阅读说明：本技术 一种汽车尾气净化装置 (Automobile exhaust purification device ) 是由 刘二强 武建国 肖革胜 孔令宇 李华英 赵广辉 林金保 于 2021-01-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种汽车尾气净化装置,在其外壳内位于进口端和出口端之间依次安装有500目的不锈钢过滤网板、低温等离子体发生装置、集尘板和La-(0.8)K-(0.2)CoO-3催化反应器。汽车尾气首先通过500目过滤网过滤掉直径大于10μm的固体颗粒,再经过低温等离子体发生装置将空气电离,产生OH、HO-2、O、O-3等强氧化性物质,促进污染物的转化；随后通过集尘板收集附着正离子的固体颗粒物；最后通过La-(0.8)K-(0.2)CoO-3催化反应器处理尾气中的氮氧化物。经过低温等离子体发生器和La-(0.8)K-(0.2)CoO-3催化反应器的共同作用,有效提升尾气中污染物的转化效率,并且提取和收集尾气中的固体颗粒漂浮物,从源头控制雾霾天气。(The invention discloses an automobile exhaust purification device, wherein a 500-mesh stainless steel filter screen plate, a low temperature filter screen plate and the like are sequentially arranged between an inlet end and an outlet end in a shell of the automobile exhaust purification devicePlasma generating device, dust collecting plate and La 0.8 K 0.2 CoO 3 A catalytic reactor. Automobile exhaust is firstly filtered by a 500-mesh filter screen to remove solid particles with the diameter larger than 10 mu m, and then is ionized by a low-temperature plasma generating device to generate OH and HO 2 、O、O 3 The strong oxidizing substances are equal to promote the conversion of pollutants; then collecting solid particles attached with positive ions through a dust collecting plate; finally passing through La 0.8 K 0.2 CoO 3 The catalytic reactor treats nitrogen oxides in the exhaust. Passing through a low-temperature plasma generator and La 0.8 K 0.2 CoO 3 The combined action of catalytic reactor effectively promotes the conversion efficiency of pollutant in the tail gas to extract and collect the solid particle floater in the tail gas, control haze weather from the source.)

1. An automobile exhaust purification device, its characterized in that: the device comprises a shell (1), wherein one end of the shell (1) is provided with an inlet part (101), the other end of the shell is provided with an outlet part (102), and the outlet part (102) is provided with a turbine (6); a stainless steel filter screen plate (2) with 500 meshes, a low-temperature plasma generating device (3), a dust collecting plate (4) and La are sequentially arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end in the shell (1)_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalytic reactor (5); the low-temperature plasma generating device (3) comprises a plurality of plasma reaction cavities (301) which are tightly arranged on the cross section, a corona tube (302) is coaxially arranged in each plasma reaction cavity (301), a plurality of needle-shaped discharge fluff (303) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the corona tube (302), the discharge fluff (303) is vertical to the outer surface of the corona tube (302), all the corona tubes (302) are fixed on a common base (304), and the base (304) is connected with the positive pole of a power supply; the dust collecting plate (4) is connected with the negative pole of the power supply.

2. The automotive exhaust purification device according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging fluff (303) is prepared from a chromium-nickel alloy material.

3. The automotive exhaust purification device according to claim 2, wherein: the dust collecting plate (4) is a stainless steel filter screen plate with 800 meshes.

4. The automobile exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃La in catalytic reactor (5)_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalyst coating adopts a ceramic honeycomb carrier, the inside of the carrier is coated with an alumina coating with high specific surface area, and the alumina coating is impregnated with an active component La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃。

5. The automobile exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the inlet part (101) and the outlet part (120) of the shell (1) are both provided with connecting flanges.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust purification and treatment, in particular to purification of solid particle pollutants in exhaust, and specifically relates to an automobile exhaust purification device.

Background

Nowadays, people live in a new era with rapid development of science and technology, and along with more and more abundant material life, automobiles gradually enter thousands of households, so that the automobile is an essential transportation tool in life and work of people. Automobiles are playing an increasingly important role as important land transportation vehicles used by people today. However, the pollution of automobile exhaust gas caused by the pollution is also increasingly serious. The pollutants of automobile exhaust mainly include carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC)) Nitrogen compounds (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO)₂) And particulate matter (lead compounds, soot, etc.). The research shows that: over 40% of NO in big cities_xMore than 80% of CO and more than 70% of HC are derived from exhaust pollution from automobiles. The pollutants have direct threat to human health, acid rain and photochemical pollution, and have great threat to animals and plants.

The exhaust gas discharged by the automobile can seriously affect the health of human beings while consuming a large amount of resources. Nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen compounds can cause stimulation reaction of susceptible people to suffer from eye diseases and respiratory diseases, benzopyrene contained in nitrogen oxide compounds in tail gas is a carcinogenic substance, is a high-dispersity particle, can be suspended in air for several days and nights, is retained in different parts of respiratory tract, lung and the like in collision, diffusion, deposition and other modes after being inhaled by a human body, cannot be discharged by the human body through a normal metabolic process, and can induce the formation of malignant tumors when critical concentration is accumulated. The floating particles can also directly contact skin and eyes to block skin hair follicles, causing dermatitis and conjunctivitis, and even conjunctival injury. Researchers find that nearly 8000 hospitalization cases caused by heart failure can be avoided every year if PM2.5 in each cubic meter of air is reduced by 3-9 micrograms.

The low-temperature plasma is also called non-equilibrium plasma, and is a substance fourth state following solid, liquid and gas states, and the low-temperature plasma usually generates a large amount of high-energy electrons, ions, atoms in an excited state, radical ions and other high-activity substances by gas discharge in the waste gas purification process, and the substances bombard organic waste gas molecules to break the internal chemical bonds of the organic waste gas molecules and promote the organic waste gas molecules to be degraded to generate CO₂And H₂And O, thereby achieving the purpose of purification. The technology breaks through the traditional constraint that pollutants are decomposed only by chemical reaction and a plurality of chemical reaction conditions. Low-temperature plasma can be classified into Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD), pulsed corona discharge, creeping discharge, and the like according to different discharge forms; the discharge electrode can be classified into a needle plate type, a wire plate type, a flat plate type, a wire cylinder type and the like according to different structures of the discharge electrode. The technology of 'low-temperature plasma' is comprehensive technology of electron, chemistry, catalysis and the likeThe electrochemical process under the combined action is based on the strong energy generated by the plasma in the moment to ionize and crack the chemical bond energy of harmful gas, thereby destroying the structure of waste gas molecules and achieving the purpose of purifying the waste gas. The technology has the obvious characteristics of having physical effect, chemical effect and biological effect on pollutants, and having the obvious characteristics of low energy consumption, high efficiency, no secondary pollution and the like. The action mechanism comprises two aspects: firstly, in the process of generating plasma, the instantaneous high energy generated by high-frequency discharge can enable electrons to obtain huge energy, the energy is converted into internal energy or kinetic energy of pollutant molecules through inelastic collision, the pollutant molecules obtaining the energy are excited or ionized to form active groups, and when the energy obtained by the pollutant molecules is greater than the molecular bond binding energy, the molecular bonds of the pollutant molecules are broken and directly decomposed into simple substance atoms or harmless gas molecules consisting of single atoms. The plasma contains a large amount of energetic electrons, positive and negative ions, excited particles and free radicals with strong oxidizing property, and the active particles are combined with partial exhaust gas molecules in a collision way to simultaneously generate a large amount of OH and HO₂O, and O having extremely strong active radical and oxidizing property₃Can react with harmful gas molecules to generate CO₂、H₂O、N₂And the like. Secondly, the charged dust collection effect is achieved through the physical effect of the plasma, a large number of electrons in the plasma and particle pollutants are subjected to inelastic collision and are adhered to the surfaces of the particles, so that the particles are charged with negative charges, and the particle pollutants are collected by a dust collecting plate under the action of coulomb force.

Electrostatic adsorption dust removal principle: in fig. 6, a high voltage direct current is used to generate an uneven electric field between a corona wire connected with a negative electrode and a dust collecting plate connected with a positive electrode, so that gas molecules in waste gas are ionized to generate a large amount of electrons and ions, the electrons and the ions move to the dust collecting plate under the action of coulomb force and touch tiny solid particles in air flow to charge the tiny solid particles in the moving process, the tiny charged solid particles are separated from the air flow under the action of the coulomb force and move to a polar plate or polar line with opposite polarity, the tiny charged solid particles are adsorbed on the polar plate or polar line by electrostatic force when reaching the polar plate or polar line, and dust falls into an ash bucket through a rapping device, so that the purpose.

At the present stage, the automobile exhaust purification device used in the market is mainly a three-way catalyst, and the working principle of the three-way catalyst is as follows: the three-way catalyst is made into a cylinder by double-layer stainless steel sheets on the outside, a heat insulating material asbestos fiber felt is filled in a sandwich layer of the double-layer stainless steel sheets, and a purifying agent is filled in the middle of a reticular clapboard on the inside, wherein the purifying agent is usually composed of a carrier and a catalyst. The carrier is generally made of alumina, and its shape has spherical, polygonal and net-like partitions, etc., and the purifying agent actually plays a catalytic role, also called catalyst. Most of catalysts used by the three-way catalytic converter with better performance are rare metals such as platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rn), palladium (Pd) and the like, and one of the rare metals is sprayed on a carrier to form the catalyst. When high-temperature automobile exhaust passes through the purification device, the purifying agent in the three-way catalyst enhances the activity of three gases of CO, HC and NOx to promote the three gases to carry out certain oxidation-reduction chemical reaction, wherein CO is oxidized into colorless and nontoxic carbon dioxide gas at high temperature; oxidation of HC compounds to water (H) at high temperatures₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO)₂) (ii) a Reduction of NOx to nitrogen (N)₂) And oxygen (O)₂). Therefore, the function of the automobile exhaust purifying agent is to change three harmful gases into harmless gases so as to purify the automobile exhaust. However, the three-way catalyst has low purification efficiency, and cannot effectively treat solid particle pollutants in automobile exhaust, so that the air pollution is serious, and the occurrence frequency of haze weather is gradually increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is mainly used for purifying and collecting solid particles in automobile exhaust, solves the problems of low purifying effect and single purifying effect of a three-way catalyst in the traditional automobile exhaust treatment system, and provides a novel automobile exhaust purifying device relating to a low-temperature plasma technology.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

an automobile exhaust purification device comprises a shell, wherein one end of the shell is provided with an inlet part, the other end of the shell is provided with an outlet part, and the outlet part is provided with a turbine; the inner part of the shell is positioned between the inlet end and the outlet endA stainless steel filter screen plate with 500 meshes, a low-temperature plasma generating device, a dust collecting plate and La are arranged_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalytic reactor; the low-temperature plasma generating device comprises a plurality of plasma reaction cavities which are tightly arranged on the cross section, a corona tube is coaxially arranged in each plasma reaction cavity, a plurality of needle-shaped discharge villi made of chromium-nickel alloy materials are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the corona tube, the discharge villi are vertical to the outer surface of the corona tube, all the corona tubes are fixed on a common base, and the base is connected with the positive pole of a power supply; the dust collecting plate is connected with the negative pole of the power supply.

During operation, engine exhaust's burning waste gas is by the intake pipe flow direction main shell intracavity, and the main shell intracavity includes 500 meshes thickening stainless steel filter screen assemblies, and when gaseous when passing through the filter screen, the diameter that can effectively filter to contain in the waste gas is greater than 10 mu m's solid particle floater, prevents that the solid pollutant of large granule from getting into subsequent electronic purification unit. When the gas filtered to remove large-particle solid pollutants passes through the low-temperature plasma generating device, a low-temperature plasma state is generated in the reaction cavity under the action of a high-voltage high-frequency electric field generated by a power supply. In this state, the reaction chamber is filled with a large amount of high-energy electrons, ions, excited atoms, radical particles and other high-activity substances, including OH and HO₂、O、O₃And the like, and the active substances can effectively remove HC and NO in the automobile exhaust_xPM and other harmful gases are converted into harmless CO₂、H₂O and ammonium nitrate solid salts, and the like. Meanwhile, after the solid particle pollutants and the positive ions are combined and positively charged, the solid particle pollutants tend to be discharged and deposited on the surface of the cathode, so that the effect of removing the solid particle pollutants is achieved. The gas after the second filtration passes through La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalyst. La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalyst is a calcium-Qinmi type composite oxide catalyst, and has catalytic action on particulate matters and hydrocarbons. The low-temperature plasma generating device in the device mainly removes particle pollutants in tail gas, and the catalyst is La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalytic reactor(s) of (1) is (are) primarily focused on the removal of nitrogen oxides byExperiments show that the combined reaction system is obviously superior to a single catalyst tail gas treatment system, because the low-temperature plasma catalysis effect enables NO to be in an active state, and the chemical adsorption performance of the NO and the particulate matters is changed, so the treatment efficiency of the particulate matters and the NO can be improved under the synergistic effect of the NO and the particulate matters_xThe conversion efficiency of (a).

Installation and use: the low-temperature plasma automobile exhaust purification device directly replaces a traditional three-way catalyst, is arranged at a reasonable position of an automobile exhaust emission system, is connected into a circuit system of an automobile, and provides 220V alternating current as a power supply for the automobile. In the use, only need open the device when regular maintenance, clear away the solid particle thing on the filter screen can.

The pollutants in the exhaust gas of automobiles are mainly carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), nitride (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO)₂) And solid particulate pollutants (lead compounds, soot, etc.) which cause serious air pollution and are also the main cause of haze weather. Passes through the low-temperature plasma generator and the La in the automobile exhaust purification device_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The combined action of catalytic reactor can effectively promote the conversion efficiency of pollutant in the tail gas to extract and collect the solid particle floater in the tail gas, thereby control the production of haze weather from the source.

The invention has reasonable design and good practical application value.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows an overall structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the low-temperature plasma generator.

Fig. 5 shows a half-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electrostatic adsorption dust removal principle.

In the figure: 1-shell, 101-inlet part, 102-outlet part, 2-500 mesh stainless steel filter screen plate, 3-low temperature and the likePlasma generating device, 301-plasma reaction cavity, 302-corona tube, 303-needle-like discharge fluff, 304-base, 4-dust collecting plate, 5-La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃Catalyst coated ceramic honeycomb carrier catalytic reactor, 6-turbine.

In the figure: 601-solid particle pollutant contained in the treated waste gas, 602-charged solid particles, 603-dust collecting plate connected with positive pole of DC power supply, 604-corona wire connected with negative pole of DC power supply.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

An automotive exhaust gas purification apparatus, which as a whole comprises: stainless steel metal shell, 500-mesh thickened stainless steel filter screen, low-temperature plasma generating device, dust collecting plate and La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalytic reactor and a turbine. The waste gas is filtered by a 500-mesh filter screen to remove solid particles with the diameter larger than 10 mu m, and then the air is ionized by a low-temperature plasma generating device to generate OH and HO₂、O、O₃The strong oxidizing substances are equal to promote the conversion of pollutants; then collecting the solid particles attached with the positive ions through a dust collecting plate; finally passing through La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃Catalytic reactor for treating nitrogen oxides in tail gas

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the casing 1 is provided with an inlet part 101 at one end and an outlet part 102 at the other end, the outlet part 102 is provided with a turbine 6, the turbine 6 is provided with a driving motor and is driven to rotate by the motor; a stainless steel filter screen plate 2 with 500 meshes, a low-temperature plasma generating device 3, a dust collecting plate 4 and La are sequentially arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end in the shell 1_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalytic reactor 5 with a catalyst-coated ceramic honeycomb carrier.

As shown in fig. 4, the low-temperature plasma generator 3 includes n plasma reaction chambers arranged in parallel, where n is a natural number greater than 3; the specific structure is that a plurality of plasma reaction cavities 301 are tightly arranged on the cross section of the reactor, the cross sections of the plasma reaction cavities 301 are square, and the side length is 50 mm. A corona tube 302 is coaxially arranged in each plasma reaction cavity 301, a plurality of needle-shaped discharge villi 303 made of long chromium-nickel alloy materials are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the corona tube 302, the discharge villi 303 is perpendicular to the outer surface of the corona tube 302, all the corona tubes 302 are fixed on a common base 304, and the base 304 is connected with the positive electrode of a 220V and 50HZ alternating current power supply. The dust collecting plate 4 is connected with the negative pole of the power supply.

As shown in fig. 1, the inlet portion 101 and the outlet portion 120 of the housing 1 are each provided with a connecting flange. When the automobile exhaust purification device is used specifically, the traditional three-way catalyst is directly replaced, the automobile exhaust purification device is installed at a reasonable position of an automobile exhaust emission system, and is connected into a circuit system of an automobile, and 220V alternating current is provided for the automobile exhaust purification device to serve as a power supply. In the use, only need open the device when regular maintenance, clear away the solid particle thing on the filter screen can.

During operation, engine exhaust's burning waste gas is by the main shell intracavity of intake pipe flow direction shell, and the main shell intracavity includes 500 meshes thickening stainless steel filter screen assemblies, and when gaseous passing through the filter screen, the diameter that can effectively filter to contain in the waste gas is greater than 10 mu m's solid particle floater, prevents that the solid pollutant of large granule from getting into subsequent electronic purification unit. When the gas filtered to remove large-particle solid pollutants passes through the low-temperature plasma generating device, a low-temperature plasma state is generated in the reaction cavity under the action of a high-voltage high-frequency electric field generated by a power supply. In this state, the reaction chamber is filled with a large amount of high-energy electrons, ions, excited atoms, radical particles and other high-activity substances, including OH and HO₂、O、O₃And the like, and the active substances can effectively remove HC and NO in the automobile exhaust_xPM and other harmful gases are converted into harmless CO₂、H₂O and ammonium nitrate solid salts, and the like. Meanwhile, after the solid particle pollutants and the positive ions are combined and positively charged, the solid particle pollutants tend to be discharged and deposited on the surface of the cathode, so that the effect of removing the solid particle pollutants is achieved. The gas after the second filtration passes through La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃A catalytic reactor. La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃Is a calcikinite type composite oxide catalyst. The catalyst has catalytic effect on particulate matter and hydrocarbon. The low-temperature plasma generating device in the device mainly removes particle pollutants in tail gas, and the catalyst is La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalytic reactor mainly focuses on removing nitrogen oxides, and experiments show that a reaction system combining the two is obviously superior to a single catalyst tail gas treatment system, because the low-temperature plasma catalytic effect enables NO to be in an active state, the chemical adsorption performance of the NO and particulate matters is changed, and the treatment efficiency of the particulate matters and the NO can be improved under the synergistic effect of the two_xThe conversion efficiency of (a). In addition, in order to prevent the negative influence on the operation of the engine caused by the deterioration of the exhaust gas permeability caused by excessive filter devices, a turbine is added to accelerate the air flow, thereby effectively improving the exhaust gas permeability.

As shown in FIG. 5, a 500 mesh stainless steel filter plate 2, a low temperature plasma generator 3, a dust collecting plate 4, La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalytic reactors 5 are reserved with a suitable spacing.

In specific implementation, the dust collecting plate 4 is an 800-mesh stainless steel filter screen plate and is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.

In specific implementation, the shell 1 is made of stainless steel with the thickness of 1mm, so that collision damage and corrosion damage of the external environment can be effectively prevented; the middle section of the bracket is a rectangle with the length of 300mm and the height of 200mm, and the four corners of the bracket are rounded corners with the radius of 50 mm.

In specific implementation, the plasma reaction chamber comprises a corotron made of corrosion-resistant metal materials and a reaction chamber shell. The shell of the reaction cavity is in a square shape with the side length of 50mm, the corotron is coaxial with the shell of the reaction cavity, and a cavity between the corotron and the shell of the reaction cavity is the reaction cavity, so that the cross section of the plasma reaction cavity is in a structure of a square and a circle in the middle; the corona tube is characterized in that a plurality of needle-shaped discharge villi which are made of chromium-nickel alloy materials and have the length of 5 mm-10 mm are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the corona tube, and the discharge villi are vertical to the outer surface of the corona tube; the corotron is connected with the positive pole of a 220V alternating current power supply, and the dust collecting plate is connected with the negative pole.

In specific practice, La_0.8K_0.2CoO₃La in catalytic reactor 5_0.8K_0.2CoO₃The catalyst coating adopts ceramic beesA honeycomb carrier, wherein the inside of the carrier is coated with alumina (AlO) with high specific surface area₃) Coating on which the active component La is impregnated_0.8K_0.2CoO₃. Meanwhile, the power weakening after the tail gas filtering is considered, and the turbine is added, so that the airflow is accelerated, and the tail gas passing performance is effectively improved.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.