阅读说明：本技术 一种植物源杀虫剂及其制备方法和应用 (Botanical insecticide and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 袁华杨 杜蕾 张玉波 于 2021-01-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种植物源杀虫剂及其制备方法和应用,所述植物源杀虫剂包括下列重量组份的原料制备而成：花椒加工下脚料25～35份、烟草加工下脚料25～35份、茶叶加工下脚料20～30份、苦参15～25份、雷公藤15～25份、大蒜汁10～20份、洋葱汁10～20份和醋酸3～8份。采用本发明所述方法制备的植物源杀虫剂,具有组分简单,使用安全方便,对农作物无污染,无残留,其杀虫效果好,害虫不易产生抗药性,且杀虫广谱,对多种农作物的多种害虫具有防治和杀死作用,并对人畜无毒,其来源广泛,制备方法简单,易于大规模生产,有利于推广应用。(The invention relates to a botanical pesticide and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the botanical pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25-35 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20-30 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15-25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-20 parts of garlic juice, 10-20 parts of onion juice and 3-8 parts of acetic acid. The botanical pesticide prepared by the method has the advantages of simple components, safe and convenient use, no pollution and residue on crops, good pesticidal effect, difficult generation of drug resistance of pests, broad pesticidal spectrum, prevention and killing effects on various pests of various crops, no toxicity to people and livestock, wide source, simple preparation method, easy large-scale production and contribution to popularization and application.)

1. The botanical pesticide is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25-35 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20-30 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15-25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-20 parts of garlic juice, 10-20 parts of onion juice and 3-8 parts of acetic acid.

2. The botanical pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the botanical pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25-30 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20-25 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15-20 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15-20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-15 parts of garlic juice, 10-15 parts of onion juice and 3-6 parts of acetic acid.

3. The botanical pesticide according to claim 2, wherein the botanical pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 28 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 23 parts of tea processing leftovers, 17 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 16 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12 parts of garlic juice, 12 parts of onion juice and 4 parts of acetic acid.

4. The preparation method of the botanical pesticide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant concentrate: mixing and crushing pepper processing leftovers, tobacco processing leftovers, tea processing leftovers, radix sophorae flavescentis and tripterygium wilfordii into coarse powder according to the raw material ratio, putting the crushed coarse powder into a container, adding distilled water with the weight being 4-8 times of that of the coarse powder, decocting and extracting for 2-3 times, extracting for 0.5-1.5 hours each time, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, combining extracting solutions, and performing flash evaporation concentration on the obtained extracting solution at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ by using a vacuum film concentration device to obtain 1/10-1/14 of the original volume to obtain a plant concentrate;

(2) preparing garlic juice and onion juice: taking garlic according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain garlic powder, mixing the garlic powder with 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1:1, soaking for 3-5 d, filtering, respectively collecting garlic filter residues and garlic filtrate, and adjusting the pH of the garlic filtrate to 6.5-7.0 to obtain garlic juice; taking onions according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain onion powder, mixing the onion powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2-3, putting the mixture into a centrifugal stirrer to be mixed and stirred at a stirring speed of 300-400 r/min for 1-2h, stirring and filtering, and respectively collecting onion filter residues and onion filtrate, wherein the onion filtrate is onion juice;

(3) preparing a botanical pesticide: mixing the filter residue collected in the step (1) and the garlic filter residue and the onion filter residue collected in the step (2), adding 4-8 times of distilled water by weight, soaking for 5-10 hours, performing circulating percolation at a filtering speed of 2-4 cm/s for 1.5-2 hours until the filtrate is colorless, discarding the residue, concentrating the filtrate until the solid content is 55-60%, and collecting the concentrated filtrate; and (3) adding the plant concentrate collected in the step (1) and the garlic juice and the onion juice collected in the step (2) into the filtrate, simultaneously adding acetic acid into the filtrate according to the raw material ratio, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is the botanical pesticide.

5. The preparation method of the botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the process of preparing the botanical insecticide in the step (3), adding 15-25% of emulsifier and 55-65% of water into the mixed solution formed after uniform mixing to prepare the botanical insecticide in the form of microemulsion, wherein the emulsifier is tween-80 with the HLB value of 15; or adding 70-80% of filler into the mixed solution to prepare the granular botanical pesticide, wherein the filler is one or more of humic acid, bentonite, kaolin, white carbon black, straw powder or wood powder which are mixed according to any ratio.

6. The use of a botanical pesticide as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the botanical insecticide is diluted and then sprayed on leaf surfaces of crops to prevent and treat crop diseases and insect pests, wherein the crops comprise melons, fruits, vegetables, tobacco leaves and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the plant diseases and insect pests include red spider, aphid, locust, black cutworm, whitefly, bemisia tabaci, cabbage caterpillar, leaf roller, scale insect, diamond back moth and armyworm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of botanical insecticides, and particularly relates to a botanical insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In the agricultural production process, whether plant cultivation or vegetable cultivation is adopted, in order to prevent various drug pests, pesticide is generally used, the pesticide is mainly used for preventing and controlling agricultural pests, and the pesticide is widely used. The insecticides commonly used in the market at present mainly comprise chemical insecticides and environment-friendly insecticides. Although the chemical pesticide has high-efficiency and reliable prevention and control effects, the problem of residual pollution is serious, the chemical pesticide has great harm to the health of soil, air, underground water, rivers, lakes, agricultural products and human beings, and the chemical pesticide is easy to accumulate in animals and plants to cause the enrichment of pollutants. Meanwhile, the chemical insecticide is adopted, so that various pests can generate drug resistance and drug resistance, the difficulty of prevention and control is increased, and even the prevention and control failure is caused. In addition, chemical pesticides pose a threat to beneficial organisms because they are not selective. The environment-friendly pesticide mainly comprises microbial pesticide and botanical pesticide. The microbial insecticide has strict requirements on microbial culture conditions, high production cost, complex operation technology and difficult control by users, and the popularization and the use of the microbial insecticide are influenced. The botanical pesticide has no environmental pollution, no harm to human and animal, low pest resistance, wide material source, low cost, simple operation and easy control.

The botanical pesticide has the features of no environmental pollution, no chemical damage to crop, no residue, no pollution to farm product, high safety to human body and farm animal, less resistance to pests, low development cost, etc. In the present day of advocating green pesticide vigorously and developing sustainable agriculture, active research and development of plant source pesticide have profound significance for protecting environment, promoting agricultural development and ensuring grain safety and body health. Along with the improvement of the living standard of people, the quality requirement on agricultural products is high, the agricultural products are eaten well and healthy, and the development of nontoxic and pollution-free high-efficiency botanical insecticides is also the development direction of pesticides.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a botanical pesticide which has no phytotoxicity to crops, no residue and no pollution to the environment and agricultural products, is not easy to cause pesticide resistance to pests, has high safety, good control effect, wide insecticidal spectrum and low cost, can be widely used for preventing and killing the pests in agricultural production, and has quick response and long lasting effect, in particular to a botanical pesticide and a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25-35 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20-30 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15-25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-20 parts of garlic juice, 10-20 parts of onion juice and 3-8 parts of acetic acid.

Further, the botanical pesticide provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25-30 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20-25 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15-20 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15-20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10-15 parts of garlic juice, 10-15 parts of onion juice and 3-6 parts of acetic acid.

Further, as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the botanical pesticide comprises the following raw materials by weight: 32 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 28 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 23 parts of tea processing leftovers, 17 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 16 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12 parts of garlic juice, 12 parts of onion juice and 4 parts of acetic acid.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the botanical pesticide, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant concentrate: mixing and crushing pepper processing leftovers, tobacco processing leftovers, tea processing leftovers, radix sophorae flavescentis and tripterygium wilfordii into coarse powder according to the raw material ratio, putting the crushed coarse powder into a container, adding distilled water with the weight being 4-8 times of that of the coarse powder, decocting and extracting for 2-3 times, extracting for 0.5-1.5 hours each time, performing suction filtration, collecting filter residues, combining extracting solutions, and performing flash evaporation concentration on the obtained extracting solution at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ by using a vacuum film concentration device to obtain 1/10-1/14 of the original volume to obtain a plant concentrate;

(2) preparing garlic juice and onion juice: taking garlic according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain garlic powder, mixing the garlic powder with 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1:1, soaking for 3-5 d, filtering, respectively collecting garlic filter residues and garlic filtrate, and adjusting the pH of the garlic filtrate to 6.5-7.0 to obtain garlic juice; taking onions according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain onion powder, mixing the onion powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2-3, putting the mixture into a centrifugal stirrer to be mixed and stirred at a stirring speed of 300-400 r/min for 1-2h, stirring and filtering, and respectively collecting onion filter residues and onion filtrate, wherein the onion filtrate is onion juice;

(3) preparing a botanical pesticide: mixing the filter residue collected in the step (1) and the garlic filter residue and the onion filter residue collected in the step (2), adding 4-8 times of distilled water by weight, soaking for 5-10 hours, performing circulating percolation at a filtering speed of 2-4 cm/s for 1.5-2 hours until the filtrate is colorless, discarding the residue, concentrating the filtrate until the solid content is 55-60%, and collecting the concentrated filtrate; and (3) adding the plant concentrate collected in the step (1) and the garlic juice and the onion juice collected in the step (2) into the filtrate, simultaneously adding acetic acid into the filtrate according to the raw material ratio, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is the botanical pesticide.

Further, in the preparation method of the botanical insecticide, in the step (3), in the mixed solution formed after uniform mixing, 15-25% of emulsifier and 55-65% of water are added to prepare the botanical insecticide of the microemulsion, wherein the emulsifier is tween-80 with the HLB value of 15; or adding 70-80% of filler into the mixed solution to prepare the granular botanical pesticide, wherein the filler is one or more of humic acid, bentonite, kaolin, white carbon black, straw powder or wood powder which are mixed according to any ratio.

Furthermore, the invention also discloses an application of the botanical insecticide, wherein the botanical insecticide is diluted and then sprayed on leaf surfaces of agricultural plants for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of the agricultural plants, and the agricultural plants comprise melons, fruits, vegetables, tobacco leaves and traditional Chinese medicinal materials; wherein the plant diseases and insect pests include red spider, aphid, locust, black cutworm, whitefly, bemisia tabaci, cabbage caterpillar, leaf roller, scale insect, diamond back moth and armyworm.

Compared with the prior art, the botanical pesticide and the preparation method and the application thereof have the advantages that: the method comprises extracting the raw materials including fructus Zanthoxyli leftover, tobacco leftover, folium Camelliae sinensis leftover, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Bulbus Allii juice, Bulbus Allii Cepae juice and acetic acid to obtain extractive solution, mixing the extractive solutions to obtain botanical pesticide, and making into microemulsion or granule. The botanical pesticide has the advantages of simple components, safe and convenient use, no pollution and residue on crops, good pesticidal effect, difficult generation of drug resistance of pests, broad pesticidal spectrum, prevention and killing effects on various pests of various crops, no toxicity on human and livestock, wide source, simple preparation method, easy large-scale production and contribution to popularization and application.

Detailed Description

In order to more fully explain the practice of the invention, the invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1:

a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 35 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10 parts of garlic juice, 10 parts of onion juice and 3 parts of acetic acid.

The preparation method of the botanical pesticide comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant concentrate: mixing and crushing pepper processing leftovers, tobacco processing leftovers, tea processing leftovers, radix sophorae flavescentis and tripterygium wilfordii into coarse powder according to the raw material ratio, then placing the crushed coarse powder into a container, adding distilled water with the weight 4 times that of the coarse powder, decocting and extracting for 2 times, carrying out suction filtration for 0.5-1 hour each time, collecting filter residues, combining extracting solutions, and carrying out flash evaporation concentration on the obtained extracting solution at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ by adopting a vacuum film concentration device to 1/10 of the original volume to obtain a plant concentrate;

(2) preparing garlic juice and onion juice: taking garlic according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain garlic powder, mixing the garlic powder with 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1:1, soaking for 3d, filtering, respectively collecting garlic filter residues and garlic filtrate, and adjusting the pH of the garlic filtrate to 6.5-7.0 to obtain garlic juice; taking onions according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain onion powder, mixing the onion powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1:2, putting the mixture into a centrifugal stirrer to be mixed and stirred at a stirring speed of 300r/min for 1h, stirring and filtering, and respectively collecting onion filter residues and onion filtrate, wherein the onion filtrate is onion juice;

(3) preparing a botanical pesticide: mixing the filter residue collected in the step (1) and the garlic filter residue and the onion filter residue collected in the step (2), adding 4 times of distilled water by weight, soaking for 5 hours, performing circulating percolation at a filtering speed of 2cm/s for 1.5 hours until the filtrate is colorless, discarding the residue, concentrating the filtrate until the solid content is 55-60%, and collecting the concentrated filtrate; adding the plant concentrate collected in the step (1) and the garlic juice and the onion juice collected in the step (2) into the filtrate, simultaneously adding acetic acid into the filtrate according to the raw material proportion, uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution after mixing, and adding 15% of emulsifier and 55% of water into the mixed solution to prepare the botanical pesticide of the microemulsion, wherein the emulsifier is Tween-80 with the HLB value of 15; or 70% of filler is added into the mixed solution to prepare the granular botanical pesticide, wherein the filler is humic acid.

Example 2:

a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 30 parts of tea processing leftovers, 25 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 20 parts of garlic juice, 20 parts of onion juice and 8 parts of acetic acid.

The preparation method of the plant-derived pesticide is the same as that of example 1.

Example 3:

a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 25 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 20 parts of tea processing leftovers, 15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10 parts of garlic juice, 10 parts of onion juice and 3 parts of acetic acid.

The preparation method of the botanical pesticide comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant concentrate: mixing and crushing pepper processing leftovers, tobacco processing leftovers, tea processing leftovers, radix sophorae flavescentis and tripterygium wilfordii into coarse powder according to the raw material ratio, then placing the crushed coarse powder into a container, adding distilled water with the weight being 8 times of that of the coarse powder, decocting and extracting for 3 times, carrying out suction filtration for 1-1.5 hours each time, collecting filter residues, combining extracting solutions, and carrying out flash evaporation concentration on the obtained extracting solution at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ by adopting a vacuum film concentration device to 1/14 of the original volume to obtain a plant concentrate;

(2) preparing garlic juice and onion juice: taking garlic according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain garlic powder, mixing the garlic powder with 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1:1, soaking for 5d, filtering, respectively collecting garlic filter residues and garlic filtrate, and adjusting the pH of the garlic filtrate to 6.5-7.0 to obtain garlic juice; taking onions according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain onion powder, mixing the onion powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1:3, putting the mixture into a centrifugal stirrer for mixing and stirring at a stirring speed of 400r/min for 2 hours, stirring and filtering, and respectively collecting onion filter residues and onion filtrate, wherein the onion filtrate is onion juice;

(3) preparing a botanical pesticide: mixing the filter residue collected in the step (1) and the garlic filter residue and the onion filter residue collected in the step (2), adding 8 times of distilled water by weight, soaking for 10 hours, performing circular percolation at a filtering speed of 4cm/s for 2 hours until the filtrate is colorless, discarding the residue, concentrating the filtrate until the solid content is 55-60%, and collecting the concentrated filtrate; adding the plant concentrate collected in the step (1) and the garlic juice and the onion juice collected in the step (2) into the filtrate, simultaneously adding acetic acid into the filtrate according to the raw material proportion, uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution after mixing, and adding 25% of emulsifier and 65% of water into the mixed solution to prepare the botanical insecticide of the microemulsion, wherein the emulsifier is Tween-80 with the HLB value of 15; or 80% of filler is added into the mixed solution to prepare the granular botanical pesticide, wherein the filler is white carbon black.

Example 4:

a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 30 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 25 parts of tea processing leftovers, 20 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 15 parts of garlic juice, 15 parts of onion juice and 6 parts of acetic acid.

The preparation method of the plant-derived pesticide is the same as that of example 3.

Example 5:

a botanical insecticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of pepper processing leftovers, 28 parts of tobacco processing leftovers, 23 parts of tea processing leftovers, 17 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 16 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12 parts of garlic juice, 12 parts of onion juice and 4 parts of acetic acid.

The preparation method of the botanical pesticide comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant concentrate: mixing and crushing pepper processing leftovers, tobacco processing leftovers, tea processing leftovers, radix sophorae flavescentis and tripterygium wilfordii into coarse powder according to the raw material ratio, then placing the crushed coarse powder into a container, adding distilled water with the weight 6 times of that of the coarse powder, decocting and extracting for 3 times, carrying out suction filtration for 1-1.5 hours each time, collecting filter residues, combining extracting solutions, and carrying out flash evaporation concentration on the obtained extracting solution at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ by adopting a vacuum film concentration device to obtain 1/12 of the original volume so as to obtain a plant concentrate;

(2) preparing garlic juice and onion juice: taking garlic according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain garlic powder, mixing the garlic powder with 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1:1, soaking for 4d, filtering, respectively collecting garlic filter residues and garlic filtrate, and adjusting the pH of the garlic filtrate to 6.5-7.0 to obtain garlic juice; taking onions according to a raw material ratio, crushing to obtain onion powder, mixing the onion powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1:3, putting the mixture into a centrifugal stirrer to be mixed and stirred at a stirring speed of 350r/min for 1.5h, stirring and filtering, and respectively collecting onion filter residues and onion filtrate, wherein the onion filtrate is onion juice;

(3) preparing a botanical pesticide: mixing the filter residue collected in the step (1) and the garlic filter residue and the onion filter residue collected in the step (2), adding 6 times of distilled water by weight, soaking for 8 hours, performing circulating percolation at a filtering speed of 3cm/s for 1.5 hours until the filtrate is colorless, discarding the residue, concentrating the filtrate until the solid content is 55-60%, and collecting the concentrated filtrate; adding the plant concentrate collected in the step (1) and the garlic juice and the onion juice collected in the step (2) into the filtrate, simultaneously adding acetic acid into the filtrate according to the raw material ratio, uniformly stirring to form a mixed solution after mixing, and adding 20% of emulsifier and 60% of water into the mixed solution to prepare the botanical insecticide of the microemulsion, wherein the emulsifier is Tween-80 with the HLB value of 15; or adding 75% of filler into the mixed solution to prepare the granular botanical pesticide, wherein the filler is bentonite.

In order to illustrate the control effect of the botanical pesticide prepared by the method, the pesticide prepared in the embodiment 1 to 5 is respectively tested on red spiders, aphids, locusts, black cutworms, trialeurodes vaporariorum, bemisia tabaci, cabbage caterpillars, leaf rollers, scale insects, diamond back moths and armyworms, the insecticidal rate in 72 hours averagely reaches over 78 percent, and the control effect in 10 days averagely reaches over 92 percent, so that the control effect is very obvious.

The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the insubstantial modifications made by the method, or the technical solutions of the present invention, or the direct application of the method, the technical solutions of the present invention to other fields without any modifications, are within the scope of the present invention.