阅读说明：本技术 一种高接换种快速成园方法 (High-grafting and seed-changing rapid garden forming method ) 是由 陈品文 杨贵川 蒲成伟 周立 杨贵先 冉晶 于 2021-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高接换种快速成园方法,属于植物嫁接技术领域。本发明高接换种快速成园方法主要包括砧木选择、砧木处理、嫁接位置规划、在嫁接位置进行腹部芽接、后期管理,充分利用原有树形的中小枝,在每个分支上进行多芽嫁接。本发明利用原有树形,选择适宜砧木进行嫁接,更换结果枝组,使高接换种树体快速成园,同时采用腹部高密度芽接模式,解决了传统锯口大嫁接新芽容易腐烂、伤口易发霉、嫁接后成园慢的问题,提高了嫁接成活率。(The invention discloses a high grafting and seed changing rapid garden forming method, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting. The high grafting and seed changing fast garden forming method mainly comprises the steps of stock selection, stock treatment, grafting position planning, abdominal bud grafting and later period management at the grafting position, and multi-bud grafting is carried out on each branch by fully utilizing middle and small branches of the original tree form. The method utilizes the original tree form, selects suitable stocks for grafting, and changes bearing branch groups, so that the high-grafting and seed-changing trees can quickly form a garden, and simultaneously adopts a high-density bud grafting mode at the belly, thereby solving the problems that the traditional saw cut large grafting sprout is easy to rot, the wound is easy to mildew, and the garden after grafting is slow, and improving the grafting survival rate.)

1. A high grafting and seed changing rapid gardening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting 6-8 main branches or side branches with uniform spatial distribution and diameter larger than 1cm as grafting stocks;

(2) treating the rootstock: after selecting the needed rootstock, removing the part with the diameter smaller than 1cm at the top end of the rootstock, and removing the rest of the unselected redundant branch groups;

(3) planning a grafting position: a first grafting position is determined 4-6cm downwards from a notch at the top end of a grafting stock, then a next grafting position is determined 15-20cm downwards from the last grafting position in sequence, and 3-6 grafting positions are determined on each grafting stock;

(4) carrying out abdominal bud grafting at the grafting position;

(5) and (5) performing post-management.

2. The high-grafting rapid gardening method according to claim 1, wherein: when the middle upright branch or trunk of the trunk is selected as the grafting stock, the selection of the other grafting stocks is uniformly distributed around and forms an angle of more than 30 degrees with the upright branch or trunk.

3. The method for rapid formation of a garden by top grafting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and 3, adjacent grafting positions of the same rootstock are distributed on the upper positions of two sides of the branch and are distributed in a left-right alternating mode.

4. A high-inoculation seed-changing rapid gardening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: only one grafting position in a 20cm transverse space is controlled at the convergence position of the grafting stocks.

5. A high grafting seed change rapid gardening method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the abdominal bud grafting specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting a grafting opening reaching the xylem at the planned grafting position by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the grafting opening at an angle of 45 degrees downwards from the bottom of the incision by 0.5 cm;

(2) selecting a scion branch needing to be replanted, selecting plump buds on the branch, cutting a cut of 0.3cm downwards at a position 0.5cm away from the bottom end of the bud at an angle of 45 degrees, cutting the scion branch at a position 0.5cm away from the top end of the bud at an angle of 45 degrees downwards for 0.1-0.2cm deep, enabling a grafting knife edge to be parallel to scion strips, and downwards cutting grafting buds;

(3) embedding the cut grafting buds with the grafting openings, wherein at least one side of the grafting buds is aligned with the cambium;

(4) and (3) selecting a film with good ductility or a commodity grafting film for wrapping, wherein the grafting bud is pinched by one hand, the film is tensioned by the other hand, the film is crossed up and down, and the full position of the grafting bud is exposed by 0.2-0.3cm, so that a new bud can germinate.

6. A quick gardening method of top grafting and seed changing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the post management comprises: immediately irrigating water once after grafting, and then removing stock buds sprouting on the tree body every week until the branches are mature; when the grafted bud germinates to 0.5cm long, the insecticide and the bactericide are used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

7. A quick gardening method of top grafting and seed changing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the post management further comprises: after grafting, fertilizer and water management should be enhanced to promote the sprouting and growth of grafted buds; after grafting survival, the seedling is held lightly by bamboo or wood stick and the growth bud is controlled to swing around in a small range.

8. The method for rapid creation of a garden through top grafting according to claim 7, characterized in that: a bamboo pole or a wooden stick is used for lightly supporting the bamboo pole, the position of the bud grafting position is vertically projected to the ground, the grown tender branch is lightly supported and tied on the bamboo pole by a nylon bundling rope, and the tied and supported bamboo pole can be detached until the branch is aged in autumn.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and particularly relates to a high grafting and seed changing rapid garden forming method.

Background

In recent years, new varieties of oranges have been developed, and the new varieties have been updated at an accelerated speed. In order to put the variety to be changed into production in advance, fruit growers often adopt the traditional high grafting and variety changing mode to graft so as to seize the market and obtain the excess profit of the new variety. The traditional high grafting and seed changing technology has two main methods: one method is to saw off the trunk of the tree, graft 2-3 scions on the top of the saw cut of the trunk by a cutting grafting method, tie the grafting cut by a plastic film, and wrap the saw cut and the scions on the top by the film, so as to prevent the saw cut and the scions from losing water and influencing survival; one is to select 2-3 lateral branches, graft 1-2 scions at the saw cut of each lateral branch after the lateral branches are sawed off, and wrap the saw cut at the top and the scions completely by using a film. In addition, the stock of the traditional grafting technology is usually selected at the top of a trunk or 1-3 main branches, and 2-3 scions are cut and grafted. However, the traditional top grafting and replanting technology has four disadvantages, firstly, the kerf wound is large and is easy to infect germs; secondly, wrapping the top of the scion by a film, wherein the water vapor evaporation humidity at the top is higher, and the newly-extracted buds on the scion are easy to rot and burn when meeting high temperature; thirdly, after the top film is taken off, rainwater easily flows into the grafting wound to cause rot and mildew of the interface, and the survival is seriously and directly influenced; fourthly, the grafted buds are few, and the late garden forming and the production are slow.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a high grafting and seed changing rapid gardening method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting 6-8 main branches or side branches with uniform spatial distribution and diameter larger than 1cm as grafting stocks;

(2) treating the rootstock: after selecting the needed rootstock, removing the part with the diameter smaller than 1cm at the top end of the rootstock, and removing the rest of the unselected redundant branch groups;

(3) planning a grafting position: a first grafting position is determined 4-6cm downwards from a notch at the top end of a grafting stock, then a next grafting position is determined 15-20cm downwards from the last grafting position in sequence, and 3-6 grafting positions are determined on each grafting stock;

(4) carrying out abdominal bud grafting at the grafting position;

(5) and (5) performing post-management.

Specifically, when a middle upright branch or trunk of a trunk is selected as a grafting stock, the selection of the rest grafting stocks should be uniformly distributed around and form an angle of more than 30 degrees with the upright branch or trunk.

The erect rootstock is not necessary, and the erect rootstock can be omitted if the spatial distribution is more reasonable under the condition of no erect rootstock.

Except for the middle upright rootstock, the selection principle of other grafting rootstocks is that the rootstocks are as long as possible, extend outwards and cannot be crossed, so that the original tree form is utilized to quickly form a fruiting tree form.

Preferably, the adjacent grafting positions of the same rootstock in the step 3 are distributed on the upper positions of the two sides of the branch and are distributed in a left-right alternating mode.

Preferably, only one grafting position in a 20cm transverse space is controlled at the convergence position of the grafting stocks.

The abdominal bud grafting specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting a grafting opening reaching the xylem at the planned grafting position by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the grafting opening at an angle of 45 degrees downwards from the bottom of the incision by 0.5 cm;

(2) selecting a scion branch needing to be replanted, selecting plump buds on the branch, cutting a cut of 0.3cm downwards at a position 0.5cm away from the bottom end of the bud at an angle of 45 degrees, cutting the scion branch at a position 0.5cm away from the top end of the bud at an angle of 45 degrees downwards for 0.1-0.2cm deep, enabling a grafting knife edge to be parallel to scion strips, and downwards cutting grafting buds;

(3) embedding the cut grafting buds with the grafting openings, wherein at least one side of the grafting buds is aligned with the cambium;

(4) and (3) selecting a film with good ductility or a commodity grafting film for wrapping, wherein the grafting bud is pinched by one hand, the film is tensioned by the other hand, the film is crossed up and down, and the full position of the grafting bud is exposed by 0.2-0.3cm, so that a new bud can germinate.

Wherein, the later stage management comprises: immediately irrigating water once after grafting, and then removing stock buds sprouting on the tree body every week until the branches are mature; when the grafted bud germinates to 0.5cm long, the insecticide and the bactericide are used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

Further, the post-management further comprises: after grafting, fertilizer and water management should be enhanced to promote the sprouting and growth of the grafted bud, and after the grafting survives, a bamboo pole or a wood stick needs to be used for lightly holding the grafted bud to control the grown bud to swing around in a small range.

Specifically, water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated once about 2 weeks in the sprout growth period to promote sprout sprouting and growth.

Specifically, the grafted bud is lightly held and bound by a bamboo pole or a wooden stick when the grafted bud germinates to 20 cm.

Wherein, a bamboo pole is wiped on the vertical projection ground of the bud grafting position by a bamboo pole or a wooden stick, and the grown tender branches are lightly tied on the bamboo pole by a nylon bundling rope until the autumn branches are aged, and the tied bamboo pole can be removed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

aiming at the defects of the traditional top grafting and changing, the invention provides a feasible top grafting and changing rapid garden forming technology, which breaks through the traditional top grafting and changing thinking mode, makes full use of the middle and small branches of the original tree form, makes a proper grafting scheme and can realize high yield in the second year;

the invention specifically plans the grafting position, so that spatial branches of the tree body after grafting survival are uniformly distributed, the original tree shape is quickly formed, and the production is quickly carried out;

the method adopts a high-density bud grafting mode at the belly, solves the problems that the buds of the traditional saw cut large grafting are easy to rot, the wounds are easy to mildew, and the garden formation is slow after grafting, improves the grafting survival rate, and accelerates the garden production speed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a conventional grafting method;

FIG. 2 shows a conventional grafting method;

FIG. 3 shows the grafting method for fast garden formation.

Detailed Description

The traditional grafting is usually carried out at the top end of a trunk, the scions for grafting are few, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the defects exist, the shaping is needed, the key point is slow orchard establishment, and high yield can be achieved generally in 3 years.

Example 1

In this example, a 'spring-meeting' citrus is changed on a 'Nervilina' navel orange, and a 'Nervilina' navel orange tree growing for 10 years is selected and grafted at the beginning of 3 months in spring.

Selecting 6 lateral branches as grafting stocks according to the spatial distribution condition of the tree shape;

cutting off upper branches at the positions with the diameter smaller than 1cm at the top ends of the stocks, and then cutting off redundant branch groups which are not selected;

selecting a grafting stock, starting grafting from the top end to 5cm downwards, then sequentially downwards grafting at intervals of 15-20cm in a left-right alternating manner, and then sequentially grafting the rest stocks;

watering once immediately after grafting, wiping off all the germinated stock buds 7 days later, after the grafted buds germinate to 0.5cmn, preventing and treating aphids and red spiders by using 70% imidacloprid 6000-fold liquid and 40% abamectin 1500-fold liquid, spraying 25% pymetrozine 1000-fold liquid and 20% cyflumetofen 2000-fold liquid for 1 time after 2 weeks, and counting the survival rate to 98.3% after 30 days of grafting; when the grafted buds germinate to 20cm, the grafted buds are lightly held and bound by bamboo poles to prevent the buds from being blown off by wind; watering the water-soluble fertilizer once about 2 weeks in the sprout growth period to promote sprouting and growth of sprouts; during the period of slight hair-taking in summer in 6 months and the period of slight hair-taking in autumn in 8 months, attention is paid to insect pest control; and (5) after the autumn is slightly aged for 11 months, removing the binding facilities.

Through statistics in the second year of grafting, the average yield per mu reaches 1213.7kg, the technology reduces the modification cost of old orchards, reduces the shaping management of the traditional technology, and accelerates the modification and production speed of orchards.

Example 2

Changing 'Mingri' oranges on 'golden orange No. 100' navel oranges, selecting a 'golden orange No. 100' navel orange tree growing in 12 years, and grafting in the early 6 months in summer.

Selecting 7 lateral branches as grafting stocks according to the spatial distribution condition of the tree shape;

cutting off upper branches at the positions with the diameter smaller than 1cm at the top ends of the stocks, and then cutting off redundant branch groups which are not selected;

selecting a grafting stock, starting grafting from the top end to 5cm downwards, then sequentially downwards grafting at intervals of 15-20cm in a left-right alternating manner, and then sequentially grafting the rest stocks;

watering once immediately after grafting, wiping off all the germinated stock buds 7 days later, wiping off the buds once every 1 week after the grafted buds germinate to 0.5cmn, spraying 25% pymetrozine 1000-fold liquid and 10.5% avermectin 300-fold liquid for preventing and treating aphids and red spiders, spraying 35% chlorantraniliprole 4000-fold liquid and 24% spirodiclofen 6000-fold liquid for 1 time after 2 weeks, counting the survival rate to 97.1% after 4 weeks of grafting, slightly binding the grafted buds to 20cm by using a bamboo pole to prevent the new buds from being blown off, watering once water soluble fertilizer about 2 weeks during the growth period of the new buds to promote the new buds to sprout and grow, and paying attention to prevent and treat insect pests during the early sprouting period of 6 months in summer and the late sprouting period of 8 months in autumn; and (5) after the autumn is slightly aged for 11 months, removing the binding facilities.

The yield per mu in the second year of grafting reaches 1042.6kg, and the production speed is increased compared with 203.9kg in the second year of traditional grafting.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. Several alternatives or modifications to the described embodiments may be made without departing from the inventive concept and such alternatives or modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.