阅读说明：本技术 一种施工过程中地下水位的监测装置及方法 (Underground water level monitoring device and method in construction process ) 是由 王玥 徐启鹏 宋妍 刘永胜 邹翀 赵军喜 刘国良 付仲润 史继尧 卢金栋 许俊伟 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种施工过程中地下水位的监测装置,包括：两根平行且间隔设置的测线,各根测线中均包括一根线芯,两根线芯相互平行；在各根线芯上且沿长度方向均螺旋缠绕一电阻丝,各电阻丝均与对应的线芯紧密贴合,两根电阻丝的末端均用于连接导线；各根测线外均各同轴套设有一线壳,各线壳均为两端封闭的圆筒体。两个线壳间一体连接有一导电隙壳体,导电隙壳体的长度与各线壳的长度相同；导电隙壳体内腔为导电隙,导电隙与两个线壳的内腔均相连通。在导电隙壳体上,且沿其长度方向间隔开设有多个进水孔,用于使地层中的水流入导电隙中,并通过导电隙导入两个线壳内腔中。以降低测点布设和测点维护的成本和难度,简化日常测量工作。(The invention discloses a device for monitoring underground water level in the construction process, which comprises: the testing device comprises two testing wires which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, wherein each testing wire comprises a wire core, and the two wire cores are parallel to each other; each resistance wire is spirally wound on each wire core along the length direction, each resistance wire is tightly attached to the corresponding wire core, and the tail ends of the two resistance wires are used for connecting a lead; each wire measuring is coaxially sleeved with a wire shell, and each wire shell is a cylinder with two closed ends. A conductive gap shell is integrally connected between the two line shells, and the length of the conductive gap shell is the same as that of each line shell; the inner cavity of the conductive gap shell body is a conductive gap which is communicated with the inner cavities of the two line shells. And a plurality of water inlet holes are arranged on the conductive gap shell at intervals along the length direction of the conductive gap shell, and are used for enabling water in the stratum to flow into the conductive gap and be guided into the inner cavities of the two line shells through the conductive gap. The cost and the difficulty of measuring point layout and measuring point maintenance are reduced, and the daily measurement work is simplified.)

1. The device for monitoring the underground water level in the construction process is characterized by being vertically buried in a soil body and used for monitoring the change of the water level in the stratum; the method comprises the following steps:

the device comprises two parallel measuring lines arranged at intervals, wherein each measuring line comprises a wire core (2), and the two wire cores (2) are parallel to each other and made of non-conductive materials;

a resistance wire (1) is spirally wound on each wire core (2) along the length direction, each resistance wire (1) is tightly attached to the corresponding wire core (2), and the tail ends of the two resistance wires (1) are used for being connected with a lead;

a wire shell (3) is coaxially sleeved outside each wire, and each wire shell (3) is a cylinder with two closed ends;

a conductive gap shell is integrally connected between the two line shells (3), and the length of the conductive gap shell is the same as that of each line shell (3); the inner cavity of the conductive gap shell body is a conductive gap (4), and the conductive gap (4) is communicated with the inner cavities of the two wire shells (3);

a plurality of water inlet holes (5) are arranged on the conductive gap shell at intervals along the length direction of the conductive gap shell, and are used for enabling water in the stratum to flow into the conductive gap (4) and to be guided into the inner cavities of the two line shells (3) through the conductive gap (4).

2. An in-process ground water level monitoring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said conductive gap housing is rectangular and has a length corresponding to the length of both said line housings (3).

3. An in-process ground water level monitoring device as claimed in claim 2 wherein the width of the conductive gap housing is less than 5 mm.

4. The device for monitoring the underground water level in the construction process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the winding intervals of the resistance wires (1) are equal on each wire core (2).

5. The underground water level monitoring device in the construction process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the two resistance wires (1) are made of the same material, have the same length and are wound in the same winding mode.

6. A method for monitoring the groundwater level during construction, which comprises using the apparatus for monitoring the groundwater level during construction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising:

step one, vertically burying the monitoring device in a soil body;

step two, adopting an initial value: connecting the leads at the tail ends of the two resistance wires (1) with two measuring pins of an ohmmeter respectively, and measuring an initial resistance value R by the ohmmeter₁(ii) a The initial groundwater level depth was calculated as: h is₁＝R₁A/2 ab; removing the ohm meter;

step three, monitoring again: in the construction process, when monitoring again according to the construction monitoring frequency, the leads at the tail ends of the two resistance wires (1) are respectively connected with the two measuring pins of the ohmmeter, and the resistance value R is measured by the ohmmeter at the moment₂(ii) a Removing the ohm meter; calculating the underground water level depth at the moment as follows: h is₂＝R₂/2ab；

Wherein: a is the resistance value of the resistance wire (1) in unit length;

b is the ratio of the length of the resistance wire 1 to the length of the wire core (2),

l is the length of the resistance wire (1) wound by one circle, S is the winding distance, and d is the diameter of the wire core (2).

7. The method for monitoring the groundwater level during construction according to claim 6, further comprising:

step four, calculating the change value of the underground water level according to the underground water level depth in the step two and the step three, wherein the change value of the underground water level is as follows: h is₂-h₁＝(R₂-R₁)/2ab。

8. The method for monitoring the groundwater level during construction according to claim 7, wherein a cotton ball or paper ball is stuffed at the inlet hole (5) for blocking and filtering the sediment.

9. The method for monitoring the groundwater level during the construction process as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the first step, the monitoring device is vertically inserted into a soil inclination measuring hole or a soil layered settlement hole, is bound outside a soil inclination measuring pipe or a layered settlement pipe, and is vertically inserted downwards into the bottom soil along with the corresponding pipe.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the length of the buried measuring line is greater than the maximum depth of change of the groundwater level.

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering monitoring and measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for monitoring underground water level in a construction process.

[ background of the invention ]

In underground engineering, the existence of underground water is one of the most important factors influencing engineering safety, engineering progress and engineering quality, so that the occurrence state of the underground water needs to be strictly monitored in the whole construction process so as to adjust construction measures in time, scientifically and reasonably deal with the underground water, and avoid safety accidents and engineering delay. The most widely applied monitoring target is underground water level, the PVC pipe is drilled on the ground, then the PVC pipe is put into the PVC pipe, the PVC pipe is measured by a measuring tape water level meter, a probe is put into the PVC pipe during measurement, the probe rings after contacting the water surface in the pipe, the length of the measuring tape is recorded, and the underground water level burial depth is obtained.

The method is intuitive and easy to understand, but has the following defects in the actual construction process: firstly, measuring points are not easy to arrange, drilling and pipe laying are needed, and the comprehensive cost is high; secondly, after the measuring points are arranged, along with the progress of engineering construction, equipment, materials and muck are frequently operated, so that the measuring points are easily damaged or blocked, and the maintenance work is heavy; thirdly, the measurement is slow and inconvenient, a surveyor needs to carry a heavy measuring tape water level gauge by hand, gradually put the probe down to the water surface, and gradually withdraw the probe after reading.

Therefore, in the underground engineering construction process, a faster and more convenient underground water level measuring method is needed, the cost and difficulty of measuring point arrangement and measuring point maintenance are reduced, and meanwhile, the measuring work is carried out more quickly and more conveniently.

[ summary of the invention ]

The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring underground water level in a construction process, which is used for reducing the cost and difficulty of measuring point layout and measuring point maintenance and simplifying daily measurement work.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a monitoring device of underground water level in the construction process is used for being vertically buried in a soil body and monitoring the change of the water level in the stratum; the method comprises the following steps:

the testing device comprises two parallel testing wires which are arranged at intervals, wherein each testing wire comprises a wire core, and the two wire cores are parallel to each other and are made of non-conductive materials;

each resistance wire is spirally wound on each wire core along the length direction, each resistance wire is tightly attached to the corresponding wire core, and the tail ends of the two resistance wires are used for connecting a lead; each wire measuring is coaxially sleeved with a wire shell, and each wire shell is a cylinder with two closed ends.

A conductive gap shell is integrally connected between the two line shells, and the length of the conductive gap shell is the same as that of each line shell; the inner cavity of the conductive gap shell body is a conductive gap which is communicated with the inner cavities of the two line shells. And a plurality of water inlet holes are arranged on the conductive gap shell at intervals along the length direction of the conductive gap shell, and are used for enabling water in the stratum to flow into the conductive gap and be guided into the inner cavities of the two line shells through the conductive gap.

Further, the conductive gap shell is cuboid, and the length of the conductive gap shell is consistent with the length of the two line shells.

Further, the width of the conductive gap housing is less than 5 mm.

Furthermore, the winding intervals of the resistance wires are equal on each wire core.

Furthermore, the two resistance wires are made of the same material, have the same length and are wound in the same mode.

The invention also discloses a method for monitoring the underground water level in the construction process, which uses the device for monitoring the underground water level in the construction process, and the method comprises the following steps:

step one, vertically burying the monitoring device in a soil body;

step two, adopting an initial value: connecting the wires at the tail ends of the two resistance wires with two measuring pins of an ohmmeter respectively, and measuring an initial resistance value R by the ohmmeter₁(ii) a The initial groundwater level depth was calculated as: h is₁＝R₁A/2 ab; removing the ohm meter;

step three, monitoring again: in the construction process, when monitoring again according to the construction monitoring frequency, the leads at the tail ends of the two resistance wires are respectively connected with the two measuring pins of the ohmmeter, and the resistance value R is measured by the ohmmeter at the moment₂(ii) a Removing the ohm meter; calculating the underground water level depth at the moment as follows: h is₂＝R₂/2ab；

Wherein: a is the resistance value of the resistance wire in unit length;

b is the ratio of the length of the resistance wire 1 to the length of the wire core,

l is the length of resistance wire winding round, and S is the winding interval, and d is the sinle silk diameter.

Further comprising:

step four, calculating the change value of the underground water level according to the underground water level depth in the step two and the step three, wherein the change value of the underground water level is as follows: h is₂-h₁＝(R₂-R₁)/2ab。

Furthermore, the water inlet hole is filled with a cotton ball or a paper ball for blocking and filtering the sediment.

Further, in the first step, the monitoring device is vertically inserted into a soil body inclination measuring hole or a soil body layered settlement hole, is bound outside a soil body inclination measuring pipe or a layered settlement pipe, and is vertically inserted into bottom soil along with the corresponding pipe; the length of the buried measuring line is greater than the maximum variation depth of the underground water level.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the measurement is faster and convenient, only need handheld ohmmeter, two survey lines of UNICOM respectively, the measurement resistance value can, and its mode output with the signal of telecommunication to can adopt along with surveying, be favorable to further realizing automatic measure. 2. The measuring point is easier to maintain, only the exposed measuring line needs to be protected, and the damage and pipe blockage of the traditional water level pipe do not need to be worried. 3. The measuring holes capable of utilizing the soil body displacement are distributed together when the buried-depth soil body is subjected to inclination measurement, measuring points are distributed more conveniently, and work efficiency and cost are saved.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a novel groundwater level monitoring lead;

FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a novel groundwater level monitoring lead;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a principle of groundwater level monitoring calculation;

wherein: 1 resistance wire, 2 sinle silks, 3 line shells, 4 conductive gaps, 5 inlet openings.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention relates to a monitoring device for underground water level in the construction process, which is used for vertically burying in a soil body and monitoring the change of the water level in the stratum as shown in figures 1 and 2; the method comprises the following steps: two survey lines that are parallel and the interval sets up all include a sinle silk 2 in each survey line, and two institute sinle silks 2 are parallel to each other, and all adopt non-conductive material to make.

On each sinle silk 2 and along the equal spiral winding resistance wire 1 of length direction, each resistance wire 1 all closely laminates with sinle silk 2 that correspond, and the end of two resistance wires 1 all is used for connecting wire. On each wire core 2, the winding intervals of the resistance wires 1 are equal.

A wire shell 3 is coaxially sleeved outside each wire, and each wire shell 3 is a cylinder with two closed ends; a conductive gap shell is integrally connected between the two line shells 3, and the length of the conductive gap shell is the same as that of each line shell 3; the inner cavity of the conductive gap shell body is a conductive gap 4, and the conductive gap 4 is communicated with the inner cavities of the two line shells 3.

A plurality of water inlet holes 5 are arranged on the conductive gap shell at intervals along the length direction of the conductive gap shell, and are used for leading water in the stratum to flow into the conductive gap 4 and to be guided into the inner cavities of the two line shells 3 through the conductive gap 4. The conductive gap housing is rectangular and has a length corresponding to the length of the two wire housings 3. The width of the conductive gap housing is less than 5 mm.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring underground water level in a construction process, which uses the device for monitoring underground water level in the construction process and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, vertically burying the monitoring device in a soil body, wherein the length of a buried measuring line is larger than the maximum change depth of an underground water level.

Step two, adopting an initial value: after the embedding is finished, the leads at the tail ends of the two resistance wires 1 are respectively connected with two measuring pins of an ohmmeter, and the initial resistance value measured by the ohmmeter is R₁(ii) a The initial groundwater level was calculated as: h is₁＝R₁A/2 ab; removing the ohm meter;

step three, monitoring again: in the underground engineering construction engineering, when monitoring again according to the specified monitoring frequency, the leads at the tail ends of the two resistance wires 1 are respectively connected with the two measuring pins of the ohmmeter, and the resistance value R is measured by the ohmmeter at the moment₂(ii) a Removing the ohm meter; the underground water level at this time is calculated as: h is₂＝R₂/2ab

Step four, calculating the underground water level change value in the step two and the step three as follows: h is₂-h₁＝(R₂-R₁)/2ab；

Wherein: a is the resistance value of the resistance wire 1 in unit length;

b is the ratio of the length of the resistance wire 1 to the length of the wire core 2;

l is the length of resistance wire 1 winding round, and S is the winding interval, and d is sinle silk 2 diameters.

In the first step, the monitoring device is vertically inserted into a soil body inclination measuring hole or a soil body layered settlement hole, is bound outside a soil body inclination measuring pipe or a layered settlement pipe, and is vertically inserted into bottom soil along with the corresponding pipe downwards.

The resistance wire 1 is a core component of the invention, is made of nickel-nickel alloy, and is selected to have a cross-sectional area of 1mm according to the consideration of three factors of comprehensive cost (the thinner the better), tensile strength (the thicker the better) and resistance (the thinner the better)²The resistance of the standard is about 1 omega/m; the wire core 2 is made of non-conductive high polymer material, such as plastic, and the diameter is about 5 mm; the resistance wire 1 is wound on the wire core 2 to form a measuring wire, and the constant thread distance is kept when the resistance wire 1 is wound, so that the length of the wound resistance wire 1 is increased in the length of the wire core 2 in unit length, the measurable resistance value is increased, the measuring precision is improved, but the resistance wire 1 cannot be contacted in the winding process, namely the thread distance is necessarily larger than the diameter of the resistance wire 1; after winding, the resistance wire 1 and the wire core 2 are quickly baked at high temperature, so that the surface of the wire core 2 is slightly melted, the resistance wire 1 is initially melted and fixed with the resistance wire, and the distance of the thread wound by the resistance wire 1 cannot easily slip and change in subsequent carrying and bending processes; the wire shell 3 is made of hard plastic insulating materials and is divided into a front piece and a rear piece, and after the two wire measuring pieces are clamped, the resistance wire 1 and the wire core 2 are further prevented from slipping relatively, and the distance of winding threads is prevented from changing. The width of the conductive gap 4 is less than 5 mm; the front and back longitudinal central axes of the line shell 3 are provided with equidistant water inlet holes 5 with the diameter of 2mm, underground water can flow into the conductive gap 4 through the equidistant water inlet holes, and the water level in the conductive gap 4 is equal to the underground water level after the water flow is balanced according to the principle of a communicating vessel. Two sections of resistance wires 1 above the ground water level and the ground in the conductive gap 4Water is communicated to form a half electrified loop; the resistance wires 1 of the two measuring wires are electrically communicated through the conductivity of water.

The measurement principle is as follows:

assuming that the resistance value of the resistance wire 1 in unit length is a omega/m, the resistance wire 1 is wound by a fixed pitch, so that the length of the resistance wire 1 is b times of the length of the wire core 2;

according to the solid geometry knowledge, the length calculation formula of the cylindrical thread line isWherein L is the length of the cylindrical thread, S is the thread spacing, and d is the diameter of the wire core 2; then

As shown in figure 3, after the survey line is vertically buried underground, underground water flows into the conductive gap 4 through the water inlet 5, because water has conductivity, the left and right resistance wires 1 in the line shell 3 are communicated, the resistance wires are positioned above the underground water level by taking the water surface as a boundary to form effective resistance, at the moment, the two resistance wires are connected with the ohm meter on the ground, and the current resistance can be measured as R₁The resistance wire comprises a left resistance wire 1 and a right resistance wire 1 which are equal in length, and the distance between the two resistance wires 1 is very small, so that the resistance of water in the conductive gap 4 can be ignored, and the resistance of each resistance wire 1 is R₁And/2, knowing according to the parameters of the resistance wire, wherein:

the total length of the resistance wire 1 in the path is: r₁/a；

The total length of the wire core 2 in the passage is: r₁/ab；

The buried depth of the underground water level is: h is₁＝(R₁/ab)/2＝R₁/2ab。

When the underground water level is lowered, the resistance value is measured to be R₂At this time, the underground water level is buried as h₂＝R₂A/2 ab, a value of variation of groundwater level between two measurements of h₂-h₁＝(R₂-R₁)/2ab。

(1) And (3) measuring point layout:

in the underground engineering construction process, various monitoring holes such as soil body inclination measurement, soil body layered settlement and the like need to be arranged at the periphery of a construction range, after the holes are formed, the measuring line can be bound at the outer side of a soil body inclination measurement pipe or a layered settlement pipe, bound along the pipe body as much as possible, and then vertically inserted into the soil along with the pipe body downwards.

If the stratum soil body particles are fine, some cotton balls or paper balls are also needed to be plugged in the water inlet holes 5, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of silt enters the conductive gaps 4 and is accumulated to generate capillary effect water absorption, and the measuring result is inaccurate is avoided.

After the pipe body is inserted to the bottom of the hole, redundant monitoring wires are cut off on the ground, and the inclination measuring residual wire ends are led into the junction box for proper protection.

(2) Taking an initial value:

after the measuring points are buried, two poles of the ohm meter are respectively connected with two measuring lines () of the monitoring lead by using the ohm meter, the resistance value at the moment is read and recorded as an initial value R₁(ii) a According to the public indication in the measurement principle, the underground water level is h₁＝R₁/2ab；

(3) And (3) subsequent field measurement:

in the underground engineering construction project, the numerical value is collected according to the specified monitoring frequency, the collecting method is the same as the initial value, the resistance value at the moment is read out and recorded as R₂(ii) a The ground water level is h₂＝R₂/2ab。

(4) And (3) measurement result calculation:

the two measurements can obtain the change value of the underground water level as h₂-h₁＝(R₂-R₁)/2ab。

(5) And (4) maintenance of a measuring point:

the terminal of the measuring line is kept in the junction box in daily life, the signboard is hung, and the line is prevented from being pulled vigorously, so that the line is prevented from being pulled.