阅读说明：本技术 一种晶须增强秸秆纤维环保家具材料及家具 (Whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material and furniture ) 是由 刘海林 崔巍 潘杨笠 刘和文 赵原 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种晶须增强秸秆纤维环保家具材料及家具,所述材料的成分按重量百分比包括50-90％改性秸秆纤维粉、5-30％碳酸钙晶须,所述改性秸秆纤维粉由秸秆纤维经酶解处理、纳米银改性处理、接枝聚合处理制得。本发明充分利用了秸秆纤维材料的自身优点,并通过酶解处理、纳米银改性处理、接枝聚合处理,使纤维均匀度、致密性以及抗菌性,再配合碳酸钙晶须的增强效果,改善了材料的力学性能,提高了抗冲击强度,且有效阻止了水分、油分在材料表面附着、纤维壁腔内渗透现象,使制得家具材料强度高、不易开裂、耐摔、表面光泽度高、耐水耐油性能突出；所用原料来源广、成本低,且绿色环保、无毒害,可适用于儿童家具用品。(The invention discloses a whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material and furniture, wherein the material comprises 50-90% of modified straw fiber powder and 5-30% of calcium carbonate whiskers by weight percentage, and the modified straw fiber powder is prepared by performing enzymolysis treatment, nano-silver modification treatment and graft polymerization treatment on straw fibers. The invention fully utilizes the advantages of the straw fiber material, and makes the fiber uniform, compact and antibacterial through enzymolysis treatment, nano-silver modification treatment and graft polymerization treatment, and improves the mechanical property of the material by matching with the enhancement effect of calcium carbonate whiskers, thereby effectively preventing the phenomena of adhesion of water and oil on the surface of the material and permeation in fiber wall cavities, and making the prepared furniture material have high strength, difficult cracking, drop resistance, high surface gloss and outstanding water and oil resistance; the raw materials have wide sources and low cost, are green, environment-friendly and non-toxic, and can be suitable for children furniture articles.)

1. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material is characterized in that: the material comprises, by weight, 50-90% of modified straw fiber powder and 5-30% of calcium carbonate whiskers, wherein the modified straw fiber powder is prepared from straw fibers through enzymolysis, nano-silver modification and graft polymerization.

2. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the enzymolysis treatment is as follows: crushing the straw fiber to 40-80 meshes, dispersing the crushed straw fiber in water, adding 10-30FPU/g of activated cellulase of the straw fiber powder, controlling the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 20-80min under the stirring condition of 100 plus materials at 120rpm, and separating and drying.

3. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the activated cellulase is prepared by the following method: mixing cellulase and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a mass ratio of 1:2, adding into acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 4.0-4.8, stirring at 4-8 deg.C for reaction for 0.5-3h, ultrafiltering to obtain cellulase, activating in water at 50-60 deg.C for 8-12min, and separating to obtain activated cellulase.

4. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the nano silver modification treatment is as follows: superfine grinding the straw fiber after enzymolysis to 200-2000 meshes, adding the ground straw fiber powder into a silver nitrate solution, uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding an ascorbic acid solution, controlling the temperature to be 30-50 ℃, stirring for reaction for 2-10h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified straw fiber powder.

5. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the weight ratio of the straw fiber powder to the silver nitrate solution is 0.05-0.1:1, the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 10-15mmol/L, the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 1.5-2.5mmol/L, and the volume ratio of the silver nitrate solution to the ascorbic acid solution is 0.8-1.2: 1.

6. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the graft polymerization treatment comprises the following specific operations: preparing a maleic anhydride-acetone solution, adding the straw fiber subjected to nano-silver modification treatment into the maleic anhydride-acetone solution, uniformly stirring, evaporating and drying at 40-50 ℃, adding an initiator into the dried straw fiber, uniformly stirring, heating to 70-90 ℃, preserving heat for 10-30min, and carrying out graft polymerization.

7. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is prepared by mixing maleic anhydride and acetone according to the mass ratio of 1:1-5, and the mass of the maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is 2-8% of the mass of the straw fiber.

8. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the calcium carbonate whisker has the characteristic parameters of 0.5-1um in diameter and 5-10um in length.

9. The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material also comprises 1-10% of plant pectin, 1-8% of lac resin, 1-5% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 1-3% of silane coupling agent according to weight percentage.

10. An article of furniture, characterized by: the whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material is processed by the whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of furniture materials, in particular to a whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material and furniture.

Background

The plant fiber is derived from crop straws and fast-regenerating plants, is an inexhaustible renewable resource in nature, has the advantages of high strength, natural and simple surface texture, bright color, novel texture and the like, is suitable for manufacturing articles which are repeatedly used for many times, and can replace part of plastic, glass and wood products, such as common furniture articles in life, including desks, dining tables, children beds, wood floors, wardrobes and the like.

However, in the pulping process of the plant fiber, a plurality of micropores are generated on the surface of a cell wall, so that the mechanical property of the fiber material is poor, the impact strength is low, the surface wettability is too large, and the hydrophilicity and the water resistance effect are poor. Therefore, when the plant fiber material is prepared, the material components and the process of the plant fiber material need to be optimized, and proper fillers or auxiliary agents are added to play a filling role so as to reduce the 'cavity' effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material and furniture, which overcome the defects of low impact strength and poor water resistance of the traditional plant fiber furniture material.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

the whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises, by weight, 50-90% of modified straw fiber powder and 5-30% of calcium carbonate whiskers, wherein the modified straw fiber powder is prepared from straw fibers through enzymolysis, nano-silver modification and graft polymerization.

The further improvement is that the specific operation of the enzymolysis treatment is as follows: crushing the straw fiber to 40-80 meshes, dispersing the crushed straw fiber in water, adding 10-30FPU/g of activated cellulase of the straw fiber powder, controlling the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 20-80min under the stirring condition of 100 plus materials at 120rpm, and separating and drying.

In a further improvement, the activated cellulase is prepared by the following method: mixing cellulase and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a mass ratio of 1:2, adding into acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 4.0-4.8, stirring at 4-8 deg.C for reaction for 0.5-3h, ultrafiltering to obtain cellulase, activating in water at 50-60 deg.C for 8-12min, and separating to obtain activated cellulase.

The further improvement is that the specific operation of the nano silver modification treatment is as follows: superfine grinding the straw fiber after enzymolysis to 200-2000 meshes, adding the ground straw fiber powder into a silver nitrate solution, uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding an ascorbic acid solution, controlling the temperature to be 30-50 ℃, stirring for reaction for 2-10h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified straw fiber powder.

The further improvement is that the weight ratio of the straw fiber powder to the silver nitrate solution is 0.05-0.1:1, the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 10-15mmol/L, the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 1.5-2.5mmol/L, and the volume ratio of the silver nitrate solution to the ascorbic acid solution is 0.8-1.2: 1.

The further improvement is that the specific operation of the graft polymerization treatment is as follows: preparing a maleic anhydride-acetone solution, adding the straw fiber subjected to nano-silver modification treatment into the maleic anhydride-acetone solution, uniformly stirring, evaporating and drying at 40-50 ℃, adding an initiator into the dried straw fiber, uniformly stirring, heating to 70-90 ℃, preserving heat for 10-30min, and carrying out graft polymerization.

The further improvement is that the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is prepared by mixing maleic anhydride and acetone according to the mass ratio of 1:1-5, and the mass of the maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is 2-8% of the mass of the straw fiber.

The further improvement lies in that the calcium carbonate crystal whisker has the characterization parameters of diameter of 0.5-1um and length of 5-10 um.

The further improvement is that the material also comprises 1-10% of plant pectin, 1-8% of lac resin, 1-5% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 1-3% of silane coupling agent by weight percentage.

Furniture is processed by the whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material.

The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the advantages of the straw fiber material are fully utilized, the fiber uniformity, compactness and antibacterial property are realized through enzymolysis treatment, nano-silver modification treatment and graft polymerization treatment, the mechanical property of the material is improved by matching with the enhancement effect of calcium carbonate whiskers, the impact strength is improved, the phenomena of adhesion of moisture and oil on the surface of the material and permeation in a fiber wall cavity are effectively prevented, and the prepared furniture material has high strength, is not easy to crack, is resistant to falling, has high surface glossiness and has outstanding water and oil resistance.

(2) The raw materials have wide sources and low cost, are green, environment-friendly and non-toxic, and can be suitable for children products. As a preferable formula, the plant pectin in the raw materials can keep good cohesiveness after the furniture is formed, and simultaneously, the plant pectin can be blended with the straw fiber to further increase the toughness of the invention; the lac resin can improve the uniformity and stability of whiskers in the material, so that the furniture surface is smooth and has uniform luster; the antibacterial property of the furniture can be further improved by the carboxymethyl chitosan.

(3) Specifically, the enzymolysis treatment adopts polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to activate cellulase, so that the enzymolysis efficiency and degree are high, the uniformity and compactness of the fiber are improved, and the subsequent combination of silver ions is facilitated; and the nano silver is immediately subjected to graft polymerization treatment after modification treatment, and the graft polymerization reaction can increase the stability of the functional layer on the surface of the fiber, so that the nano silver is more stably combined on the surface of the fiber, and the antibacterial effect and the antibacterial long-acting property of the fiber are improved by exerting good synergistic effect.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is provided for further explanation of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned disclosure.

Example 1

The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises, by weight, 70% of modified straw fiber powder and 30% of calcium carbonate whiskers, wherein the modified straw fiber powder is prepared from straw fibers through enzymolysis, nano-silver modification and graft polymerization. The calcium carbonate crystal whisker has the characteristic parameters of diameter of 0.5-0.7um and length of 5-7 um.

The specific operation of the enzymolysis treatment is as follows: pulverizing straw fiber to 40 mesh, dispersing in water, adding 10FPU/g straw fiber powder activated cellulase, controlling temperature at 50 deg.C, performing enzymolysis for 80min under stirring at 100rpm, separating, and drying. Wherein the activated cellulase is prepared by the following method: mixing cellulase and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a mass ratio of 1:2, adding into acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 4.0, stirring at 4 deg.C for reaction for 3h, ultrafiltering and separating to obtain cellulase, activating the cellulase in water at 50 deg.C for 12min, and separating to obtain activated cellulase.

The specific operation of the nano silver modification treatment is as follows: superfine grinding the straw fiber after enzymolysis to 200 meshes, adding the ground straw fiber powder into a silver nitrate solution with the concentration of 1.5mmol/L, uniformly mixing, controlling the weight ratio of the straw fiber powder to the silver nitrate solution to be 0.05:1, slowly dropwise adding an ascorbic acid solution with the concentration of 10mmol/L, controlling the volume ratio of the silver nitrate solution to the ascorbic acid solution to be 0.8:1, controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified straw fiber powder.

The graft polymerization treatment comprises the following specific operations: preparing a maleic anhydride-acetone solution, adding the straw fiber subjected to nano-silver modification treatment into the maleic anhydride-acetone solution, uniformly stirring, evaporating and drying at 40 ℃, adding an initiator into the dried straw fiber, uniformly stirring, heating to 70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, and carrying out graft polymerization. The maleic anhydride-acetone solution is prepared by mixing maleic anhydride and acetone according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the mass of the maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is 2% of the mass of the straw fiber.

Example 2

The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises 80% of modified straw fiber powder and 20% of calcium carbonate whiskers by weight percentage, wherein the modified straw fiber powder is prepared by performing enzymolysis treatment, nano-silver modification treatment and graft polymerization treatment on straw fibers. The calcium carbonate crystal whisker has the characteristic parameters of diameter of 0.6-0.8um and length of 6-8 um.

The specific operation of the enzymolysis treatment is as follows: pulverizing the straw fiber to 60 mesh, dispersing in water, adding 20FPU/g straw fiber powder activated cellulase, controlling temperature at 55 deg.C, performing enzymolysis for 50min under stirring at 110rpm, separating, and drying. Wherein the activated cellulase is prepared by the following method: mixing cellulase and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a mass ratio of 1:2, adding into acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 4.4, stirring and reacting for 2h at 6 ℃, performing ultrafiltration separation to obtain cellulase, activating the cellulase in water at 55 ℃ for 10min, and separating to obtain activated cellulase.

The specific operation of the nano silver modification treatment is as follows: superfine grinding the straw fiber after enzymolysis to 1000 meshes, adding the ground straw fiber powder into a silver nitrate solution with the concentration of 2mmol/L, uniformly mixing, controlling the weight ratio of the straw fiber powder to the silver nitrate solution to be 0.08:1, slowly dropwise adding an ascorbic acid solution with the concentration of 12mmol/L, controlling the volume ratio of the silver nitrate solution to the ascorbic acid solution to be 1:1, controlling the temperature to be 40 ℃, stirring for reaction for 5 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified straw fiber powder.

The graft polymerization treatment comprises the following specific operations: preparing a maleic anhydride-acetone solution, adding the straw fiber subjected to nano-silver modification treatment into the maleic anhydride-acetone solution, uniformly stirring, evaporating and drying at 45 ℃, adding an initiator into the dried straw fiber, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and carrying out graft polymerization. The maleic anhydride-acetone solution is prepared by mixing maleic anhydride and acetone according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the mass of the maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is 5% of that of the straw fiber.

Example 3

The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises 90 wt% of modified straw fiber powder and 10 wt% of calcium carbonate whiskers, wherein the modified straw fiber powder is prepared from straw fibers through enzymolysis, nano-silver modification and graft polymerization. The calcium carbonate crystal whisker has the characteristic parameters of diameter of 0.8-1um and length of 8-10 um.

The specific operation of the enzymolysis treatment is as follows: pulverizing the straw fiber to 80 mesh, dispersing in water, adding 30FPU/g straw fiber powder activated cellulase, controlling the temperature at 60 deg.C, performing enzymolysis for 20min under stirring at 120rpm, separating, and drying. Wherein the activated cellulase is prepared by the following method: mixing cellulase and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether according to a mass ratio of 1:2, adding into acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 4.8, stirring at 8 deg.C for reaction for 0.5h, ultrafiltering to obtain cellulase, activating the cellulase in water at 60 deg.C for 8min, and separating to obtain activated cellulase.

The specific operation of the nano silver modification treatment is as follows: superfine grinding the straw fiber after enzymolysis to 2000 meshes, adding the ground straw fiber powder into a silver nitrate solution with the concentration of 2.5mmol/L, uniformly mixing, controlling the weight ratio of the straw fiber powder to the silver nitrate solution to be 0.1:1, slowly dropwise adding an ascorbic acid solution with the concentration of 15mmol/L, controlling the volume ratio of the silver nitrate solution to the ascorbic acid solution to be 1.2:1, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, stirring for reaction for 2 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-silver modified straw fiber powder.

The graft polymerization treatment comprises the following specific operations: preparing a maleic anhydride-acetone solution, adding the straw fiber subjected to nano-silver modification treatment into the maleic anhydride-acetone solution, uniformly stirring, evaporating and drying at 50 ℃, adding an initiator into the dried straw fiber, uniformly stirring, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, and carrying out graft polymerization. The maleic anhydride-acetone solution is prepared by mixing maleic anhydride and acetone according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and the mass of the maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-acetone solution is 8% of the mass of the straw fiber.

Example 4

The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises, by weight, 50% of modified straw fiber powder, 30% of calcium carbonate whiskers, 10% of plant pectin, 5% of shellac resin, 3% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 2% of a silane coupling agent, and the preparation steps of the components are the same as those in example 2.

Example 5

The whisker reinforced straw fiber environment-friendly furniture material comprises, by weight, 85% of modified straw fiber powder, 5% of calcium carbonate whiskers, 5% of plant pectin, 3% of shellac resin, 1% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 1% of a silane coupling agent, and the preparation steps of the components are the same as those in example 2.

Comparative example 1

It is essentially the same as example 2, with the only difference that: the modified straw fiber powder is not subjected to enzymolysis treatment during preparation.

Comparative example 2

It is essentially the same as example 2, with the only difference that: the modified straw fiber powder is used for enzymolysis treatment and is commercially available common cellulose (produced by Xin chemical products Co., Ltd., Nam, Henan).

Comparative example 3

It is essentially the same as example 2, with the only difference that: the modified straw fiber powder is not subjected to nano-silver modification treatment during preparation.

Comparative example 4

It is essentially the same as example 2, with the only difference that: the modified straw fiber powder is not subjected to graft polymerization treatment during preparation.

According to the formulas of the above examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4, the furniture sample boards with the dimensions of 5cm × 20cm × 0.5cm are respectively prepared by mixing, preheating and die pressing, and the performance tests are respectively carried out on the boards, which specifically comprises the following steps: the antibacterial property of the furniture board against the three bacteria is measured by taking Escherichia coli (Staphylococcus aureus), Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as test strains according to an antibacterial property test method of QB/T2591-2003 antibacterial plastic and an antibacterial property test method and an antibacterial effect standard of LY/T1926 and 2010 antibacterial wood (bamboo) texture board, and the antibacterial rates, the water contact angle and the oil contact angle of the furniture board against the three bacteria are measured. The test results are statistically given in the following table:

as can be seen from the above table, the furniture boards prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the present invention have an impact strength of 80.6J/m or more²The tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1319.63MPa, the elongation at break is greater than or equal to 4.91%, the antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli is greater than or equal to 93.4%, the antibacterial rate of Staphylococcus aureus is greater than or equal to 97.6%, the antibacterial rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is greater than or equal to 93.8%, the water contact angle is greater than or equal to 124.8%, the oil contact angle is greater than or equal to 112.4%, and the comprehensive mechanical property, the antibacterial property, the oil resistance and the water resistance are outstanding. The specific factors are that the mechanical property of the material plate can be obviously provided by enzymolysis treatment when the modified straw fiber powder is prepared, the effect of using activated cellulase is more prominent, and meanwhile, the modified straw fiber powder also has a certain improvement effect on water resistance and oil resistance; the nano silver modification treatment can improve the antibacterial performance of the material plate, but the effect of the single treatment (comparative example 4) is general, and the graft polymerization treatment and the nano silver modification treatment have a synergistic effect, so that the stability of the functional layer on the surface of the fiber can be improved, the nano silver can be more stably combined on the surface of the fiber, and the good effect can be achievedThe synergistic effect of the components improves the antibacterial effect and the antibacterial long-acting property of the fiber.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.