and the receptacle to achieve closing; the method has the advantages of simple steps, easy operation, labor and time saving, high efficiency of hybrid pollination operation and good quality.)

1. A cross pollination method for pumpkin breeding comprises the following steps:

planting male parents and female parents: selecting pumpkin male parents and pumpkin female parents to perform seed value division; the method is characterized in that:

preparing iron wire binding: cutting the iron wire into a segment-shaped iron wire binding wire with the length of 30cm, and binding the iron wire into bundles for later use;

thirdly, selecting and clipping flowers of the female pumpkin plants: giving up the first section of female flowers, selecting female flowers which can be opened in the second day and the third day, taking out one iron wire binding wire from the bundled iron wire binding wires, folding the iron wire binding wire twice to form a double-layer U-shaped clamp, and clamping the female flowers of the female parent of the pumpkin by using the double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fourthly, selecting male parent plants of the pumpkins and clipping flowers: selecting male flower buds which can be opened in the next day, and clamping flowers by using a double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fifthly, artificial hybridization pollination of pumpkins: after the pumpkin grows for 2-3 hours, carrying out artificial hybridization pollination operation on the pumpkin between 6-8 points of the day when the female flowers open; the method comprises the following steps: pinching out a small hole at the position of the corolla 1cm away from the top end of the female receptacle by one hand, directly sending the stamen with the corolla stripped to the interior of the female flower by the other hand through the small hole, slightly applying force to enable the inclined receptacle to enter the interior of the female flower, and lightly wiping the stigma by the hand to enable pollen grains to be adhered to the stigma to finish pollination; then, the stamens are not taken out, the male flower stems are pulled outwards slightly, the small holes are plugged by the male flower stems and the flower holders, and the closing and the tagging marking are achieved;

sixthly, harvesting the pumpkin hybrid seeds: obtaining the pumpkin hybrid seeds produced in the fruits after natural ripening.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to an agricultural breeding technology, and mainly relates to a pumpkin breeding hybrid pollination method.

Background

Pumpkin belongs to a male and female isogenous plant, and artificial hybrid pollination is needed in the breeding process. At present, in the pumpkin breeding process, flower pinching and isolation are adopted for cross pollination, and tying ropes or bags are adopted after pollination. The method comprises the following steps: the crowns of the female flowers capable of pollinating are tied in the afternoon one day before pollination, and then the flowers are tied; and (4) releasing flowers on the day of pollination, and tying or bagging again after pollination. The flower tying and bagging are carried out in advance, and tying or bagging is carried out after pollination. The method is labor-consuming, has more steps and is more complicated to operate; at present, the flower inlay adopts a plastic tearing film or a lead wire as a material, and the flower inlay has long degradation time after falling into the soil and pollutes the environment for a long time. In addition, the flower-removing process is complicated and time-consuming, the pumpkin flower crowns are thin and crisp, the flower crowns are broken easily due to flower tying, flower-removing and flower tying again, and the sealing and isolating effects are not ideal.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a novel pumpkin breeding hybrid pollination method by combining the actual needs of pumpkin breeding hybrid pollination operation, so that the aims of simplifying the steps of the hybrid pollination operation, being simple and convenient to operate, saving labor, time and labor, not easily breaking the corolla of a female flower, having good sealing and isolating effects and improving the hybrid pollination rate are fulfilled.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the cross pollination method for pumpkin breeding comprises the following steps:

planting male parents and female parents: selecting pumpkin male parents and pumpkin female parents to perform seed value division;

preparing iron wire binding: cutting the iron wire into a segment-shaped iron wire binding wire with the length of 30cm, and binding the iron wire into bundles for later use;

thirdly, selecting and clipping flowers of the female pumpkin plants: giving up the first section of female flowers, selecting female flowers which can be opened in the second day and the third day, taking out one iron wire binding wire from the bundled iron wire binding wires, folding the iron wire binding wire twice to form a double-layer U-shaped clamp, and clamping the female flowers of the female parent of the pumpkin by using the double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fourthly, selecting male parent plants of the pumpkins and clipping flowers: selecting male flower buds which can be opened in the next day, and clamping flowers by using a double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fifthly, artificial hybridization pollination of pumpkins: after the pumpkin grows for 2-3 hours, carrying out artificial hybridization pollination operation on the pumpkin between 6-8 points of the day when the female flowers open; the method comprises the following steps: pinching out a small hole at the position of the corolla 1cm away from the top end of the female receptacle by one hand, directly sending the stamen with the corolla stripped to the interior of the female flower by the other hand through the small hole, slightly applying force to enable the inclined receptacle to enter the interior of the female flower, and lightly wiping the stigma by the hand to enable pollen grains to be adhered to the stigma to finish pollination; then, the stamens are not taken out, the male flower stems are pulled outwards slightly, the small holes are plugged by the male flower stems and the flower holders, and the closing and the tagging marking are achieved;

sixthly, harvesting the pumpkin hybrid seeds: obtaining the pumpkin hybrid seeds produced in the fruits after natural ripening.

The method solves the problem that the artificial hybridization pollination pollutes the environment in the prior pumpkin breeding process, particularly omits the operation steps of flower releasing and flower tying on the day of pollination, pinches a small hole at the flower crown of the female flower by hands, directly sends the stamen with the flower crown stripped off to the interior of the female flower by utilizing the small hole to complete the hybridization pollination, and has the characteristics of simple method, easy operation, labor, time and labor saving, high operation efficiency of hybridization pollination and good quality.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

A cross pollination method for pumpkin breeding comprises the following steps:

planting male parents and female parents: selecting pumpkin male parents and pumpkin female parents to perform seed value division;

preparing iron wire binding: cutting the iron wire into a segment-shaped iron wire binding wire with the length of 30cm, and binding the iron wire into bundles for later use;

thirdly, selecting and clipping flowers of the female pumpkin plants: giving up the first section of female flowers, selecting female flowers which can be opened in the second day and the third day, taking out one iron wire binding wire from the bundled iron wire binding wires, folding the iron wire binding wire twice to form a double-layer U-shaped clamp, and clamping the female flowers of the female parent of the pumpkin by using the double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fourthly, selecting male parent plants of the pumpkins and clipping flowers: selecting male flower buds which can be opened in the next day, and clamping flowers by using a double-layer U-shaped clamp iron wire binding wire;

fifthly, artificial hybridization pollination of pumpkins: after the pumpkin grows for 2-3 hours, carrying out artificial hybridization pollination operation on the pumpkin between 6-8 points of the day when the female flowers open; the method comprises the following steps: pinching out a small hole at the position of the corolla 1cm away from the top end of the female receptacle by one hand, directly sending the stamen with the corolla stripped to the interior of the female flower by the other hand through the small hole, slightly applying force to enable the inclined receptacle to enter the interior of the female flower, and lightly wiping the stigma by the hand to enable pollen grains to be adhered to the stigma to finish pollination; then, the stamens are not taken out, the male flower stems are pulled outwards slightly, the small holes are plugged by the male flower stems and the flower holders, and the closing and the tagging marking are achieved;

sixthly, harvesting the pumpkin hybrid seeds: obtaining the pumpkin hybrid seeds produced in the fruits after natural ripening.