阅读说明：本技术 控制和清洁蒸汽箱的系统、控制系统、检查系统和方法 (System for controlling and cleaning a steam box, control system, inspection system and method ) 是由 G·A·琼斯 H·H·钦克尔 B·J·E·史密斯 M·贝扬 于 2020-10-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及控制和清洁蒸汽箱的系统、控制系统、检查系统和方法。一种系统包括：(a)壳体；(b)支撑臂；以及(c)旋转致动器,所述旋转致动器使蒸汽箱在工作位置和旋转位置之间旋转。(The invention relates to a system, a control system, an inspection system and a method for controlling and cleaning a steam box. A system comprising: (a) a housing; (b) a support arm; and (c) a rotary actuator that rotates the steam box between the operating position and the rotated position.)

1. A system, the system comprising:

a. a housing;

b. a support arm; and

c. a rotary actuator that rotates the steam box relative to the papermaking machine between an operating position and a rotated position.

2. The steam box of claim 1, wherein the steam box includes a linear actuator that moves the steam box linearly toward and away from the operating position.

3. A steamer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steamer comprises a rotating arm connected to the rotary actuator.

4. A steam box as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steam box is rotated 45 degrees or more between the operating position and the rotated position.

5. A steam box as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotary actuator is in communication with a rotary arm and moves the rotary arm to move the steam box, and the support arm includes a guide that controls movement of the steam box relative to the support arm.

6. A steam box as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steam box includes a pivot and the steam box pivots about the pivot between the operating position and the rotated position.

7. A system, the system comprising:

a. a steam box; and

b. a monitoring system that monitors cleanliness of the steam box configured to be connected to a paper machine.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the monitoring system visually inspects the steam box.

9. The system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the monitoring system monitors the pressure of the steam box.

10. The system of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the monitoring system includes a sensor positioned coplanar with the steam box when the steam box is in a rotated position.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the sensor is movable along a surface of the steam box, and/or the sensor monitors the steam box during use, after a cleaning cycle, or both.

12. The system of any of claims 8-11, wherein the system comprises a cleaning system comprising a mechanical cleaning device, a fluid cleaning device, or both.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the fluid cleaning device comprises a shower nozzle.

14. The system of any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the monitoring system comprises a camera.

15. A system, the system comprising:

a. a steam box; and

b. a cleaning system that moves relative to the steam box to clean the steam box configured to be connected to a paper machine.

Technical Field

The present teachings relate to a system including a steam box, an inspection system for inspecting the steam box, and a control system for cleaning the steam box.

Background

Typically, a fourdrinier papermaking machine comprises a wet end with a wire moving in the machine direction. The line has a width (i.e., cross-machine direction) and the stock is applied along substantially the entire width of the line. A plurality of blades are located below the line and assist in removing water from the stock on the line. The blades are usually stationary, however, more recently, actuated vanes (foil) and blades have been added to the wet end. Typically, changes are made to the paper machine by the user adjusting machine characteristics such as lip opening or machine speed based on the results of the dryer section test. The paper may have a moisture profile in the cross-machine direction. The moisture profile may be controlled or adjusted using a steam box that applies steam to the paper from a location near the paper, which may result in contamination of the steam box.

Examples of steam boxes are disclosed in U.S. patent nos. 4,163,688; 5,077,913, respectively; 5,752,324, respectively; 5,799,411, respectively; 6,254,731, respectively; 6,498,534, respectively; U.S. patent application publication No. 2005/0283995; european patent No. ep 1310591; a Valmet IQ vapor analyzer (Valmet IQ Steam Profiler); and a video of the Metso IQ steam analyzer animation available under the website https:// www.youtube.com/watch v ═ 4w3LEH4mhME, last visited on 19 months 9 in 2019, all of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Therefore, a need exists for a self-cleaning steam box. What is needed is an apparatus for verifying the cleanliness of a steam box after a cleaning cycle has been performed. What is needed is a steam box that can be moved (e.g., rotated) away from passing paper so that the paper is not contaminated while the steam box is being cleaned. What is needed is a monitoring system that visually inspects the surface of the steam box as it is being cleaned. What is needed is a cleaning system that follows the shape of a steam box to remove debris from a first surface or edge to a second, opposite surface or edge.

Disclosure of Invention

The present teachings provide for: a system, the system comprising: (a) a housing; (b) a support arm; and (c) a rotary actuator that rotates the steam box between the operating position and the rotated position.

The present teachings provide for: a system, the system comprising: (a) a steam box; and (b) a monitoring system that monitors cleanliness of the steam box.

The present teachings provide for: a system, the system comprising: (a) a steam box; and (b) a cleaning system that moves relative to the steam box to clean the steam box.

The present teachings provide for: a method, the method comprising: (a) monitoring the cleanliness of the steam box by using a monitoring system; (b) cleaning the steam box with one or more cleaning devices that are capable of moving back and forth across a surface of the steam box; (c) rotating the steam box from the operating position to a rotated position; (d) or a combination of a, b and c.

The present teachings provide a self-cleaning steam box. The present teachings provide an apparatus for verifying the cleanliness of a steam box after a cleaning cycle has been performed. The present teachings provide a steam box that is capable of moving (e.g., rotating) away from passing paper so that the paper is not contaminated while the steam box is being cleaned. The present teachings provide a monitoring system that visually inspects the surface of a steam box as the steam box is being cleaned. The present teachings provide a cleaning system that follows the shape of a steam box to remove debris from a first surface or edge to a second, opposite surface or edge.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a paper machine including a steam box and a cleaning system;

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the steam box and cleaning system;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the steam box in an operating position;

FIG. 4A is an operational side view of the steam box in an operating position;

FIG. 4B is a drive side view of the steam box in an operating position;

FIG. 5A is an operational side view of the steam box in a retracted position;

FIG. 5B is a drive side view of the steam box in a retracted position;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the steam box in a rotated position;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the steam box in a rotated position with the cleaning system in a starting position;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the steam box in a rotated position with the cleaning system in an end position;

FIG. 9 illustrates a bottom perspective view of a monitoring system monitoring a steam box;

FIG. 10 is a bottom perspective view of the cleaning system;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the steam box;

FIG. 12 is a side view of the cleaning system connected to and cleaning the steam box;

FIG. 13 is a side view of the cleaning system connected to and cleaning the steam box;

FIG. 14 is a side view of the cleaning system of FIG. 13 in communication with the steam box in a rotated position;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the cleaning system in communication with and cleaning the steam box; and

FIG. 16 is a side view of the cleaning system in communication with and cleaning the steam box in a rotated position.

2 paper machine

3 lip opening

4 pressure head box

5 breast roll

6 line

7 shaping plate

8 airfoil segment

9 wing

10 couch roll

11 frame

12 return roller

14 machine direction

16 operating side

18 drive side

20 monitoring system

22 Lamp

24 sensor

26 vacuum roll

28 yankee dryer

40 steam box

42 casing

44 diffuser

46 valve

48 steam header

49 supporting arm

50 linear actuator

52 rotary actuator

54 pivot

56 zone supply pipe

57 guide piece

58 sliding part

60 cleaning system

62 pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device (shower)

64 mechanical cleaning device (Brush)

66 moving arm

68 actuator

70 cleaning pivot

72 start position

74 end position

76 nozzle

78 pressure gauge

80 cleaning bracket

82 connector

84 support frame

86 moving member

90 removal system

100 working position

102 retracted position

104 rotational position

Detailed Description

The explanations and illustrations provided herein are intended to acquaint others skilled in the art with the invention, its principles, and its practical application. Those skilled in the art may adapt and apply the invention in its numerous forms, as may be best suited to the requirements of a particular use. Accordingly, the particular embodiments of the present invention as set forth are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present teachings. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Other combinations are possible as will be apparent from the claims below, which are also incorporated by reference into this written description.

The present teachings are based on providing improved systems, control systems, inspection systems, control methods, or combinations thereof for a steam box of a paper machine. Preferably, the paper machine is a fourdrinier paper machine. The papermaking machine may be a twin wire papermaking machine, a top wire former, a gap former, a tissue papermaking machine, a wire-cage papermaking machine, a counter flow cylinder, a Saint Ann former, or a combination thereof. The paper machine may be any paper machine in which stock or paper traveling in the machine direction may be monitored and controlled. The papermaking machine taught herein may be any papermaking machine used for making paper. The papermaking machine may be of any style and/or type that forms paper. The paper machine may have a frame. The papermaking machine may have opposing frames. One frame may extend along the operating side and one frame may extend along the drive side. The operating side of the paper machine may be the side from which the operator or machine sizer primarily works. The drive side of the paper machine may be the side of the paper machine opposite the tending side where gears, motors and equipment may be located, and thus accessibility of the paper machine may be limited. The papermaking machine may have a frame extending in the cross-machine direction. The papermaking machine may have a plurality of frames extending in the machine direction. The paper machine includes a headbox that applies stock at the wet end.

The headbox is used to apply the stock to the wire. The headbox can apply stock to the wire, the forming plate, or both. The head box may be gravity fed, pressurized, or both. The headbox can apply the stock at a slower rate than the line moves in the wet end (e.g., drag mode). The headbox can apply the material at a faster rate than the line moves in the wet end (e.g., rush mode). The headbox can apply the stock at substantially the same rate as the line moves in the wet end (e.g., in accordance mode). The headbox may be used to apply stock to the wet end, over a breast roll, on a fin, or combinations thereof. The headbox can be used to apply stock to the wire as it passes over the forming plate or forming section. The headbox can apply stock to the wire at a location adjacent the breast roll and forming plate. The head box may have a top portion that is movable up and down. For example, the hydrostatic head of the fluid may be adjusted by moving the top of the headbox upward or downward, or the amount of stock applied to the strand may be adjusted by moving the top of the headbox upward or downward (e.g., adjusting the lip opening). The headbox may include one or more lip openings.

The lip opening can be used to direct stock from the headbox onto the wire. The lip opening may vary the speed of the material traveling onto the line, the volume of material traveling onto the line, the angle of the material approaching the line, or a combination thereof. The lip opening can be adjusted. The lip opening may have a movable top portion or a bottom portion. The top portion may increase the height of the lip opening or decrease the height of the lip opening. The top section can be pivoted to change the angle of the feedstock jets while increasing the distance between the top and bottom sections. The bottom part is movable in the machine direction. The bottom portion may vary the distance between the headbox and the forming plate. The bottom portion, the top portion, or both may change the angle of the feedstock jets relative to the wire, the forming plate, or both. The top portion, the bottom portion, or both may move in the machine direction (e.g., forward and backward); up and down (e.g., toward and away from the line); pivoting a portion toward or away from the line; or a combination thereof; the lip opening can affect the contact position, contact angle, feedstock velocity, or a combination thereof, of the feedstock jet relative to the wire, breast roll, forming plate, forming section, or a combination thereof.

The feedstock jets are used to place the feedstock on the wire while beginning to impart certain properties into the fibers in the feedstock. For example, if the feedstock jets move more slowly (e.g., drag) than the wire, the fibers may tend to align in the machine direction. In another embodiment, if the stock jet is moving at the same speed as the wire, the fibers may tend to be more randomly oriented than when the stock jet is surging or delaying.

The wire may be a porous continuous belt running between a breast roll and a couch roll and carrying the stock. The wire may be flexible enough to move and change through the tab within each tab segment. The thread may be metal, plastic, polymer, woven, non-woven, or a combination thereof. The thread may be a felt material. The threads may include pores or be porous so that water may be removed from the feedstock while retaining solids. The wet end may have a wire that travels in the machine direction with the feedstock and dewaters the feedstock as the wire moves in the machine direction. Preferably, the wet end comprises an endless wire running in the machine direction. The width of the thread may extend in the cross-machine direction. The wet end may have opposing edges that may have stock material extending in the cross-machine direction and falling off the line. The wet end may end with a couch roll (i.e. a couch end) for winding the wire and guiding the wire in a direction opposite to the machine direction, so that a loop-like wire is formed. One or more return rolls may be located after the couch roll to help return the wire. One or more return rollers may not be in contact with the paper. The couch roll may be the last roll in the wet end that comes into contact with the paper.

Couch rolls may be used for dewatering. The couch roll may comprise an absorption device. The couch roll may be a vacuum roll. The couch roll may finish the wet end. The couch roll may help guide the sheet from the wet end into the press section. When the stock reaches the couch roll, the stock may be sufficiently dry that the stock is of paper-like quality and is self-supporting. The couch roll may help dewater the stock so that the stock is strong enough to exit the wet end or forming section of the papermaking machine. Once the water line is visible in the feedstock, the feedstock can be substantially self-supporting. One or more steam boxes may be positioned close to the couch roll to dewater the feedstock so that it is strong enough to move from the wet end to the press section.

The stock discussed herein is a slurry of fibers mixed in water and optional paper chemicals to enhance certain final paper properties. The raw materials may include fibers, fines, fillers, chemicals, virgin fibers, recycled fibers, synthetic fibers, mineral fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers, or combinations thereof. The feedstock preferably has 90 percent or more, 95 percent or more, or even 99 percent or more water at the headbox (e.g., having a consistency of about 1 percent or less feedstock and 99 percent or more water by weight). As the stock travels in the machine direction (i.e., the direction of movement from the wet end to the dry end), the fins or blades and fin groups (e.g., fin segments) or blade groups (e.g., blade segments) remove water and the consistency (i.e., the percentage of water in the stock) decreases. Water may be continuously removed from the feedstock as it travels toward the wet end. At some point, the stock will change from a predominantly liquid to a predominantly solid state, which is referred to as the waterline (i.e., the visible point on the paper machine at which the stock changes from dark to light (typically between about 8 percent to about 10 percent sheet consistency)).

The water line is used to indicate sheet formation and sheet solidification. The water may be removed until the "waterline" is visible. The waterline is a line formed in the cross-machine direction (i.e., the direction 90 degrees to the machine direction) where sufficient water is removed so that the stock no longer appears glossy or wet. The waterline may be substantially straight. The waterlines may be staggered and may occur at the edges of the paper machine before the waterline occurs at the center of the paper machine. For example, the waterline may appear to have one or more fingers. One or more steam boxes may be located downstream of the waterline. For example, the waterline may be located between the headbox and one or more steamers.

The wet line can be used to indicate a location on the paper machine where sufficient water has been removed so that the stock no longer reflects light or has a mirror-like appearance. The wet lines may occur at a consistency of between about 5 percent to about 6 percent (i.e., about 5 percent solids and 95 percent water by weight). A wet line may indicate that sheet forming has occurred. A wet line may indicate that the fiber is fixed. One or more steam boxes may be located downstream of the wet line. The wet line may be located between one or more steam boxes and the headbox.

The breast roll may be the first roll in the wet end (i.e., at the headbox end), may assist in forming, may remove water from the stock, or a combination thereof. The breast roll may be a guide roll in the wet section. The breast roll may be positioned adjacent to the headbox, the lip opening, or both. The breast roll may be located on the opposite end of the wet end in the machine direction (i.e. downstream) from the couch roll. The couch roll may be the last roll on the wet end of the paper machine. The couch roll may be located between the wet end and the press section. The wet end may be used to receive and dewater the feedstock. One or more forming plates, forming sections, or both may be located between the breast roll and the tab section.

The forming section may be located downstream of the breast roll. The forming section may be located upstream of the couch roll. The shaping section can be used to help receive stock from the lip opening and to help configure the stock so that the fibers in the stock are oriented in a desired orientation (e.g., machine direction, cross-machine direction, random). The profiled section may comprise one or more flaps, one or more profiled plates, or both. The first flap of all the flap sections may be a profiled sheet. The forming plate may be fixed. The forming plate can be moved in the machine direction. The forming plate can be moved in order to increase or decrease the distance between the forming plate and the headbox. The forming plate may be height adjustable. The forming plate may be angularly adjustable. The forming plate may be moved to increase or decrease the amount of water removed from the feedstock jets.

The wet end may be a portion of a papermaking machine where the paper has a consistency of about 15 percent or less or about 10 percent or less (i.e., 10 percent solids and 90 percent water). The wet end may be a portion of the paper machine upstream of the press section. The wet end may receive a feedstock that is primarily water and remove the water until a sheet is formed. The wet end may have one or more and preferably a plurality of airfoil segments (or blade segments). For example, the wet end may have a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, or more sections. The wet end may remove water from the feedstock. The wet end may impart motion into the stock such that the formation of the stock is controlled, the formation of a sheet of paper is controlled, the fibers are oriented or reoriented, and the fibers remain suspended in the water.

The first section may be used to begin dewatering the stock as it exits the headbox, lip opening, forming plate section, or combinations thereof. The first section may include a fixed flap, a height adjustable flap, an angle adjustable flap, or a combination thereof. The various fins may be alternating; only fixed; all height-adjustable fins; all the angle-adjustable fins; a height-adjustable wing and an angle-adjustable wing; a height-adjustable wing and a fixed wing; an angle-adjustable wing piece, a height-adjustable wing piece and a fixed wing piece; or a combination thereof. Preferably, the first section is a combination of an angle adjustable flap and a height adjustable flap; all height-adjustable fins; or all angularly adjustable flaps. The first section may be vacuum assisted. The first section may be free of vacuum assistance. The first section may be located directly upstream of the second section.

The second section may be used to continue dewatering the feedstock as it travels in the machine direction. The second section may dehydrate the feedstock exiting the first section. The second section may include a fixed wing, a height adjustable wing, an angle adjustable wing, or a combination thereof. The various fins may be alternating; only fixed; all height-adjustable fins; all the angle-adjustable fins; a height-adjustable wing and an angle-adjustable wing; a height-adjustable wing and a fixed wing; an angle-adjustable wing piece, a height-adjustable wing piece and a fixed wing piece; or a combination thereof. Preferably, the second section is a combination of a fixed flap and a height adjustable flap, with vacuum assistance. The second section may be vacuum assisted. The second section may be free of vacuum assistance. The second section may be located directly upstream of the third section.

The third section may be used to continue dewatering the feedstock as it travels in the machine direction. The third section may dehydrate the feedstock exiting the second section. The third section may include a fixed wing, a height adjustable wing, an angle adjustable wing, or a combination thereof. The various vanes may alternate between different types of vanes; only fixed; all height-adjustable fins; all the angle-adjustable fins; a height-adjustable wing and an angle-adjustable wing; a height-adjustable wing and a fixed wing; an angle-adjustable wing piece, a height-adjustable wing piece and a fixed wing piece; or a combination thereof. Preferably, the third section is a combination of fixed fins on the ends and angularly adjustable fins therebetween, wherein the third section includes vacuum assistance. The third section may be vacuum assisted. The third section may be free of vacuum assistance. The third section may be followed by a fourth section, a vacuum section, a steam box, a high vacuum section, or a combination thereof, which may include blades or vanes.

The blades and vanes as discussed herein may be used interchangeably. The vane segments may each comprise one or more vanes, preferably a plurality of vanes. The fins may be height adjustable, angle adjustable, fixed, or a combination thereof. The tab section may comprise one or more profiled plates. The profiled sheet may be part of a profiled sheet section. The profiled sheet section may include a height adjustable flap, an angle adjustable flap, a stabilizing flap, a securing flap, or a combination thereof. The vanes and blades may be adjusted by any of the means taught herein, including those taught in U.S. patent No.8,551,293 at column 3, line 30 through column 10 and in fig. 1 through 9B, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference with respect to the angle and height adjustable vanes or blades. The angle and/or height of the vanes or blades can be adjusted as taught herein, including the devices taught in U.S. patent No.9,045,859, column 1, line 50 to column 16, line 24 and fig. 1 to 9B, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference with respect to the angularly and height adjustable vane blades, including cam blocks, grooves, guide keys, connecting rods, thrust end blocks, pivots, vanes, pneumatic, hydraulic, curved structures, or combinations thereof. The wet end includes edges in the cross-machine direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the machine direction). The plurality of fins may be divided into one or more groups of fins, and preferably into a plurality of fin groups extending in the machine direction. The vane sets may be all height adjustable, all angle adjustable, all fixed, or a combination thereof. The vane cluster may include both height-adjustable vanes and angle-adjustable vanes; both the fixed wing panel and the height-adjustable wing panel, and both the fixed wing panel and the angle-adjustable wing panel; a height-adjustable wing piece, an angle-adjustable wing piece and a fixed adjustable wing piece; or a combination thereof. The type of blades may be alternating (e.g., fixed blades and height adjustable blades; fixed blades and angle adjustable blades; height adjustable blades and angle adjustable blades; or combinations thereof). The fixed vanes may be located at the beginning and the end and the angularly adjustable vanes or the height adjustable vanes may be located between the beginning and the end. The papermaking machine may include two or more sets of fins, three or more sets of fins, four or more sets of fins, or five or more sets of fins. Each set of fins may include two or more fins, four or more fins, six or more fins, or even ten or more fins. The first set of flaps may comprise a profiled sheet and then a set of flaps. The types of fins (e.g., fixed, angularly adjustable, height adjustable) may be grouped in any order. For example, the set of wings may include two angularly adjustable wings, followed by one stationary wing and three height adjustable wings. Each tab may be of a different type in an alternating manner. For example, a fixed flap and then a height adjustable flap in a repeating pattern. The height adjustable flap may be moved a distance from the line (e.g., not in contact with the line). The height adjustable flap may be movable towards or away from the line. The height adjustable wing may be about + -1 mm or more, about + -2 mm or more, about + -3 mm or more, about + -4 mm or more, about + -5 mm or more, or about + -6 mm or more away from the wing (e.g., when the wing is moving toward the line, it is positive (or up), and when the wing is moving away from the line, it is negative (or down)). When the height adjustable blade is in contact with the wire and the wire is not deflected, then the height adjustable blade is at 0 mm. The angularly adjustable vanes may be adjusted from an angle of about ± 1 ° or more, about ± 2 ° or more, about ± 3 ° or more, or about ± 4 ° or more (e.g., when the tip of the vane is rotated into line (i.e., pressed up into line), the angle is positive, and when the tip of the vane is rotated away from line (i.e., moved down away from line), the angle is negative, and when the tip is parallel to line, the angle is 0 °). The height adjustable flap may create a vacuum on the wire that pulls the wire negative. The height adjustable fins may have a "V" shape, and the valleys of the "V" shape may help to pull the wire below 0 ° so that material movement occurs. The blades may be adjusted based on one or more monitored conditions of the monitoring system. Preferably, the monitoring system monitors the stock at one or more locations between the headbox and the water line or press section. The monitoring system may monitor the steam box.

The monitoring system can monitor wet end, raw material activity, wet line, waterline, activity line, machine cleanliness, steam box cleanliness, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the monitoring system taught herein monitors the steam box. More preferably, the monitoring system monitors the cleanliness of the steam box or the uniformity of the fluid exiting the steam box. The monitoring system may visually inspect the steam box, monitor pressure of the steam box, monitor backpressure of the steam box, monitor application area, monitor application consistency, or a combination thereof. The monitoring system may include one or more stationary sensors, one or more movable sensors, or both. The monitoring system may operate while the steam box is being cleaned, after the steam box is cleaned, or both. The monitoring may have one type of sensor operating continuously and one type of sensor operating intermittently. For example, the pressure sensor may operate continuously and the visual inspection device may operate during cleaning of the steam box.

One or more sensors are used to monitor pressure, cleanliness, debris, vapor, or a combination thereof exiting the diffuser. One or more sensors may be used to send signals to the control system, causing the control system to control the cleaning system, the steam box, the valves, or a combination thereof. One or more sensors may be located along one side of the paper machine, steam box, or both. One or more sensors may be positioned perpendicular to the steam box. One or more sensors may be positioned at an angle relative to the steam box. One or more sensors may view the entire length of the steam box (e.g., the length of the steam box extending in the cross-machine direction). One or more sensors may monitor a portion of the length of the steam box. Multiple sensors may be used to monitor the entire length of the steam box. Only a portion of the steam box may be monitored, and the remaining portion of the steam box may be inferred based on the monitored portion. For example, if the steam box is 10m long, 2m may be monitored and 8m of unmonitored steam boxes may be inferred based on the sensing of 2 m. A combination of sensor types may be used. Some sensors may monitor pressure. Some sensors may be monitored visually. The sensors may use ultrasonic, infrared, CMOS sensors, charge coupled devices, matrix cameras, area scan cameras, line scan cameras, microwaves, temperature sensors, nuclear, capacitive, pressure, vacuum, distance, suspension height, pressure, backpressure, or combinations thereof. The one or more sensors may be a plurality of sensors or a plurality of sensors. All sensors may be the same type of sensor. Different types of sensors may be used together. For example, one sensor may be an infrared sensor and the other sensor may be a CMOS sensor. The one or more sensors may be color sensors. The one or more sensors may be monochrome sensors. The one or more sensors may be one or more sensors, two or more sensors, four or more sensors, six or more sensors, or even ten or more sensors. Each sensor may produce an image having a plurality of pixels. Each sensor may produce pixels that may be classified. The one or more sensors may include an air purge. The one or more sensors may include a cleaning mechanism. The one or more sensors may include a self-cleaning lens. The one or more sensors may include a swappable lens. For example, a swappable lens may be a self-wiping lens that moves under a predetermined amount of accumulation in order to remove debris from the lens. The lens may be moved longitudinally or radially so that the clean lens moves in front of the camera. The one or more sensors may include both a cleaning mechanism and an air purge. The one or more sensors may remove vapor, fluid, steam, debris, feedstock, or a combination thereof. One or more sensors may be in a position such that the sensor is a high angle sensor, a low angle sensor, a movable sensor, or a combination thereof. The high angle sensor may be located above the device being monitored (e.g., a steam box). The low angle sensor may be located below the device being monitored (e.g., a steam box). The movable sensor may be movable along the length of the device being monitored. The sensor may be positioned coplanar with the surface being measured. The sensor may be perpendicular to the surface being measured.

The one or more movable sensors may be located above the wet end, and the one or more movable sensors may be movable in the machine direction, the cross-machine direction, or a direction therebetween. One or more movable sensors may be positioned along one side of the wet end. One or more movable sensors may be located below the line of the wet end. The movable sensor may be used to travel in a cross-machine direction along the surface of the steam box, in a radial or machine direction along the surface of the steam box, or both. After cleaning the surface of the steam box, the movable sensor may be moved along the surface to determine whether debris has been removed. The moveable sensor may be attached to a frame, a wire, may be a drone (vine), may be unattached to any device, may be suspended from a ceiling, may be suspended from a boom, suspended from a shower, suspended from a brush, attached to a moving arm, attached to an actuator (e.g., an actuator that moves in a cross-machine direction), or a combination thereof. The movable sensor may be enlarged, reduced or both. The movable sensor may be movable with the light such that the area of interest is illuminated as the movable sensor moves. The movable sensor is movable in a cross-machine direction. The movable sensor is movable in the machine direction. The movable sensor may be moved diagonally. The movable sensor may be a plurality of sensors. The movable sensor may be a camera, a thermal camera, a temperature sensor, or a combination thereof. The movable sensor may be wired, wireless, using bluetooth, using wifi, using radio waves, or a combination thereof. The movable sensor may be in communication with other sensors and may be moved to a location of interest based on measurements made by the other sensors. The movable sensor and other sensors may be in communication with a control system, and the control system may control the position sensed by the movable sensor based on feedback detected by the sensors (e.g., a high angle sensor, a low angle sensor, or both). The movable sensor may operate without a light (i.e., at ambient conditions). The movable sensor may be movable with the light such that when the movable sensor moves, the light moves to illuminate the area of interest.

One or more lights are used to illuminate the area of interest. One or more of the lamps may be fixed or movable. The one or more lights may be flash lights. One or more lamps may be always on. One or more lights may be turned on only during the cleaning cycle. One or more lights may be sufficiently bright so that a visual inspection may be performed. The lamp may have a brightness of about 1 million candelas or greater, 2 million candelas or greater, 3 million candelas or greater, or 10 million candelas or less. The lights, sensors, monitoring systems, or both may be positioned proximate the steam box, vacuum roll, or both.

The vacuum roll may be used to remove more water from the stock, paper, formed sheets of paper, or combinations thereof. The vacuum roll may be a couch roll. The vacuum roll may be a passive vacuum roll (i.e., having holes to receive and remove fluid). The vacuum roll may be an active vacuum roll (i.e., having a suction force that draws fluid into the roll). The vacuum roll may be located in the wet section. The vacuum roll may be located in the press section. The vacuum roll may be positioned adjacent to the dryer. The vacuum roll may be positioned close to the yankee dryer.

A yankee dryer may be used to remove water from the paper. Preferably, the yankee dryer removes water from paper towels, tissue, paper towels, toilet tissue or combinations thereof. The yankee dryer may not be in direct contact with the steam box. The yankee dryer may be located after the steam box. The steam box may introduce a fluid to the paper such that, once dried by the yankee dryer, the moisture profile of the paper may be consistent in the cross-machine direction (e.g., moisture content fluctuations of about 5 percent or less, or about 3 percent or less).

One or more steam boxes are used to remove water, dry paper, add water, add steam, level a cross machine moisture profile, reduce variations in the moisture profile in the cross machine direction (e.g., reduce variations in moisture to ± 10 percent or less, ± 5 percent or less, or even ± 3 percent or less), or combinations thereof. One or more steam boxes may be located in the wet section. The steam box may be located in the press section. The steam box may be positioned proximate to the dryer. One or more steam boxes may be located in the wet section. For example, one steam box may be positioned adjacent to the airfoil section and one steam box may be positioned adjacent to the vacuum roll. The steam box may be located between the airfoil sections. One or more steam boxes may be located above the vacuum. The thread or felt may be located between the steam box and the paper or sheet. Preferably, the steam box may be located directly above the paper or sheet being produced. The steam box may reflect the shape of the paper at the position where the steam box is located. The surface of the steam box may reflect the shape of the paper or the roll. For example, if the paper is between the roller and the fins, the steam box will be flat, and if the paper is being wound around the roller, the steam box may have a curved shape. The steam box, the surface of the steam box, or both, may include a coating. The coating may be a non-stick coating. The coating may be a hardened coating to prevent wear. The coating may be or include Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), anodization, hard anodized aluminum, a ceramic coating, or a combination thereof. One or more of the steam boxes may include a housing that protects internal components, directs steam toward a sheet of paper, maintains the steam box in place, or a combination thereof.

The housing may be used to support the steam box at a predetermined position. The housing may guide the steam in a predetermined direction. The housing may be an enclosure that houses a diffuser, a valve, a steam header, is connected to a support arm, is connected to a linear actuator, is connected to a rotary actuator, has a pivot point, has a regional supply tube, has a guide, has a slide, or a combination thereof. The housing may contain all of the elements of the steam box discussed herein, and the housing may be movable, and the components of the steam box may move with the housing. The housing may be made of metal or plastic. Preferably, the housing is made of stainless steel. More preferably, the housing is made of 316 stainless steel or a corrosion resistant alloy. The housing may be substantially closed at locations where steam is not desired, such that the steam is directed toward the one or more diffusers.

The diffuser serves to allow fluid and/or steam to exit the housing, the steam box, or both. The diffuser may spread the steam so that it is applied uniformly or substantially uniformly to the location of interest. The diffuser may be a single sheet that extends across the width of the paper machine in the cross-machine direction. The diffuser may be a plurality of plates connected together (e.g., using fasteners, welding, a frame, or a combination thereof). The diffuser may be a plurality of discrete plates positioned end-to-end. The diffuser may be flat. The diffuser may be curved. The diffuser may be perforated. The diffuser may include a plurality of holes or perforations. The diffuser may include slots (e.g., elliptical holes), slits (e.g., elongated elliptical holes or substantially two-dimensional holes), geometric holes, asymmetric holes, symmetric holes, or a combination thereof that supply steam to a location of interest. The diffuser may be one or more plates covering the valve, the area feed pipe, or both, such that the diffuser helps spread the steam over a predetermined surface area as the steam is fed towards the diffuser. There may be a diffuser across the length of the machine in the steam box. Preferably there are a plurality of diffusers along the cross machine length of the steam box. For example, every foot or more or two feet or more may start a new diffuser. There may be one or more or two or more diffusers in the machine direction. For example, two or more diffusers may be stacked side-by-side to form a surface of the diffuser at a predetermined location. Two diffusers may be positioned close to each other and steam may be applied in the gap between the diffusers. Preferably, the steam is applied through a diffuser. The diffuser may comprise a chamber. The diffuser may comprise two or more, three or more, or four or more chambers. The chamber may control the application of steam within the zone. The diffuser may be a zone box or each section of the diffuser may be a zone box. A diffuser may have multiple zones or zone boxes that distribute steam from one or more zone feed pipes. The diffuser may comprise or be a panel. A portion of the diffuser may be a panel. The panel may be a portion of the diffuser positioned proximate to the paper, a portion of the diffuser where the paper contacts it, a portion of the diffuser that is the outermost surface of the steam box, or a combination thereof. The diffuser, the faceplate, or both may include a coating. The coating may be a non-stick coating. The coating may be a hardened coating to prevent wear. The coating may be or include Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), anodization, hard anodized aluminum, a ceramic coating, or a combination thereof. The diffuser may allow a predetermined amount of steam to pass through for a predetermined amount of time. Preferably, the diffuser applies all of the metered steam and the diffuser spreads the steam over a predetermined area. Each diffuser may be positioned adjacent to or over one valve. Each diffuser may cover one, two, three, four, five, six or more valves.

The valve is used to provide steam, meter steam, or both to a predetermined location. These valves can be controlled to control the moisture profile of the paper. The valve may be opened or closed to increase the heat of the sheet, increase the moisture of the sheet, increase the drying of the sheet, or a combination thereof. The valve may be electronically controlled by a controller. The valve may be in electrical or signal communication with the scanner, a Distributed Control System (DCS), or both. The valve may be opened to any percentage from zero percent to 100 percent or any percentage therebetween. The opening or closing of one valve may be independent of the other. For example, one valve may open to fifty percent, another valve may open to sixty percent, a third valve may open to twenty percent, and yet another valve may open to ninety percent. The valve may be in fluid communication with one or more steam headers.

One or more steam headers may supply steam from a boiler or steam source to a steam box, valves, zone feed, or a combination thereof. The steam header may supply a sufficient amount of steam such that each zone feed pipe, each valve, or a combination thereof can supply as much steam as needed. For example, if each valve is open by 100 percent, each valve will be able to supply substantially the same amount of steam. The steam header may move with the steam box. The steam header may include a flexible region such that the steam header remains connected to the steam box when the steam box is moved laterally, rotationally, or both. The steam header may supply steam to a valve that may meter the steam to a zone feed pipe within the steam box, which may then supply the steam to a diffuser that diffuses the steam and applies the steam to the paper.

One or more zone feed tubes may convey steam from the valve to the diffuser such that the diffuser distributes the steam to the paper as the paper passes through the steam box. The zone feed pipe is used to supply steam to the diffuser. The feed areas are positioned evenly spaced in the cross-machine direction. The zone feed tubes may be distributed such that the cross machine moisture profile may be controlled, regulated, or both controlled and regulated. The zone feed pipe may extend between the diffuser and the steam header. The zone feed tube may move with the steam box as it moves, but will remain fixed relative to the steam box and the steam box moves relative to the support arm.

One or more support arms are used to support the steam box relative to the paper or stock so that steam can be applied to the paper or stock. The support arm may be located on one side and the steam box may be cantilevered in the cross-machine direction. Preferably, a support arm is located on each end of the steam box. The support arms may be located in the center of the steam box or between the ends of the steam box as long as the support arms do not interfere with the paper machine or the paper being produced. The support arm may be made of metal or plastic. The support arms may be sufficiently strong to support the steam box and associated components. The support arm may include one or more guides.

One or more guides may be used to control or limit the movement of the slide, the steam box, or both. One or more guides may allow movement in one direction but restrict movement in a second or third direction. The guide may be a track along which the slide, the steam box, or both move. The guide may be a track that determines the movement of the steam box. The guide may be substantially straight such that the orientation of the steam box remains constant as the steam box moves along the guide. The guide may include one or more bends such that the steam box moves laterally (or longitudinally) and rotationally relative to the rollers, the support arms, or both as the steam box or the slides move along the guide. The guide may change the orientation of the steam box as the steam box moves, causing the steam box to rotate. Only a single actuator may be required when the guide helps rotate the steam box. For example, the steam box may rotate as it moves along the support arms. The guide may work with an actuating device that moves the steam box rotationally, moves the steam box linearly, or both. The guide may move the steam box in a predetermined pattern such that the steam box moves away from the roller, paper, line, or combination thereof and then returns to the roller, paper, line, or combination thereof to continue operation. The guide may be devoid of material in the support arm. The guide may have a shape of a square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, "S" -shape, "V" -shape, "N" -shape, "W" -shape, "M" -shape, "Z" -shape, or a combination thereof. The guide may be a portion of the support arm that is positioned proximate to or connected to the one or more actuators. The support arm may be connected to or include a linear actuator, a rotary actuator, or both.

The linear actuator is used to move the steam box away from an adjacent component (e.g., wire, paper, rollers, or a combination thereof) such that a space is created between the steam box and the adjacent component. The linear actuator may move the steam box in a straight line. The linear actuator may move the steam box about the support arm, along the support arm, or both. The linear actuator may be connected to the steam box at the center of gravity such that the steam box maintains its orientation as the steam box moves. The linear actuator may be connected to the steam box at a location near the pivot, at the pivot, or both, such that as the steam box moves, the steam box pivots relative to the support arm and the orientation of the steam box relative to the roller, wire, paper, or a combination thereof changes. The linear actuator may move the steam box in a cross-machine direction, away from the paper, away from the line, or combinations thereof. The linear actuator may be or include a piston, servo motor, chain drive, belt drive, with electric motor, pump, screw driven, pressure driven, gear, cog, chain, telescoping, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the linear actuator moves the steam box along a plane or line. The linear actuator may be a servo motor or an actuator that moves the steam box linearly or in a linear motion.

The rotary actuator is used to cause rotational movement of the steam box. The rotary actuator and the linear actuator may be the same device. For example, the steam box may be rotated by movement along the guide, and the actuator may have only linear motion. The rotary actuator may be a device other than a linear actuator. The rotary actuator may operate simultaneously with the linear actuator. The rotary actuator may work after the linear actuator. The rotary actuator may be connected to the pivot point. The rotary actuator may be connected (directly or indirectly) to the support arm. The rotary actuator may be connected to the slider. The rotary actuator may be connected to a rotating arm that helps rotate the steam box. The rotary actuator may be the same device as discussed herein for the linear actuator. Preferably, the rotary actuator may be a servo motor or an actuator that rotationally moves the steam box by the rotary actuator pushing the rotating arm linearly about the pivot. The rotary actuator may be angularly positioned relative to the support arm such that the rotary actuator rotates the steam box relative to the support arm as the steam box moves rotationally about the pivot. The angle of the rotary actuator relative to the support arm may determine the amount of rotation of the steam box about the pivot. The angle of the support arm and the rotary actuator may determine the amount of travel of the steam box when the steam box is in the operating position, the retracted position, or both. The angle may be about 15 degrees or greater, about 25 degrees or greater, about 45 degrees or greater, about 60 degrees or greater, or about 75 degrees or greater when the steam box is in the operating position, the retracted position, or both. The angle may be about 180 degrees or less, about 150 degrees or less, about 135 degrees or less, about 105 degrees or less, or about 95 degrees or less (+ -5 degrees) when the steam box is in the operating position, the retracted position, or both. In the rotated position, the angle of the rotary actuator relative to the support arm may determine the amount of rotation of the steam box. The angle relative to the support arm may be about 5 degrees or greater, about 10 degrees or greater, about 15 degrees or greater (which may be a negative angle (i.e., the rotary actuator may rotate the rotary arm through the plane of the support arm)) when the steam box is in the rotated position. The angle relative to the support arm may be about 90 degrees or less, about 60 degrees or less, about 25 degrees or less (which may be a negative angle (i.e., the rotary actuator may rotate the rotary arm through the plane of the support arm)) when the steam box is in the rotated position. The rotary actuator may rotate the pivot arm about the pivot to change the rotational orientation of the steam box.

The pivot may be used to allow rotational movement of the steam box relative to the frame, support arms, rollers, paper, wire, or combinations thereof. The pivot can help move the steam box away from the paper machine so that debris does not contaminate the paper or the paper machine when the steam box is cleaned. The pivot may comprise one or more bearings. The pivot may be a low friction surface (e.g., two plastic pieces or plastic and metal that move relative to each other). The pivot may be a joint. The pivot may be an axis. The steam box is movable about a pivot. The pivot may be an ear located outside the steam box and received in a bearing or sleeve. The pivot may extend into or contact the rotating arm such that when the rotating arm moves, the steam box pivots.

The rotating arm is used to rotate a steam box, a brush, a jet, or a combination thereof between two or more locations. The rotating arm is used to move a steam box, a brush, a sprayer, a cleaning device, or a combination thereof. The rotating arm is connected to an actuator (e.g., a rotary actuator). The rotating arm, when moved, rotates the steam box, the brush, the sprayer, the cleaning device, or a combination thereof. The rotating arm may cause the steam box to move rotationally as the steam box moves linearly. The rotating arm may rotate by contacting the guide, extending along the guide, contacting the support arm, or a combination thereof. The rotating arm may be contacted by an actuator to move the steam box, the brush, the jet, the cleaning device, or a combination thereof about the pivot. The steam box may have a single rotating arm (on the operating side, on the transmission side). Preferably, the steam box has two rotating arms, one on each side. The pivot arm may extend outwardly from the pivot. The rotating arm may provide a mechanical advantage. The swivel arm may be a cylinder, a gear, a chain, a cable, or a combination thereof. The rotating arm may be a cantilever device. The pivot arm may be attached at the pivot. The pivot arm may be connected to the sleeve of the pivot. The rotating arm may be located on or near the slider.

The slides may be used to move the steam box linearly, to move the steam box rotationally, to support the steam box within or relative to the support arms, or combinations thereof. The slide may move within the guide, and the guide may indicate movement of the steam box. For example, if the guide is straight, the steam box may move in a straight line. If the guide is curved, the steam box may move in a curved pattern. The slider may be directly connected to an actuator (e.g., a linear actuator). The slider may have a shape complementary to the shape of the guide. The slider may be circular, square, rectangular, oval, octagonal, pentagonal, or a combination thereof. The slides facilitate movement of the steam box along the support arms while limiting movement of the steam box. The slider can move the steam box toward and away from the cleaning system.

The cleaning system may be used to clean steam boxes, diffusers, valves, area feeds, suction rolls, suction nip rolls, rolls including holes, rolls including through holes, holes including dimples, screens, rolls including suction, rolls that may have portions that may become clogged or dirty, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the cleaning system cleans the diffuser. The cleaning system may be pneumatically cleaned, hydraulically cleaned, mechanically cleaned, or a combination thereof. The cleaning system may span the entire cross-machine direction. The cleaning system is movable in a cross-machine direction to clean the steam box. The cleaning system may include one or more zones or regions (e.g., multiple banks of nozzles) along the cross-machine. The cleaning system may work in conjunction with the monitoring system to clean the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The cleaning system may perform one or more cleaning steps or stages. The cleaning system may operate during operation, sheet break, start-up, intermittently, in a timed manner, periodically, or combinations thereof. The cleaning system may operate when the downstream sensor senses an inconsistent moisture profile reading that may indicate contamination. The cleaning system may operate when the pressure sensor indicates a back pressure, an increase in back pressure, or both. The cleaning system may include one or more pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning devices, one or more mechanical cleaning devices, or both. The cleaning system may comprise or be a cleaning carriage.

The cleaning carriage may be used to clean the steam box, the dispenser, or both. The cleaning carriage is movable along the steam box in a cross-machine direction. The cleaning carriage may be connected to the steam box. The cleaning carriage may be held close to the steam box. The cleaning carriage may be directly connected to the steam box. The cleaning carriage may be indirectly connected to the steam box. The cleaning carriage may include a shower, a brush, or both. The cleaning bracket may include one or more showers, two or more showers, three or more showers, or four or more showers. The cleaning cradle may include 10 or fewer showers, 8 or fewer showers, or 6 or fewer showers. The cleaning carriage may include one or more brushes, two or more brushes, three or more brushes, or four or more brushes. The cleaning carriage may include 10 or fewer brushes, 8 or fewer brushes, or 6 or fewer brushes. The cleaning carriage may be mechanically cleaned, hydraulically cleaned, or both as the cleaning carriage moves along the steam box. The cleaning carriage may be cleaned when the steam box is in the retracted position, the rotated position, or both. The cleaning carriage may include one or more connectors.

One or more connectors are used to connect the cleaning carriage to the steam box, the support frame, the support track, or a combination thereof. The connector may allow the cleaning carriage to move along the steam box, the support frame, the support track, or a combination thereof. The connector may help to generate the force. The connector may press one or more brushes into contact with the surface of the steam box. The connector may hold the cleaning carriage in place and then the steam box may be moved into contact with the cleaning carriage. The connector may be connected to the support frame, the support rail, or both. The connector may allow for movement across the machine. The cleaning carriage may include one or more, two or more, three or more, or four or more connectors. The connector may be one or more moving members.

The moving member may be used to allow the cleaning carriage to move relative to the steam box, the support frame, the support track, or a combination thereof. The moving members may be located on opposite edges or sides of the steam box, the cleaning carriage, or both. The moving member may be connected to the support rail. The cleaning carriage may include one or more, two or more, three or more, or four or more moving members. Each corner of the cleaning carriage may include a moving member. The moving member may be located in a central portion of the cleaning carriage. The moving member may assist in pulling the brush into contact with the diffuser. The moving member is movable in a cross-machine direction. The moving member may suspend the cleaning carriage from the steam box. The moving member may be a low friction sliding member. For example, the moving member may be a fixed member connected to another fixed member. The moving member may be a plastic, polymer, or combination thereof that slides along the other portion. The moving member may be coated or include a coating. The moving member may be or comprise polytetrafluoroethylene. The moving member is rotatable about a pivot or axis. The moving member may be a moving member or a wheel. The moving member may be a wheel, a roller, or both. The moving member may extend around the support rail. The moving member may be connected to an end of the support rail. The moving member may move along the support frame or the support rail.

The support rail may be connected to the moving member. The support rail may be part of the cleaning carriage. The support rail may be part of the support frame. The support rails may extend in the cross-machine direction along the length of the papermaking machine. The support rails may extend parallel to the steam box. A portion of the steam box may include or may be a support rail. The support rail may be flat. The support rails may have points or peaks. The support rail may have a guide rail. The support rails may allow the cleaning carriage to be directly connected to the steam box. The support track may support the cleaning carriage proximate the steam box. The support rails may indirectly connect the cleaning carriage to the steam box. The support rails may allow for movement along the frame, across the machine, along the surface of the steam box, or a combination thereof. The support track may receive the rollers. The support rails may allow cleaning carriages to be added to and removed from the steam box. The support rails may prevent the cleaning carriage from being removable from any location other than the loading or unloading portion of the steam box. The support rail may be connected to or be part of the support frame.

The support frame may be used to support a portion of a paper machine, a steam box, a cleaning system, a cleaning carriage, or a combination thereof. The support frame may be a metal structure. The support frame may span in the machine direction. The support frame may span in the cross-machine direction. The support frame may be fixed. The support frame may support the removal system.

The removal system may be used to prevent debris, contaminants, fluids, or a combination thereof from falling into the papermaking machine during cleaning. The removal system may move with the cleaning carriage. The removal system may follow the cleaning carriage. The removal system may extend the length of the cleaning carriage. The removal system is movable along the steam box. The removal system may be a fixture located below the steam box. The removal system may include a vacuum, basket, drain, storage tank, or a combination thereof. The removal system can prevent debris, contaminants, fluids, or combinations thereof from falling on the paper, thread, felt, or combinations thereof. The removal system may direct debris, contaminants, fluids, or combinations thereof into a waste pit (broke pit), under a paper machine, in a sewer, or combinations thereof. The removal system may passively collect items removed during cleaning. The removal system may actively collect items removed during cleaning. The removal system may redirect articles removed during cleaning to a location outside of the papermaking machine. Pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning devices (hereinafter FCDs (i.e., fluid cleaning devices)) may be used for cleaning by directing fluid into contact with the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The FCD may direct the fluid at the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The FCDs may not be in direct contact. FCDs may remove debris by ejecting the debris such that the debris flies, is blown away, softens, or a combination thereof. The FCD may inject air, water, or both. The FCD may apply water, grey water, or both. The FCD may supply a sufficient amount of water to cause any debris (e.g., paper dust, stickies, chemical buildup) to be softened and removed. The FCD may be ejected in the direction that the diffuser faces. The FCD may spray air over the diffuser to remove dry paper dust. If the debris is wet paper, the FCD can jet the fluid. The FCD may apply the fluid at a pressure of about 0.7MPa or greater, about 1.5MPa or greater, about 3.5MPa or greater, about 10MPa or greater, about 15MPa or greater, about 20MPa or greater, about 25MPa or greater, about 30MPa or greater. The FCD may apply the fluid at a pressure of about 100MPa or less, about 75MPa or less, about 50MPa or less, or about 40MPa or less. The FCD may inject air first and then water. The FCD may be sprayed with water and then air. The FCD may comprise a rod having one or more nozzles. Preferably, the FCD comprises a plurality of nozzles extending in the cross-machine direction along the rod. The FCD may comprise one or more rows of nozzles. The FCD may include 2,3, 4, 5 or more rows of nozzles. Preferably, the FCD comprises an array of nozzles.

The nozzles are used to supply fluid to the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The nozzles are used to help remove or move debris, paper dust, or a combination thereof from the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The nozzle may deliver a sufficient amount of fluid to clean the steam box or diffuser. The nozzles may each supply about 0.25L/min or more, about 0.5L/min or more, about 1L/min or more, or even about 2L/min or more. The nozzles can each support about 10L/min or less, about 7L/min or less, about 5L/min or less, or about 3L/min or less. The nozzles may be spaced apart by a distance. The distance between the nozzles may depend on the throw distance. The nozzles may be spaced apart so that there is some overlap of the jets of each nozzle. The nozzles may be evenly spaced along the cross-machine direction of the papermaking machine. The nozzles may be arranged in groups or rows (hereinafter referred to as rows).

These rows are used to allow the nozzles to operate separately from the nozzles of the other rows. The rows may divide the steam box into multiple zones. These zones (or rows) may be divided along the longitudinal direction (cross-machine direction), the transverse direction (machine direction), or a combination of both of the steam boxes. The cleaning system may include one or more rows, two or more rows, three or more rows, five or more rows, seven or more rows, or even ten or more rows. The cleaning system may include 20 or fewer rows, 15 or fewer rows, or 12 or fewer rows. The number of rows may be determined by the cross-machine length of the steam box, the desired pressure of the fluid exiting the nozzles, or both. The nozzle rows may all be operated simultaneously. The nozzle rows may be individually opened or closed. Each row of nozzles may be controlled individually. The sequence may be controlled to work sequentially, randomly, in groups, or a combination thereof. The rows are operable to determine the pressure of the fluid exiting the nozzle. More rows can be opened if less pressure is required and closed if more pressure is required. The rows may be manipulated after inspection to re-clean the area within the row. Each row may be operated one or more times during the cleaning cycle. Some rows may operate once and some may operate multiple times. The number of rows that are active may be determined based on the desired fluid pressure or flow from the nozzle. The size of the rows (i.e., the number of nozzles) may be selected based on the size of the pumps in the system. For example, all of the rows may work together to wet the surface of the steam box, and then once the surface is wetted, some of the rows may be closed to increase the pressure for cleaning. The nozzle may be used before, during or after the mechanical cleaning device.

A Mechanical Cleaning Device (MCD) may be used to directly contact the steam box, the diffuser, or both to remove debris. The MCD may brush, scrape, or brush and scrape the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The MCD may follow the FCD while cleaning with the FCD, cleaning after the FCD, or a combination thereof. The MCD may remove wetted material, loose material, or both. The MCD may be a rotating brush. The MCD may be a metal brush, a polymer brush, or both. The MCD can be moved from a start position to an end position to clean the diffuser. The MCD may clear the through holes in the diffuser of blockages. The MCD may extend into holes or through holes in the diffuser. The MCD may rotate in the direction of movement. The MCD may rotate in the opposite direction of movement. The MCD and FCD may be located on the same moving arm. The MCD and FCD may be located on different moving arms. MCD and FCD can be used in series or in parallel. The MCD and FCD may extend across the surface of the diffuser one or more times, two or more times, or three or more times. The moving arm can move the MCD and FCD across the surface of the diffuser, steam box, or both.

The moving arm may be used to move the MCD, the FCD, or both, in order to clean the diffuser. The moving arm can rotate about a pivot. When not in use, the moving arm may retract the MCD, FCD, or both. The moving arm is movable between a storage position and a starting position. The moving arm is movable between a start position and an end position. The moving arm is movable between an end position and a storage position. The moving arm may move the brush, the plurality of nozzles, or both. The moving arms may be located on one side and a second side of the paper machine. The moving arm may be moved by one or more actuators.

The actuator is used to move the moving arm. The actuator may move the MCD, the FCD, or both. The actuator may produce movement along the surface of the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The actuator may be any actuator discussed herein with respect to a linear actuator, a rotary actuator, or both. Preferably, the actuator is a linear actuator. The actuator may move in a straight line and the moving arm may move in an arcuate path. The actuator may move the moving arm around the actuator.

The cleaning pivot allows the MCD, FCD, or both to rotate or more. The cleaning pivot may pivot between an end position, a start position, a storage position, or a combination thereof. The cleaning pivot may be a bearing. The cleaning pivot may be a part of the moving arm that extends into the sleeve to form a moveable connection. The cleaning pivot may be located at one end of the moving arm. The cleaning pivot may be located opposite the attachment point of the actuator. The cleaning pivot may allow the MCD, FCD, or both to move between the start and end positions.

The starting location may be a first side or end of the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The starting position may be on the upstream side or end of the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The starting location may be at a downstream or downstream end of the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The starting position may be where the MCD, FCD, or both begin cleaning. The MCD, FCD, or both may move from the starting position to the ending position one or more times.

The end position may be a position where the MCD, FCD, or both stop cleaning. The ending position may be a position where the MCD, FCD, or both exit the end or side of the steam box, diffuser, or both. The ending location may be where the jet, brush, or both are located on one edge or side of the steam box, diffuser, or both. The end position may only exist when the steam box is in the rotated position.

The rotational position may be a position where the steam box faces away from the roll, paper, felt, wire, or a combination thereof. The rotated position may be a position where the steam box is moved to prevent contaminants removed from the steam box from contaminating the paper machine. Contaminants may fall into a waste pit, onto the floor, or both. The cleaning system may collect contaminants or debris when the steam box is in the rotated position, the cleaning position, or both. The rotational position may be facing downwards so that contaminants fall from the paper machine. The rotated position may be a position where the surface of the steam box is parallel to the direction of gravity, or a position where the surface of the steam box is rotated through the direction of gravity (e.g., an angle less than 90 degrees with respect to a plane parallel to the floor). The rotated position may occur only when the steam box is in the retracted position.

The retracted position may be a position where the steam box is moved away from the working position, the roll, the paper, the felt, the thread, or a combination thereof. The retracted position may be a linearly moving steam box. The retracted position may be a steam box that does not rotate and moves away from the operating position. The retracted position may also have a rotational position. The rotational position may be created after the retracted position is created. The steam box may rotate as the steam box moves toward the retracted position. The steam box may be moved fully to the retracted position before the steam box is moved to the rotated position. The steam box may be movable from an operating position to a retracted position, a rotated position, or both.

The operating position may be a position in which the steam box is positioned close to the paper. The work location may be a steam box positioned adjacent to the rolls, felts, wires, or combinations thereof. The pressure gauge may be used to monitor the pressure within the steam box in the operating position, the rotational position, or both.

One or more pressure gauges are used to monitor the pressure of the steam box, zone feed, steam header, valves, or combinations thereof. One or more pressure gauges may monitor the back pressure. One or more pressure gauges may monitor pressure during use. One or more pressure gauges may monitor cleanliness by the amount of pressure applied through the dispenser. One or more pressure gauges may be used to check cleanliness after a cleaning cycle is used. One or more pressure gauges may be used to determine whether cleaning is required. One or more pressure gauges may be used in one method.

Unless otherwise specified, the method may include one or more of the steps discussed herein in substantially any order. The method may include the step of moving the steam box linearly. The method may include the step of rotating the steam box. The step of linearly moving occurs after the step of rotating. The steam box may monitor pressure. The monitoring system may monitor pressure, backpressure, or both. The monitoring system may include a pressure sensor, a visual sensor, or both. The monitoring system may monitor the steam box through the moisture profile. The monitoring system may visually inspect for debris, paper, dust, or a combination thereof located on the dispenser, the steam box, or both. The monitoring system may monitor during use. The monitoring system may monitor during cleaning. The monitoring system may monitor after the cleaning cycle is performed. The monitoring system may include one or more sensors. The monitoring system may include two or more sensors, three or more sensors, or four or more sensors. The monitoring system may move one or more sensors. The monitoring system may compare one sensor to another. The monitoring system may compare the reading to a previous reading. For example, if the visual profile is known, the profile after cleaning may be compared to the known profile to determine if debris is still present on the steam box. The monitoring system may comprise one or more lamps. The monitoring system may turn one or more lights on and off. The monitoring system may be part of a cleaning system. The cleaning system may comprise one or more cleaning devices. The method may include the step of blowing air at the steam box, the distributor, or both. The method may include the step of spraying water at the steam box, the distributor, or both. The method may include the step of spraying water and air simultaneously. The method may include the step of brushing the steam box, the distributor, or both. Brushing may be movement in one direction. The brushing may be a continuous rotary brushing. Brushing may be performed after applying air or water. Brushing may be performed prior to application of air or water. Brushing may be performed while applying air, water, or both. The step of applying water, air, brushing, or a combination thereof may occur one or more times, two or more times, or three or more times before performing one cleaning step. After performing one cleaning step, a monitoring step may then be performed. The brushing step may comprise applying a fluid through the brush. The mechanical cleaning may be direct contact cleaning. The mechanical cleaning may be a scraper passing over the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The mechanical cleaning may be pneumatically driven, hydraulically driven, or both. The method includes the step of rotating the FCD between a start position and an end position. The FCD may move in one or more directions across the steam box, the diffuser, or both. The FCD may move across the steam box, the diffuser, or both, in two or more directions. The steam box, the diffuser, or both may be monitored using the monitoring system taught herein.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of a paper machine 2 from the operating side 16. The paper machine 2 comprises a headbox 4 with a lip opening 3 which places the stock close to a forming plate 7 and onto a wire 6. The breast roll 5 is positioned close to the headbox 4. A plurality of flap sections 8 are located downstream of the forming plate 7 and the headbox 4 in the machine direction 14. The wet end of the paper machine 2 comprises a couch roll 10 and a return roll 12. As shown, the steam box 40 is located after the vane segment 8 and above the line 6, stock and couch roll 10.

Fig. 2 is a bottom perspective view of frame 11, vacuum roll 26 and steam box 40. Steam box 40 is movable by a linear actuator 50 and a rotary actuator 52.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the yankee dryer 28 in communication with the vacuum roll 26. The paper (not visible) passes around the vacuum roll 26 below the steam box 40 and between the vacuum roll 26 and the yankee dryer 28. As the rotary actuator 52 moves, the steam box 40 may pivot about the pivot 42. The steam box 40 is longitudinally movable by a linear actuator 50.

Fig. 4A is a view of the operative side 16 of the steam box 40 in the working position 100. Steam box 40 is adjacent vacuum roll 26. The rotary actuator 52 is lifted by the vacuum roll 26 and rotates the steam box 40 about the pivot 54 into position. The linear actuator 50 moves the slide 58 to move the steam box 40 to the vacuum roll 26. The cleaning system 60 is located below the steam box 40 and adjacent to the steam box 40, as shown, the cleaning system 60 is in a storage position.

Fig. 4B is a drive side 18 view of the steam box 40. A slide 58 is located within the guide 57 of the support arm 49 to guide the steam box 40 as it moves. The cleaning system 60 is located below the steam box 40.

Fig. 5A is a view of the operative side 16 of the steam box 40 in the retracted position 102. The steam box 40 moves away from the vacuum roll 26. The rotary actuator 52 maintains the steam box 40 in a rotary position while the slide 58 is moved downward by the linear actuator 50. Adjacent to the steam box 40 is a cleaning system 60.

Fig. 5B is a drive side 18 view of the steam box 40 moved away from the vacuum roll 26 by the linear actuator 50. When the linear actuator 50 moves, the slider 58 moves along the guide 57. The rotary actuator 52 maintains the steam box 40 in an upright position.

Fig. 6 is a side view of steam box 40 rotated to rotating section (or cleaning position) 104. In the rotated position, steam box 40 is rotated about pivot 54 by rotating actuator 52 moving rotating arm 55 of steam box 40. The linear actuator 50 has moved the steam box linearly such that the steam box 40 moves closer to the cleaning system 60.

Fig. 7 is a side view of the steam box 40 rotated downward and the cleaning system 60 in the starting position 72. In the starting position 72, the moving arm 66 moves the pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device (e.g., shower) 62 and the nozzle 76 to the first side of the steam box. The steam box 40 includes a pressure gauge 78 that helps monitor the pressure within the steam box 40.

Fig. 8 is a side view of the steam box 40 rotated downward and the cleaning system 60 in the end position 74. In the end position 74, the moving arm 66 moves the pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 and the nozzle 76 to the second side of the steam box. The steam box 40 includes a pressure gauge 78 that helps monitor the pressure within the steam box 40.

Fig. 9 is a bottom perspective view of the cleaning system and monitoring system 20. The monitoring system 20 includes a lamp 22 and a sensor 24, and after performing a cleaning cycle, the sensor 24 checks the steam box 40. The pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 has a cleaning pivot 70 at both ends and an actuator 68 that moves the pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 relative to the moving arm 66 so that the steam box 40 is cleaned.

Fig. 10 shows a cleaning system 60 having a pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 and a mechanical cleaning device (e.g., brush) 64, the pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 and the mechanical cleaning device 64 working in conjunction to clean the steam box 40. The pneumatic or hydraulic cleaning device 62 and the mechanical cleaning device 64 are movable by an actuator 68 about a moving arm 66.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the steam box 40. The steam box 40 includes a housing 42 that holds a valve 46 connected to a zone feed 56 that feeds fluid (e.g., steam) to a diffuser 44 that applies the fluid to stock and/or paper (not shown). A steam header 48 supplies steam to the steam box 40 and a valve 46 controls the amount of steam applied to the paper sheet (not shown) being produced.

Fig. 12 is a side view of the steam box 40 with the cleaning system 60. The cleaning system 60 includes a cleaning carriage 80 that moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning bracket 80 includes a shower 62 and a brush 64, the shower 62 and the brush 64 cleaning the steam box 40 as the cleaning bracket 80 moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 includes a connector 82 that includes a moving member 88, shown as a roller, that moves along a support rail 86. When the steam box is in the retracted position 102, the cleaning carriage 80 is cleaning the steam box 40 as shown.

Fig. 13 is a side view of the steam box 40 with the cleaning system 60. The cleaning system 60 includes a cleaning carriage 80 that moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning bracket 80 includes a shower 62 and a brush 64, the shower 62 and the brush 64 cleaning the steam box 40 as the cleaning bracket 80 moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 includes a connector 82 that includes a moving member 88 that extends around the support track 86 to movably connect the cleaning carriage 80 to the steam box 40.

Fig. 14 is a side view of the steam box 40 with the cleaning system 60. The cleaning system 60 includes a cleaning carriage 80 that moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning bracket 80 includes a shower 62 and a brush 64, the shower 62 and the brush 64 cleaning the steam box 40 as the cleaning bracket 80 moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 includes a connector 82 that includes a moving member 88 that extends around the support track 86 to movably connect the cleaning carriage 80 to the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 also includes a removal system 90 that collects fluid and debris removed during cleaning. When the steam box is in the rotated position 104, the cleaning carriage 80 is cleaning the steam box 40 as shown.

Fig. 15 is a side view of the steam box 40 with the cleaning system 60. The cleaning system 60 includes a cleaning carriage 80 that moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning bracket 80 includes a shower 62 and a brush 64, the shower 62 and the brush 64 cleaning the steam box 40 as the cleaning bracket 80 moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 includes a connector 82 that includes a moving member 88, shown as a roller, that moves along a support rail 86. The support rails 86 are connected to and extend from the support frame 84. The support rails 86 extend along the cross-machine length of the papermaking machine. When the steam box is in the retracted position 102, the cleaning carriage 80 is shown cleaning the steam box 40.

Fig. 16 is a side view of a steam box 40 with a cleaning system 60. The cleaning system 60 includes a cleaning carriage 80 that moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning bracket 80 includes a shower 62 and a brush 64, the shower 62 and the brush 64 cleaning the steam box 40 as the cleaning bracket 80 moves along the steam box 40. The cleaning carriage 80 is movable along a support frame 84, which is also a support rail 86. The support rails 86 extend along the cross-machine length of the papermaking machine. When the steam box is in the rotated position 104, the cleaning bracket 80 is shown cleaning the steam box 40.

Variation 1 may include: a system, the system comprising: (a) a housing; (b) a support arm; and (c) a rotary actuator that rotates the steam box between the operating position and the rotated position.

Variation 2 may include the steam box of variation 1 and may include a steam box having a linear actuator that moves the steam box linearly toward and away from the operating position.

Variation 3 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein the steam box includes a rotating arm connected to a rotating actuator.

Variation 4 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the steam box is rotated 45 degrees or more between the operating position and the rotated position.

Variation 5 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein a support arm is located on each end of the housing.

Variation 6 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein a rotary actuator is located on each end of the housing.

Variation 7 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the rotary actuator is in communication with the rotary arm, and the rotary actuator moves the rotary arm to move the steam box.

Variation 8 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein the steam box includes a pivot and the steam box pivots about the pivot between the operating position and the rotated position.

Variation 9 may include the steam box of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein the support arm includes a guide that controls movement of the steam box relative to the support arm.

Variation 10 may include: a system, the system comprising: (a) a steam box and optionally the steam box of any of variations 1 to 9; and (b) a monitoring system that monitors cleanliness of the steam box.

Variation 11 may include the system of any of the preceding variations or variation 10, and may include wherein the monitoring system visually inspects the steam box.

Variation 12 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring system monitors the pressure of the steam box.

Variation 13 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring system includes a sensor.

Variation 14 may include the system of any of the preceding variations or variation 13, and may include wherein the sensor is positioned coplanar with the steam box when the steam box is in the rotated position.

Variation 15 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the sensor is movable along a surface of the steam box.

Variation 16 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the sensor monitors the system during use, after a cleaning cycle, or both during use and after a cleaning cycle.

Variation 17 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the system includes a cleaning system.

Variation 18 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning system includes a mechanical cleaning device.

Variation 19 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the mechanical cleaning device is a brush, a scraper, or both.

Variation 20 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning system includes a fluid cleaning device.

Variation 21 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the fluid cleaning device is a pneumatic cleaning device, a hydraulic cleaning device, or both.

Variation 22 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the fluid cleaning device includes a shower nozzle.

Variation 23 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring system includes a camera.

Variation 24 may include: a system, the system comprising: (a) a steam box and optionally the steam box of any of variations 1 to 9; and (b) a cleaning system that moves relative to the steam box to clean the steam box; and optionally, the system of any of variations 10 to 23.

Variation 25 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning system includes shower nozzles spaced along the surface of the steam box, and the shower nozzles are movable relative to the surface of the steam box to clean the steam box.

Variation 26 may include the system of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein the system includes a mechanical cleaning device that contacts the steam box to clean the steam box.

Variation 27 may include the system of any of the preceding variations and may include wherein the cleaning system includes a hydraulic cleaning system that sprays fluid on the steam box and moves the sprayer around the steam box.

Variation 28 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning system includes a cleaning carriage.

Variation 29 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning carriage is movable along the steam box.

Variation 30 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning carriage includes a brush, a shower, or both.

Variation 31 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning carriage includes a removal system.

Variation 32 may include the system of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning carriage includes a moving member that holds the cleaning carriage proximate to the steam box and facilitates moving the cleaning carriage along the steam box.

Variation 33 may include: a method, the method comprising: (a) monitoring the cleanliness of the steam box, optionally the steam box of any of variations 1 to 9, using a monitoring system; (b) cleaning the steam box with one or more cleaning devices that are capable of moving back and forth across the surface of the steam box, and optionally the cleaning system of any of variations 24 to 32; (c) rotating the steam box from the operating position to a rotated position; (d) or a combination of a, b and c, and optionally monitored using the system of any of variations 10 to 23.

Variation 34 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring step includes using the monitoring system of any of variations 10-23.

Variation 35 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the cleaning step includes using the cleaning system of any of variations 24-32.

Variation 36 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the rotating step includes using the rotary actuator of any of variations 1-9.

Variation 37 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring system monitors the steam box after performing the cleaning cycle.

Variation 38 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include wherein the monitoring system includes a camera.

Variation 39 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include cleaning with a fluid.

Variation 40 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include cleaning with a brush.

Variation 41 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include cleaning with a fluid prior to cleaning with the brush.

Variation 42 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include moving the cleaning carriage across a surface of the steam box.

Variation 43 may include the method, system, or steam box of any of the preceding variations, and may include removing fluid, debris, or both with a removal system.

Any numerical value described herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value in increments of one unit provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value. As an example, if it is stated that the amount of a component or a value of a process variable, such as temperature, pressure, time, etc., is, for example, from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, it is meant that values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32, etc., are expressly enumerated in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1, as the case may be. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated, are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application in a similar manner.

Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include endpoints and all numbers between endpoints. The use of "about" or "approximately" in connection with a range applies to both ends of the range. Thus, "about 20 to 30" is intended to encompass "about 20 to about 30", including at least the endpoints specified.

The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing the combination is intended to include the identified elements, components or steps, as well as such other elements, components or steps, which do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" herein to describe combinations of elements, ingredients, components or steps also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of, or even consist of, the elements, ingredients, components or steps.

A plurality of elements, components, groups or steps may be provided by a single integrated element, component, group or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, composition or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, compositions or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose additional elements, ingredients, components or steps.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments as well as many applications besides the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Omission in the claims of any aspect of subject matter disclosed herein is not a disclaimer of such subject matter, nor is the inventors to consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.