阅读说明：本技术 航空三级式起动发电系统励磁控制器及转子位置估算方法 (Excitation controller of aviation three-stage starting power generation system and rotor position estimation method ) 是由 焦宁飞 刘卫国 张小科 梁培鑫 于 2021-07-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种本发明提出的一种航空三级式起动发电系统励磁控制器及转子位置估算方法,以新的励磁控制器拓扑取代原有的拓扑结构。由共直流母线的三相全桥可控电路和H桥可控电路组成,其中三相全桥可控电路与具有高凸极特性的永磁副励磁机定子三相绕组连接,H桥可控电路与励磁机定子励磁绕组连接。系统起动阶段,永磁副励磁机采用不含转速环仅含电流环的矢量控制策略,采用已有旋转高频注入或脉振高频注入的方法在线估算永磁副励磁机的转子位置,在加上副励磁机和主电机转子位置的差值获取主电机的转子位置。本发明稳定性高、所估算出的转子位置精度高,具有励磁调节方便可控的特点。(The invention relates to an excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system and a rotor position estimation method, which replace the original topological structure with a new excitation controller topology. The permanent magnet auxiliary exciter comprises a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit and an H-bridge controllable circuit, wherein the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit is connected with a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter stator with high salient pole characteristics, and the H-bridge controllable circuit is connected with an exciter stator exciting winding. And in the system starting stage, the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter adopts a vector control strategy without a rotating speed ring and only a current ring, the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated on line by adopting the existing method of rotating high-frequency injection or pulse vibration high-frequency injection, and the rotor position of the main motor is obtained by adding the difference value of the rotor positions of the auxiliary exciter and the main motor. The invention has the characteristics of high stability, high estimated rotor position precision and convenient and controllable excitation regulation.)

1. An excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system is characterized by comprising a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit and an H-bridge controllable circuit, wherein the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit is connected with a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter stator with high salient pole characteristics, and the H-bridge controllable circuit is connected with an exciter stator excitation winding; when the system starts, the direct current bus of the excitation controller is supplied with direct current power by external power supply, an H-bridge controllable circuit provides single-phase alternating current excitation or direct current excitation for an exciter stator excitation winding, and a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in an inversion state to control the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; the main motor operates in an electric state to output torque to drive the aircraft engine to start; when the system generates electricity, the power supply of the excitation controller is disconnected, the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in a rectification state, the three-phase alternating current of the stator of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is rectified into direct current by utilizing the three-phase full-bridge controllable rectification or the uncontrolled rectification of an anti-parallel diode, and the H-bridge controllable circuit provides required direct current excitation for the exciter by utilizing the direct current in a chopping mode; the main motor operates in a generating state to provide electrical energy for the load of the onboard electrical system.

2. The excitation controller for an aviation three-stage starter power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: the exciter types include single-phase exciter, two-phase exciter and three-phase exciter.

3. The excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starter power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: when a two-phase exciter or a three-phase exciter is adopted, a corresponding power bridge arm is added in an H-bridge controllable circuit of the excitation controller.

4. A novel rotor position estimation method for a three-stage starting generator system starting stage by adopting an aviation three-stage starting generator system excitation controller as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: when the motor is started, the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter adopts a vector control strategy which does not contain a rotating speed ring and only contains a current ring under the control of a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit of an excitation controller, wherein the reference values of direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current are both 0;

step 2: the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated on line by adopting the existing method of rotating high-frequency injection or pulse vibration high-frequency injection;

and step 3: and (3) utilizing the characteristic that the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the main motor are coaxially arranged, and adding the difference value of the rotor positions of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the main motor to the step (2) to estimate the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter on line to obtain the rotor position of the main motor, namely the rotor position of the three-stage starting generator.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motor rotor position estimation, and relates to an excitation controller of an aviation three-level starting power generation system and a rotor position estimation method.

Background

With the development of multi-electric aircraft, the starting and power generation integration technology with the advantages of small volume and weight, high system integration level and the like is subject to more and more research and attention. An aviation three-stage brushless synchronous motor is a key research object of the technology, and the integrated application of starting and power generation is successfully realized on a Boeing 787 aircraft in the United states. The aviation three-stage brushless synchronous starting power generation system (three-stage starting power generation system for short) mainly comprises a main motor, an exciter, a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter, a rotary rectifier, a corresponding controller and a corresponding switching unit, wherein the main motor, the exciter, the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the rotary rectifier are coaxially arranged.

The power generation technology of the three-stage starting power generation system is mature, and the key point for realizing the integration of starting and power generation is starting control. Accurate main motor rotor position is required at system start-up control, and conventional mechanical position sensors result in increased size, weight and cost, and poor adaptability to harsh conditions such as complex electromagnetic environments. Therefore, the method has important significance in developing the estimation research of the rotor position of the three-stage starting power generation system.

The estimation of the rotor position of the three-stage starting power generation system according to different rotating speeds can be divided into two types: rotor position estimation of the zero low speed section and the medium high speed section. In the middle-high speed stage, the back emf is large, so the rotor position estimation of the three-stage starting power generation system based on the back emf is mature, and the estimation precision is high. However, when the system is in a zero low-speed stage, the back electromotive force is small, and a rotor position estimation algorithm based on the back electromotive force brings large errors, so that the motor can be failed to start. Therefore, the estimation of the rotor position in the zero low speed section in the starting stage of the three-stage starting power generation system is the focus of the current research.

According to the expression characteristics of the rotor position of the three-stage starting power generation system, the rotor position estimation of the zero-low speed stage of the system starting can be carried out by adopting the following three methods:

1) the salient motor characteristic of the main motor is utilized. The salient machine characteristic of the main motor in the three-stage starting power generation system enables the armature inductance value of the main motor to be different at different positions, and the rotor position information of the main motor can be obtained by a high-frequency injection method by utilizing the characteristic. Patents CN201410163841.4, CN201410161015.6, CN201410542485.7, CN201410542526.2, etc. use the salient polarity of the main motor to obtain the initial position information of the rotor of the three-stage motor. The method deeply depends on the characteristics of the main motor, and in the system starting stage, the characteristics of the main motor can be changed due to the change of the load characteristics, so that the method has large estimation errors and cannot be used.

2) The mutual inductance between the stator and rotor windings of the main motor is utilized. Mutual inductance between stator and rotor windings of a main motor in a three-stage starting power generation system can change along with the position change of the motor rotor, and the position of the motor rotor can be obtained according to the change rule of the mutual inductance of the stator and rotor windings by utilizing the characteristic. The CN201610316267.0, CN201710366017.2, CN201710546303.7, CN201710546532.9, etc. utilize the mutual inductance variation characteristic of the stator and rotor windings of the main motor, and adopt the method of "main motor injection-exciter detection" to obtain the rotor position of the three-stage motor system. The method relates to a main motor and an exciter when the position of a rotor of the motor is obtained, and the running states of the main motor and the exciter can change during the starting period of a system, thereby causing the estimation error of the position of the rotor.

3) The harmonic characteristics of the exciter stator and rotor currents are utilized. The presence of a rotating rectifier in a three-stage starting system introduces higher harmonics in the exciter rotor current, which contain exciter rotor position information, which can be used to derive rotor position. Patent No. cn201710789208.x, CN201910993340.1, etc. uses the higher harmonic characteristics of the exciter stator-rotor side current to obtain the rotor position of the exciter, and further obtain the rotor position of the main motor. The method mainly relates to an exciter when the position of a rotor of the motor is obtained, and the running state of the exciter changes at the starting stage of the system, so that the estimation error of the position of the rotor is caused.

The three-class three-stage starting power generation system rotor position estimation method has certain advantages and application potentials, but the method involves a main motor or an exciter when the position of the motor rotor is obtained, and the running states of the main motor and the exciter are changed in the starting stage of the system, so that the estimation error of the rotor position is caused. In addition, because the power generation control unit in the traditional three-stage starting power generation system adopts a diode uncontrolled rectification mode, the position of the motor rotor cannot be obtained through the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter at the starting stage of the system.

In the starting process of the aviation three-level type starting generator system, the load torque changes along with the rotating speed, so that the running states of a main motor and an exciter which directly participate in the starting process also change, and finally, the rotor position estimation result error by using the main motor or the exciter is large, and the stability is weak.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system and a rotor position estimation method. Aiming at the requirement of on-line estimation of the rotor position in the starting stage of the aviation three-stage type starting generator system, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to accurately and stably estimate the rotor position of a main motor under the condition of load torque variation during the starting process of a three-stage starter generator.

Technical scheme

An excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system is characterized by comprising a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit and an H-bridge controllable circuit, wherein the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit is connected with a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter stator with high salient pole characteristics, and the H-bridge controllable circuit is connected with an exciter stator excitation winding; when the system starts, the direct current bus of the excitation controller is supplied with direct current power by external power supply, an H-bridge controllable circuit provides single-phase alternating current excitation or direct current excitation for an exciter stator excitation winding, and a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in an inversion state to control the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; the main motor operates in an electric state to output torque to drive the aircraft engine to start; when the system generates electricity, the power supply of the excitation controller is disconnected, the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in a rectification state, the three-phase alternating current of the stator of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is rectified into direct current by utilizing the three-phase full-bridge controllable rectification or the uncontrolled rectification of an anti-parallel diode, and the H-bridge controllable circuit provides required direct current excitation for the exciter by utilizing the direct current in a chopping mode; the main motor operates in a generating state to provide electrical energy for the load of the onboard electrical system.

The exciter types include single-phase exciter, two-phase exciter and three-phase exciter.

When a two-phase exciter or a three-phase exciter is adopted, a corresponding power bridge arm is added in an H-bridge controllable circuit of the excitation controller.

A novel rotor position estimation method for a three-level starting generator system starting stage by adopting the aviation three-level starting generator system excitation controller is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: when the motor is started, the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter adopts a vector control strategy which does not contain a rotating speed ring and only contains a current ring under the control of a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit of an excitation controller, wherein the reference values of direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current are both 0;

step 2: the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated on line by adopting the existing method of rotating high-frequency injection or pulse vibration high-frequency injection;

and step 3: and (3) utilizing the characteristic that the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the main motor are coaxially arranged, and adding the difference value of the rotor positions of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the main motor to the step (2) to estimate the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter on line to obtain the rotor position of the main motor, namely the rotor position of the three-stage starting generator.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides an excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system and a rotor position estimation method, which replace the original exciter by a new exciter topology and consist of a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit sharing a direct-current bus and an H-bridge controllable circuit, wherein the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit is connected with a three-phase winding of a stator of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter with high salient pole characteristics, and the H-bridge controllable circuit is connected with an excitation winding of the stator of the exciter. And in the system starting stage, a direct-current bus of the excitation controller is supplied with a direct-current power supply by external power supply, an H-bridge controllable circuit provides single-phase alternating-current excitation or direct-current excitation for an exciter stator exciting winding, and a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in an inversion state to control the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter. And in the system power generation stage, the power supply of the excitation controller is disconnected, the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in a rectification state, the three-phase alternating current of the stator of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is rectified into direct current by utilizing the three-phase full-bridge controllable rectification or utilizing the uncontrolled rectification of an anti-parallel diode, and the H-bridge controllable circuit utilizes the direct current to provide required direct current excitation for the exciter in a chopping mode. Based on the novel topology of the excitation controller, a novel rotor position estimation method for a three-level starting generator system in a starting stage is provided: the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter adopts a vector control strategy which does not contain a rotating speed ring and only contains a current ring, wherein the reference values of direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current are both 0; on the basis, the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated on line by adopting the existing method of rotating high-frequency injection or pulse vibration high-frequency injection; by utilizing the characteristic that the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and the main motor are coaxially arranged, the rotor position of the main motor, namely the rotor position of the three-stage starting generator is obtained through the difference value of the rotor positions of the auxiliary exciter and the main motor.

The beneficial effects of the invention include: 1) in the system starting stage, the convex machine characteristic of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is fully utilized to estimate the position of the rotor, and the amplitude of the armature current fundamental wave of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is 0, so the rotor position estimation method is not influenced by the change of the system load and has the advantage of high stability; 2) the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter adopts a structural topology with a large salient pole rate, and the position of a rotor of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated by adopting the existing mature high-frequency injection method, so the estimated rotor position precision is high; 3) in the system power generation stage, the excitation controller adjusts the excitation voltage of the exciter by adopting a method of rectifying and chopping, and the excitation controller has the characteristic of convenient and controllable excitation adjustment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-stage starter generator system based on a novel excitation controller;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a starting stage structure of a three-stage starter generator system based on a novel excitation controller;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power generation stage structure of a three-stage starter generator system based on a novel excitation controller;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a rotor position estimation strategy control for the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter at system start-up;

FIG. 5 is a result of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter rotor position estimation;

FIG. 6 is a graph of a three-stage starter generator system main motor rotor position estimation.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:

1. the invention provides a novel topology of an excitation controller of an aviation three-stage starting power generation system, and a structural schematic diagram of a three-stage starting power generator system based on the novel excitation controller is shown in figure 1 and comprises a three-stage starting power generator, an excitation controller, a universal starting controller and starting power generation switching.

The three-stage starting generator consists of a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter, an exciter, a rotating rectifier and a main motor, wherein the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with high salient pole characteristics. The excitation controller consists of a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit and an H-bridge controllable circuit which share a direct current bus, wherein the three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit is connected with a three-phase winding of a stator of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter, and the H-bridge controllable circuit is connected with an excitation winding of the stator of the exciter. The general starting controller is a traditional three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit. And the direct current buses of the excitation controller and the universal starting controller are respectively connected with an external power supply through a power switch. The three-phase output of the general start controller and the onboard power system load are connected with the stator winding of the main motor through the start-up power generation changeover switch.

In the system starting stage, the direct current buses of the excitation controller and the universal starting controller are connected with an external power supply, and the starting power generation selector switch connects the stator winding of the main motor to the universal starting controller, as shown in fig. 2. An H-bridge controllable circuit in the excitation controller provides single-phase alternating current excitation or direct current excitation for an exciter stator excitation winding, and a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit operates in an inversion state to control a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; the main motor is controlled by the starting controller to operate in an electric state to output torque to drive the aircraft engine to start.

In the system power generation stage, the dc bus of the excitation controller is disconnected from the power supply, and the power generation selector switch is started to connect the stator winding of the main motor to the load of the airborne power system, as shown in fig. 3. A three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit in the excitation controller operates in a rectification state, three-phase alternating current of a stator of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is rectified into direct current by utilizing the three-phase full-bridge controllable rectification or utilizing the uncontrolled rectification of an anti-parallel diode, and an H-bridge controllable circuit utilizes the direct current to provide required direct current excitation for the exciter in a chopping mode. The main motor operates in a generating state to provide electrical energy for the load of the onboard electrical system. During the system power generation phase, the universal starting controller will not work in the three-stage starting power generation system.

2. Based on the novel topology of the excitation controller, a novel rotor position estimation method for a three-level starter generator system in a starting stage is provided, and a control block diagram of the novel rotor position estimation method is shown in fig. 4, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: under the control of a three-phase full-bridge controllable circuit of an excitation controller, a vector control strategy which does not contain a rotating speed ring and only contains a current ring is adopted for the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter, wherein the reference values of direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current are both 0;

step two: on the basis of the vector control strategy of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter in the step one, the rotor position of the permanent magnet auxiliary exciter is estimated on line by adopting the existing method of rotating high-frequency injection, as shown in fig. 5;

step three: by using the characteristic that the auxiliary exciter and the main motor are coaxially installed, the rotor position of the main motor, namely the rotor position of the three-stage starter generator, is obtained through the difference of the rotor positions of the auxiliary exciter and the main motor on the basis of the step two, as shown in fig. 6.