阅读说明：本技术 一种小模数齿轮侧隙检测方法 (Small-module gear backlash detection method ) 是由 王刻强 杨医华 蔡国庆 周文 丁伟 于 2020-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明一种小模数齿轮侧隙的测量方法,将从动齿轮旋转至测试面呈水平的状态,确定初始角度θ-0为90度,并将千分表的探头垂直抵靠于上述测试面表面上的测试初始点,记录测试初始点位置数据为(x-0,y-0),使千分表数值归零,此时y-0＝R,转动从动齿轮,直至从动齿轮啮合齿上的一个面与主动齿轮啮合,记录千分表的当前数据△y,在公式中代入已知参数R、θ-0、△y、x-0,求得测试面法向倾角θ-1；再通过已知齿轮分度圆半径为r,测得齿轮侧隙l：l＝r·|θ-1-θ-0|,本发明不需要将千分表的探头伸入齿轮间隙中,就能够对小模数的齿轮侧隙进行精准测量,实现手段简易方便,不需要太多辅助测试工具,待测参数少,成本较低。(The invention relates to a method for measuring backlash of a small module gear, which comprises the steps of rotating a driven gear to a state that a test surface is horizontal, and determining an initial angle theta 0 The angle is 90 degrees, the probe of the dial indicator is vertically abutted against the test initial point on the surface of the test surface, and the position data of the test initial point is recorded as (x) 0 ，y 0 ) To zero the value of the dial gauge, at which time y 0 Rotating the driven gear until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and substituting the known parameters R and theta into the formula 0 、△y、x 0 Calculating the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface 1 (ii) a And then measuring the gear backlash l by knowing that the reference circle radius of the gear is r: l ═ r · | θ 1 ‑θ 0 The invention can accurately measure the small-modulus gear backlash without extending the probe of the dial indicator into the gear backlash, has simple and convenient implementation means, does not need too many auxiliary testing tools, has few parameters to be measured and has lower cost.)

1. A method for measuring the backlash of a small module gear is adapted to an existing meshing gear testing device and comprises a driving gear and a driven gear which can be completely meshed, wherein the driving gear is locked through a motor, and the driven gear can rotate in the backlash range, and is characterized by comprising the following measuring steps:

step 1, fixing a test piece with a test surface at the tail end of a driven gear shaft, and vertically abutting a probe of a dial indicator against a test initial point on the surface of the test surface during measurement;

step 2, rotating the driven gear to enable the test surface of the test piece to be in a horizontal state, enabling the test initial state of the test surface to be in a horizontal state, establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the axis of the driven gear shaft as an original point, and enabling a straight line passing through the axis and perpendicular to the test surface to be a normal datum line l₁The normal datum line l₁The equation of (a) is:

l₁:y＝tanθ·x (1)

in the formula, x and y are coordinate points of x and y axes respectively, and formula (1) is a normal reference line l₁All the set points of (a), theta being a normal reference line l₁The angle with the x-axis;

let the test initial point to the end point of the dial indicator probe on the test surface be a test line l₂The test line l₂The corresponding equation is as follows:

wherein R is the distance from the testing surface to the axis, x and y are the coordinate points of x and y axes, respectively, and formula (2) is the over-testing line l₂All rendezvous points of;

and 3, controlling the driven gear to be completely meshed with the driving gear, fixing the driving gear, and testing the initial angle theta of the surface at the moment₀Is 90 degrees;

step 4, determining an initial angle theta₀Then, the probe of the dial indicator vertically abuts against the test initial point on the surface of the test surface, the direction of the probe of the dial indicator is vertical to the x axis of the coordinate system, and the position data of the test initial point is recorded as (x)₀，y₀) To zero the dial gauge value, as the initial angle theta₀At 90 degrees, y₀＝R；

Step 5, rotating the driven gear until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, and testing the point (x)₀，y₁) And also the test end point, recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and then:

Δy＝y₁-y₀ (3)

let the normal inclination of the test surface be θ₁Then, there are:

substituting the known parameters R and theta₀、△y、x₀Then the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface can be obtained₁；

Given a gear pitch radius r, the measured gear backlash, l, is:

l＝r·|θ₁-θ₀| (7)

wherein, theta₁Is made into a radian system.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the backlash of the small module gear comprises the steps of: a horizontal correction plate is arranged on the upper surface of the test surface slightly, and automatic horizontal correction is carried out on the test surface.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the backlash of the small module gear comprises the steps of: presetting a test initial point of known position data on a test sheet to obtain the position data (x) of the test initial point₀，y₀) Or measuring to obtain position data after determining the initial point of the test on the test sheet.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of gear detection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a small module gear backlash.

Background

When the gear is in meshing transmission, in order to form a lubricating oil film between meshing tooth profiles and avoid the phenomenon that the tooth profiles are blocked due to friction and thermal expansion, a gap is required to be left between the tooth profiles, and the gap is called a tooth side gap, which is called a backlash for short. In order to ensure the normal formation of a lubricating oil film between the tooth surfaces and prevent the gear teeth from being stuck due to thermal expansion deformation caused by the rise of the operating temperature of the gear, the gear teeth must have a proper backlash during meshing. Therefore, in gear detection items, gear backlash is often required to be detected, and normal transmission of the gear is ensured.

The conventional method for detecting the backlash of the gear at present is to fix one of a pair of meshing teeth, attach a probe to the pitch circle of the tooth surface of the other tooth by adopting a dial indicator, and measure the jumping amount of a measuring point by rotating a driven gear. According to the assembled gear pair, a method for fixing one gear and then measuring the circumferential shaking amount (measured by the arc length on the graduated circle) of the other gear has the problems that when the gear modulus is small, the gear tooth space is small, the probe of a dial indicator is relatively large and cannot extend into the gear gap, or can extend into the gear but the tooth surface is small and cannot accurately measure the jumping amount at the graduated circle, so that the method for accurately measuring the small-modulus gear backlash is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for measuring the backlash of the small-modulus gear, which is adapted to the existing meshing gear testing device, can accurately measure the backlash of the small-modulus gear, and has the advantages of simple and convenient implementation means and lower cost.

The invention relates to a method for measuring backlash of a small module gear, which is suitable for an existing meshing gear testing device and comprises a driving gear and a driven gear which can be completely meshed, wherein the driving gear is locked by a motor, and the driven gear can rotate in the backlash range, and the method comprises the following measuring steps:

step 1, fixing a test piece with a test surface at the tail end of a driven gear shaft, and vertically abutting a probe of a dial indicator against a test initial point on the surface of the test surface during measurement;

step 2, rotating the driven gear to enable the test surface of the test piece to be in a horizontal state, enabling the test initial state of the test surface to be in a horizontal state, establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the axis of the driven gear shaft as an original point, and enabling a straight line passing through the axis and perpendicular to the test surface to be a normal datum line l₁The normal datum line l₁The equation of (a) is:

l₁:y＝tanθ·x (1)

in the formula, x and y are coordinate points of x and y axes respectively, and formula (1) is a normal reference line l₁All the set points of (a), theta being a normal reference line l₁The angle with the x-axis;

let the test initial point to the end point of the dial indicator probe on the test surface be a test line l₂The test line l₂The corresponding equation is as follows:

wherein R is the distance from the testing surface to the axis, x and y are the coordinate points of x and y axes, respectively, and formula (2) is the over-testing line l₂All rendezvous points of;

and 3, controlling the driven gear to be completely meshed with the driving gear, fixing the driving gear, and testing the initial angle theta of the surface at the moment₀Is 90 degrees;

step 4, determining an initial angle theta₀Then, the probe of the dial indicator vertically abuts against the test initial point on the surface of the test surface, the direction of the probe of the dial indicator is vertical to the x axis of the coordinate system, and the position data of the test initial point is recorded as (x)₀，y₀) To zero the dial gauge value, as the initial angle theta₀At 90 degrees, y₀＝R；

Step 5, rotating the driven gear until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, and testing the point (x)₀，y₁) And also the test end point, recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and then:

Δy＝y₁-y₀ (3)

let the normal inclination of the test surface be θ₁Then, there are:

substituting the known parameters R and theta₀、△y、x₀Then the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface can be obtained₁；

Given a gear pitch radius r, the measured gear backlash, l, is:

l＝r·|θ₁-θ₀| (7)

wherein, theta₁Is made into a radian system.

Furthermore, a horizontal correction plate is arranged slightly above the upper surface of the test surface, and automatic horizontal correction is carried out on the test surface.

Further, a test initiation point of known position data is preset on the test sheet, thereby obtaining the test initiation point position data (x)₀，y₀) Or measuring to obtain position data after determining the initial point of the test on the test sheet.

By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, aiming at the situation that the driving gear is locked, the driven gear can rotate in the backlash range, and the driven gear shaft (or a concentric shaft rotating along with the driven gear shaft) has an existing meshing gear testing device capable of being additionally provided with a mounting position of a testing point, a method for measuring the backlash of the small-module gear is provided₀The angle is 90 degrees, the probe of the dial indicator is vertically abutted against the test initial point on the surface of the test surface, and the position data of the test initial point is recorded as (x)₀，y₀) The value of the dial indicator is returned to zero,at this time y₀Rotating the driven gear until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear meshes with the driving gear until reaching a test end point (x)₀，y₁) Recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and substituting the known parameters R and theta into the formula₀、△y、x₀Calculating the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface₁(ii) a And then measuring the gear backlash l by knowing that the reference circle radius of the gear is r: l ═ r · | θ₁-θ₀Therefore, the invention can accurately measure the small-modulus gear backlash without extending the probe of the dial indicator into the gear backlash, has simple and convenient implementation means, does not need too many auxiliary test tools, has few parameters to be measured and has lower cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a testing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention in an initial position; a

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a test position;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal calibration plate according to the present invention.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a method for measuring the backlash of a small module gear, which is adapted to an existing meshing gear testing device, and requires that the meshing gear testing device can lock a single gear, the other gear can rotate in the backlash range, and an installation position which can be additionally provided with a test point exists on a gear shaft (or a concentric shaft rotating along with the gear shaft) of a rotatable gear;

the testing principle of the invention is shown in figure 2, the testing sheet 4 is in an initial state, the axis of the driven gear shaft 3 is taken as the origin, and the straight line is establishedAn angular coordinate system, wherein a straight line passing through the axis and perpendicular to the test surface is taken as a normal datum line l₁The normal datum line l₁The equation of (a) is:

l₁:y＝tanθ·x (1)

in the formula, x and y are coordinate points of x and y axes respectively, and formula (1) is a normal reference line l₁All the set points of (a), theta being a normal reference line l₁The angle with the x-axis;

let the test initial point to the end point of the dial indicator probe on the test surface 41 be a test line l₂The test line l₂The corresponding equation is as follows:

wherein R is the distance from the testing surface to the axis, x and y are the coordinate points of x and y axes, respectively, and formula (2) is the over-testing line l₂All rendezvous points of;

the method specifically comprises the following measuring steps:

step 1, in this embodiment, the driven gear 2 is rotated until the testing surface 41 of the testing sheet 4 is in a horizontal state, in order to accurately control the testing surface 41 to be in a horizontal state, a horizontal calibration plate 5 may be slightly disposed on the upper surface of the testing surface 41, as shown in fig. 4, an automatic horizontal calibration is performed on the testing surface 41, where a variety of existing horizontal calibration means may be selected, which is not repeated herein, in this embodiment, the testing initial state of the testing surface 41 is in a horizontal state, which is to facilitate determining the initial angle θ of the testing surface₀I.e. normal datum line l₁Angle theta with the x-axis₀The initial angle theta₀May be any value as long as the initial angle θ can be accurately obtained₀The value is that the driven gear 2 is controlled to be completely meshed with the driving gear 1, then the driving gear 1 is fixed, and the initial angle theta is formed at the moment₀Is 90 degrees;

step 2, as shown in FIG. 2, determining an initial angle θ₀Then, the probe of the dial indicator vertically abuts against the test initiation point on the surface of the test surface 41, and a known position number can be preset on the test piece 41According to the initial test point, or measuring after determining the initial test point to obtain position data, the direction of the dial indicator probe is vertical to the x axis of the coordinate system, and the position data of the initial test point is recorded as (x)₀，y₀) To zero the value of the dial indicator when theta₀At 90 degrees, y₀＝R；

Step 3, rotating the driven gear 2 until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear 2 is meshed with the driving gear 1, and testing the point (x) as shown in figure 3₀，y₁) And also the test end point, recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and then:

Δy＝y₁-y₀ (3)

let the normal inclination of the test surface 41 be θ₁Then, there are:

substituting the known parameters R and theta₀、△y、x₀Then the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface can be obtained₁；

Given a gear pitch radius r, the gear backlash l is measured: l ═ r · | θ₁-θ₀| (7)

Wherein, theta₁Is made into a radian system.

The invention is characterized in that aiming at the situation that a driving gear is locked, a driven gear can rotate in a backlash range, and a driven gear shaft (or a concentric shaft rotating along with the driven gear shaft) is provided with an existing meshing gear testing device capable of being additionally provided with a mounting position of a testing point, a method for measuring the backlash of a small-module gear is providedDetermining an initial angle theta₀The angle is 90 degrees, the probe of the dial indicator is vertically abutted against the test initial point on the surface of the test surface, and the position data of the test initial point is recorded as (x)₀，y₀) To zero the value of the dial gauge, at which time y₀Rotating the driven gear until one surface of the meshing teeth of the driven gear meshes with the driving gear until reaching a test end point (x)₀，y₁) Recording the current data delta y of the dial indicator, and substituting the known parameters R and theta into the formula₀、△y、x₀Calculating the normal inclination angle theta of the test surface₁(ii) a And then measuring the gear backlash l by knowing that the reference circle radius of the gear is r: l ═ r · | θ₁-θ₀Therefore, the invention can accurately measure the small-modulus gear backlash without extending the probe of the dial indicator into the gear backlash, has simple and convenient implementation means, does not need too many auxiliary test tools, has few parameters to be measured and has lower cost.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.