阅读说明：本技术 一种气化炉调负荷提效系统及其工作方法 (Gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system and working method thereof ) 是由 罗丽珍 王鹏杰 许世森 刘刚 任永强 陶继业 李小宇 刘沅 陈智 樊强 秦建明 于 2021-01-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开的一种气化炉调负荷提效系统及其工作方法,属于气化炉技术领域。除灰单元分别与气化炉的废锅出口和水洗单元连接,水洗单元与激冷气循环压缩机连接,激冷气循环压缩机连接至气化炉的激冷气入口；飞灰残碳在线检测装置和飞灰产量及合成气流量检测装置设在除灰单元与气化炉的废锅出口之间的连接管路上,废锅入口温度检测装置设在废锅入口处,氧气调节单元与气化炉的供氧系统连接,激冷气流量检测装置设在水洗单元与激冷气循环压缩机之间的连接管路上,激冷气调节单元分别与激冷气流量检测装置和激冷气循环压缩机连接；各检测装置和调节单元均分别连接至控制单元。该系统能够精确控制气化效率和激冷气量,减少了能耗,保证了气化炉的高效稳定运行。(The invention discloses a load adjusting and efficiency improving system of a gasification furnace and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of gasification furnaces. The ash removal unit is respectively connected with a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace and the water washing unit, the water washing unit is connected with the chilling gas circulating compressor, and the chilling gas circulating compressor is connected to a chilling gas inlet of the gasification furnace; the online detection device for the residual carbon in the fly ash and the detection device for the yield of the fly ash and the flow of the synthesis gas are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ash removal unit and a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the detection device for the inlet temperature of the waste pot is arranged at the inlet of the waste pot, the oxygen regulating unit is connected with an oxygen supply system of the gasification furnace, the detection device for the flow of the quenching gas is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the water washing unit and the quenching gas circulating compressor, and the quenching gas regulating unit is respectively connected with the quenching gas flow detection device and the quenching gas circulating compressor; each detection device and each adjustment unit are respectively connected to the control unit. The system can accurately control the gasification efficiency and the chilling gas amount, reduces energy consumption and ensures the efficient and stable operation of the gasification furnace.)

1. A load-regulating efficiency-improving system of a gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a control unit (1), a fly ash residual carbon online detection device (2), a fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device (3), an ash removal unit (4), a water washing unit (5), a waste pot inlet temperature detection device (6), an oxygen regulation unit (7), a chilling gas flow detection device (8), a chilling gas circulating compressor (9) and a chilling gas regulation unit (10);

the ash removal unit (4) is connected with a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the ash removal unit (4) is connected with the water washing unit (5), the water washing unit (5) is connected with the chilling gas circulating compressor (9), and the chilling gas circulating compressor (9) is connected to a chilling gas inlet of the gasification furnace; the online detection device (2) for the residual carbon in the fly ash and the detection device (3) for the flow rate of the fly ash and the synthesized gas are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ash removal unit (4) and the waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the detection device (6) for the inlet temperature of the waste pot is arranged at the inlet of the waste pot, the oxygen regulating unit (7) is connected with an oxygen supply system of the gasification furnace, the detection device (8) for the flow rate of the chilling gas is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the washing unit (5) and the circulating compressor (9) for the chilling gas, and the chilling gas regulating unit (10) is respectively connected with the detection device (8) for the flow rate of the chilling gas and the circulating compressor (9);

the fly ash residual carbon online detection device (2), the fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device (3), the waste boiler inlet temperature detection device (6), the oxygen regulation unit (7) and the chilling air regulation unit (10) are respectively connected to the control unit (1).

2. The gasifier load regulation and efficiency improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the water washing unit (5) is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with the chilled gas recycle compressor (9), and the other branch is connected to the gas purification system.

3. The system for load regulation and efficiency improvement of gasification furnaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the fly ash production and synthesis gas flow detection device (3) comprises a processor, a densimeter and a flow meter, the densimeter and the flow meter are respectively connected with the processor, and the processor is connected with the control unit (1).

4. The gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that a defoaming device is arranged at the inlet of the chilling gas circulating compressor (9).

5. The gasifier load regulation and efficiency improvement system according to claim 1, characterized in that the chilled gas recycle compressor (9) is a variable frequency compressor.

6. The gasifier load-adjusting and efficiency-improving system according to claim 1, characterized in that the quench gas adjusting unit (10) comprises a frequency regulator, which is connected with the control unit (1) and the quench gas recycle compressor (9), respectively.

7. The working method of the gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash is detected by a fly ash residual carbon online detection device (2) from a waste boiler outlet, and after the fly ash yield and the synthetic gas flow are detected by a fly ash yield and synthetic gas flow detection device (3), the fly ash is treated by an ash removal unit (4) and a water washing unit (5) in sequence and then enters a cold gas circulation compressor (9); a waste boiler inlet temperature detection device (6) detects the temperature of the synthesis gas at the waste boiler inlet; a chilling gas flow detection device (8) detects the chilling gas flow; the control unit (1) regulates and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash and the fly ash yield, and regulates and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of the synthesis gas.

8. The working method of the gasifier load regulation efficiency improvement system according to claim 7, wherein the real-time regulation of the amount of oxygen and the amount of chilled gas entering the gasifier is performed by the following formula:

M₂＝Z₁×M₁×Xc/12×16

Q＝Z₂×M₁×Xc/12×111＝Z₃×λ×(_△M₃×T+M₀×_△T-_△M₄×T₀)

_△M₄＝_△M₃-2M₂/32×0.0224Nm³/mol

wherein M is₁For fly ash production, M₂In order to obtain the amount of oxygen to be fed into the gasifier,_△M₃in order to obtain the amount of variation in the flow rate of the synthesis gas,_△M₄for cyclic quench gas variation, M₀Is the original flow of the synthesis gas, Xc is the mass percent of the carbon residue in the fly ash, Q is the heat release of the carbon residue reaction, lambda is the specific heat of the synthesis gas, T is the initial temperature of the synthesis gas at the inlet of the waste boiler,_△t is the temperature variation of the synthetic gas at the inlet of the waste boiler, T₀Initial temperature of the circulating quench gas, Z₁、Z₂And Z₃All are correction coefficients indicating the degree of each reaction and the heat loss.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein Z is Z₁、Z₂And Z₃The value range of (A) is 0.5-1.5.

10. The working method of the gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system according to claim 7, characterized in that during the start of gasification and load regulation, coal powder, water vapor, oxygen amount and chilling gas amount are fed according to simulated working conditions and empirical values, the control unit (1) regulates and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of residual carbon in fly ash and the yield of fly ash, and regulates and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of synthesis gas.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gasification furnaces, and particularly relates to a load adjusting and efficiency improving system of a gasification furnace and a working method of the load adjusting and efficiency improving system.

Background

The coal gasification technology is a core technology for clean and efficient utilization of coal, is a key technology for developing advanced clean coal power generation, coal chemical industry, coal-based poly-generation and other energy systems, and has important influence on the operation reliability and economy of each system. Driven by the rapid development of modern coal chemical engineering projects, coal gasification technology is developing towards large-scale, clean, efficient and wide coal adaptability. The development of coal gasification technology presents a lot of flowers, but in the development process of the high-efficiency clean coal gasification technology at the present stage, a plurality of problems still exist and need to be solved.

In the existing gasification furnace combustion process, fly ash carbon residue can not be accurately controlled, the energy consumption is high, and the gasification efficiency can not be further improved. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the inlet temperature of the waste boiler is proper, the chilling air quantity is generally opened to the maximum, so that a large amount of chilling air is wasted, and the energy consumption of the device is increased. When the gasifier needs to adjust the load, the chilling gas quantity and the oxygen quantity are difficult to immediately feed back the gasifier load, and a large amount of time is needed to ensure that the gasifier reaches an ideal operation state.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a load-adjusting and efficiency-improving system for a gasification furnace and a working method thereof, which can accurately control gasification efficiency and chilling gas amount, improve carbon conversion rate and reduce energy consumption; and the oxygen and the chilling gas amount are matched and adjusted in real time according to the load of the gasification furnace, so that the efficient and stable operation of the gasification furnace is ensured.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a load-regulating efficiency-improving system of a gasification furnace, which comprises a control unit, a fly ash residual carbon online detection device, a fly ash yield and synthetic gas flow detection device, an ash removal unit, a water washing unit, a waste boiler inlet temperature detection device, an oxygen regulation unit, a chilling gas flow detection device, a chilling gas circulating compressor and a chilling gas regulation unit, wherein the control unit is used for controlling the flow of the cooling gas to the waste boiler;

the ash removal unit is connected with a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the ash removal unit is connected with the water washing unit, the water washing unit is connected with a chilling gas circulating compressor, and the chilling gas circulating compressor is connected to a chilling gas inlet of the gasification furnace; the online detection device for the residual carbon in the fly ash and the detection device for the yield of the fly ash and the flow of the synthesis gas are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ash removal unit and a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the detection device for the inlet temperature of the waste pot is arranged at the inlet of the waste pot, the oxygen regulating unit is connected with an oxygen supply system of the gasification furnace, the detection device for the flow of the quenching gas is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the water washing unit and the quenching gas circulating compressor, and the quenching gas regulating unit is respectively connected with the quenching gas flow detection device and the quenching gas circulating compressor;

the fly ash residual carbon on-line detection device, the fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device, the waste boiler inlet temperature detection device, the oxygen regulation unit and the chilling air regulation unit are respectively connected to the control unit.

Preferably, the outlet of the water washing unit is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with the chilling gas circulating compressor, and the other branch is connected with the gas purification system.

Preferably, the fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device comprises a processor, a density meter and a flow meter, wherein the density meter and the flow meter are respectively connected with the processor, and the processor is connected with the control unit.

Preferably, the inlet of the chilling gas circulation compressor is provided with a defoaming device.

Preferably, the quench gas recycle compressor is a variable frequency compressor.

Preferably, the quench gas conditioning unit comprises a frequency regulator, which is connected with the control unit and the quench gas recycle compressor, respectively.

The invention discloses a working method of the load adjusting and efficiency improving system of the gasification furnace, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps that fly ash from an outlet of a waste boiler is detected by a fly ash residual carbon online detection device for detecting the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash, and after the fly ash yield and synthetic gas flow rate are detected by a fly ash yield and synthetic gas flow rate detection device, the fly ash is treated by an ash removal unit and a water washing unit in sequence and then enters an activated gas circulating compressor; the waste boiler inlet temperature detection device detects the temperature of the synthesis gas at the waste boiler inlet; the chilling gas flow detection device detects the chilling gas flow; the control unit regulates and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash and the fly ash yield, and regulates and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of the synthesis gas.

Preferably, the real-time regulation and control of the oxygen amount and the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace are carried out by the following formula:

M₂＝Z₁×M₁×Xc/12×16

Q＝Z₂×M₁×Xc/12×111＝Z₃×λ×(_△M₃×T+M₀×_△T-_△M₄×T₀)

_△M₄＝_△M₃-2M₂/32×0.0224Nm³/mol

wherein M is₁For fly ash production, M₂In order to obtain the amount of oxygen to be fed into the gasifier,_△M₃in order to obtain the amount of variation in the flow rate of the synthesis gas,_△M₄for cyclic quench gas variation, M₀Is the original flow of the synthesis gas, Xc is the mass percent of the carbon residue in the fly ash, Q is the heat release of the carbon residue reaction, lambda is the specific heat of the synthesis gas, T is the initial temperature of the synthesis gas at the inlet of the waste boiler,_△t is the temperature variation of the synthetic gas at the inlet of the waste boiler, T₀Initial temperature of the circulating quench gas, Z₁、Z₂And Z₃All are correction coefficients indicating the degree of each reaction and the heat loss.

Preferably, Z₁、Z₂And Z₃The value range of (A) is 0.5-1.5.

Preferably, when the gasification is started and the load needs to be adjusted, the coal powder, the water vapor, the oxygen amount and the chilling gas amount are fed according to a simulation working condition and an empirical value, the control unit regulates and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of the residual carbon in the fly ash and the yield of the fly ash, and regulates and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of the synthesis gas.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention discloses a load-adjusting and efficiency-improving system of a gasification furnace, which is characterized in that a fly ash carbon residue online detection device is arranged to measure fly ash carbon residue on line, so that the real-time monitoring of the fly ash carbon residue is realized. The residual carbon of the fly ash and the oxygen are controlled in an interlocking manner, the residual carbon of the fly ash reaches an ideal value by controlling the oxygen inlet amount of the gasification furnace, the oxygen inlet amount and the residual carbon of the fly ash are accurately controlled in the whole process, the gasification efficiency is accurately controlled, and the purposes of saving energy and improving efficiency are achieved. The chilling gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the synthesis gas at the inlet of the waste boiler, so that the circulating chilling gas amount is accurately controlled, unnecessary waste of the chilling gas is avoided, the stable operation of the gasification frequency modulation process is ensured, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced. When the device is used for load adjustment of the gasification furnace, the oxygen amount can be immediately adjusted according to the residual carbon in the fly ash, and the chilling gas amount can be immediately adjusted according to the temperature of the waste boiler inlet, so that the time required by load adjustment of the gasification furnace is shortened, and the flexibility and stability of the load adjustment of the gasification furnace are improved. The invention makes a breakthrough progress in the aspects of improving the comprehensive efficiency and the carbon conversion rate of the gasification furnace, saves energy, protects environment and has good application prospect.

Furthermore, the outlet of the water washing unit is simultaneously connected with two branches, so that redundant synthesis gas can be led out of the system through the crude synthesis gas discharge pipe for utilization.

Furthermore, a defoaming device is arranged at the inlet of the chilling gas circulating compressor to remove the moisture fly ash in the synthetic gas treated by the water cooling unit, so that the loss of equipment is reduced.

Furthermore, the chilling gas circulating compressor is a variable frequency compressor, so that the chilling gas amount can be changed and adjusted in real time according to the working condition of the gasification furnace.

The working method of the gasifier load regulation and efficiency improvement system disclosed by the invention has high automation degree, can accurately control the gasification efficiency and the chilling gas amount, improves the carbon conversion rate and reduces the energy consumption; and the oxygen and the chilling gas amount are matched and adjusted in real time according to the load of the gasification furnace, so that the efficient and stable operation of the gasification furnace is ensured.

Furthermore, the oxygen amount and the chilling gas amount can be accurately controlled through a formula, and the efficiency and the stability of the gasification furnace are improved.

Further, according to the real-time working conditions of the raw material and the gasification furnace, according to Z₁、Z₂And Z₃The accuracy of the oxygen and the chilling gas quantity can be further improved by correcting the reaction degree and the heat loss.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

In the figure: the system comprises a control unit 1, a fly ash residual carbon online detection device 2, a fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device 3, an ash removal unit 4, a water washing unit 5, a waste boiler inlet temperature detection device 6, an oxygen regulation unit 7, a chilling gas flow detection device 8, a chilling gas circulating compressor 9 and a chilling gas regulation unit 10.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate and not to limit the invention:

referring to fig. 1, the system for load adjustment and efficiency improvement of the gasification furnace of the present invention includes a control unit 1, a fly ash residual carbon on-line detection device 2, a fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device 3, an ash removal unit 4, a water washing unit 5, a waste boiler inlet temperature detection device 6, an oxygen regulation unit 7, a chilling gas flow detection device 8, a chilling gas circulation compressor 9, and a chilling gas regulation unit 10.

The ash removal unit 4 is connected with an outlet of a waste boiler of the gasification furnace, the ash removal unit 4 is connected with the water washing unit 5, an outlet of the water washing unit 5 is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with the chilling gas circulating compressor 9, and the other branch is connected to the gas purification system; the chilling gas circulating compressor 9 is connected to a chilling gas inlet of the gasification furnace, preferably, the chilling gas circulating compressor 9 adopts a variable frequency compressor, and a defoaming device is arranged at the inlet of the chilling gas circulating compressor 9, so that the moisture fly ash in the synthetic gas treated by the water cooling unit can be removed, and the loss of equipment is reduced.

The online detection device 2 for fly ash carbon residue and the detection device 3 for fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ash removal unit 4 and a waste pot outlet of the gasification furnace, the detection device 6 for waste pot inlet temperature is arranged at the waste pot inlet, the oxygen regulating unit 7 is connected with an oxygen supply system of the gasification furnace, the detection device 8 for chilling gas flow is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the water washing unit 5 and the chilling gas circulating compressor 9, the chilling gas regulating unit 10 is respectively connected with the detection device 8 for chilling gas flow and the chilling gas circulating compressor 9, the chilling gas regulating unit 10 comprises a frequency regulator, and the frequency regulator is respectively connected with the control unit 1 and the chilling gas circulating compressor 9 and is used for regulating the frequency of the chilling gas circulating compressor 9 in real time.

The fly ash residual carbon online detection device 2, the fly ash yield and synthesis gas flow detection device 3, the waste boiler inlet temperature detection device 6, the oxygen regulation unit 7 and the chilling air regulation unit 10 are respectively connected to the control unit 1. Preferably, the fly ash production and synthesis gas flow rate detection means 3 comprises a processor, a densitometer and a flow meter, which are respectively connected to the processor, and the processor is connected to the control unit 1.

The ash removal unit 4 preferably adopts a bag-type dust remover.

The waste boiler inlet temperature detection device 6 is preferably a thermocouple and is vertically arranged at the center of the waste boiler inlet.

The water washing unit 5 preferably employs a gas washing tower.

The working method of the load adjusting and efficiency improving system of the gasification furnace comprises the following steps:

the fly ash from the waste boiler outlet is detected by the fly ash residual carbon on-line detection device 2 for the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash, the fly ash yield and the synthetic gas flow rate, and then the fly ash and the synthetic gas flow rate are detected by the synthetic gas flow rate detection device 3, and then the fly ash is treated by the ash removal unit 4 and the water washing unit 5 in sequence and enters the cold gas circulating compressor 9; the waste boiler inlet temperature detection device 6 detects the temperature of the synthesis gas at the waste boiler inlet; the chilling gas flow detection device 8 detects the chilling gas flow; the control unit 1 regulates and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of residual carbon in the fly ash and the fly ash yield, and regulates and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of the synthesis gas.

When the gasification starts and the load needs to be adjusted, the coal powder, the water vapor, the oxygen amount and the chilling gas amount are fed according to the simulated working condition and the empirical value, the control unit 1 adjusts and controls the oxygen amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the mass percentage of the residual carbon in the fly ash and the yield of the fly ash, and adjusts and controls the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace in real time according to the temperature variation of the synthesis gas.

The main reactions in the system are as follows:

1. steam reforming reaction

C+H₂O＝CO+H₂-131KJ/mol

2. Water gas shift reaction

CO+H₂O＝CO₂+H₂+42KJ/mol

3. Partial oxidation reaction

C+0.5O₂＝CO+111KJ/mol

4. Complete oxidation (combustion) reaction

C+O₂＝CO₂+394KJ/mol

5. Methanation reaction

CO+2H₂＝CH₄+74KJ/mol

Boudouard reaction

C+CO₂＝2CO+-172KJ/mol

The real-time regulation and control of the oxygen amount and the chilling gas amount entering the gasification furnace are carried out by the following formula:

M₂＝Z₁×M₁×Xc/12×16

Q＝Z₂×M₁×Xc/12×111＝Z₃×λ×(_△M₃×T+M₀×_△T-_△M₄×T₀)

_△M₄＝_△M₃-2M₂/32×0.0224Nm³/mol

wherein M is₁For fly ash production, M₂In order to obtain the amount of oxygen to be fed into the gasifier,_△M₃in order to obtain the amount of variation in the flow rate of the synthesis gas,_△M₄for cyclic quench gas variation, M₀Is the original flow of the synthesis gas, Xc is the mass percent of the carbon residue in the fly ash, Q is the heat release of the carbon residue reaction, lambda is the specific heat of the synthesis gas, T is the initial temperature of the synthesis gas at the inlet of the waste boiler,_△t is the temperature variation of the synthetic gas at the inlet of the waste boiler, T₀Initial temperature of circulating cold gas, typically 220 deg.C, Z₁、Z₂And Z₃All are correction coefficients indicating the degree of each reaction and the heat loss.

In general, Z₁、Z₂And Z₃The value range of (A) is 0.5-1.5.

The effects of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples below:

example 1:

the detailed parameters of a certain segment gasification furnace are as follows:

1920t/d dry coal powder pressurized gasifier has dry coal carbon content of 70%, fly ash yield of 7000kg/h measured by the fly ash yield and synthetic gas flow detection device 3, and fly ash carbon residue of 5% measured by the fly ash carbon residue on-line detection device 2.

4 burners are arranged, and 20000kg/h is fed into each burner; 15200kg/h of oxygen is added into each burner; adding 1638kg/h of steam into each burner; specific heat lambda of synthetic gas is 1.444KJ/Nm³℃

After the gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system is started, the oxygen amount of each burner is increased by 93kg/h through the system, the residual carbon of fly ash is reduced to 1%, and the chilling gas amount is increased: delta M₄＝847.3Nm³Per, effective gas amount is increased by 470Nm³/h。

Example 2:

1920t/d dry coal powder pressurized gasifier, 70% of carbon content of dry base coal, 4 burners are arranged, and 20000kg/h is fed into each burner; 15200kg/h of oxygen is added into each burner; adding 1638kg/h of steam into each burner; specific heat lambda of synthetic gas is 1.444KJ/Nm³DEG C. The gasifier is now adjusted to 80% operating conditions. The gasification furnace load regulation and efficiency improvement system is started, the oxygen amount of each burner is reduced by 3690kg/h, the residual carbon of fly ash is reduced to 1 percent, and the chilling gas amount is reduced by the calculation of the system:_△M₄＝45294Nm³/h。

the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and although some terms are used in the present invention, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for convenience in describing and explaining the nature of the invention and are to be construed as any additional limitation which is not in accordance with the spirit of the invention. The foregoing is merely an illustration of the present invention for the purpose of providing an easy understanding and is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, and any technical extensions or innovations made herein are protected by the present invention.