阅读说明：本技术 一种基于富里酸和/或胡敏酸改性的木质粗纤维及其制备方法和应用 (Wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 戚智勇 刘瑜 于 2020-11-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于富里酸和/或胡敏酸改性的木质粗纤维及其制备方法和应用,所述制备方法为将木材切片成木片屑,然后将木片屑与含富里酸和/或胡敏酸的溶液混合获得浆液,对浆液破碎处理即得木质粗纤维,本发明通过在木片屑爆破(破碎)处理成木纤维的爆破处理工序中进行添加含富里酸和/或胡敏酸的溶液,从而获得的含富里酸和/或胡敏酸的木质粗纤维。富里酸和胡敏酸具有化学衰减能力可以调节pH值,从而可以避免用作土壤改良材料时的酸性影响。还有,富里酸和胡敏酸的凝集效果可以长期的促进土壤团粒化,能提高土壤的渗透性。本发明所得富里酸和/或胡敏酸改性的木质粗纤维用于土壤改良材料时可以大幅改善土壤的性能,适合推广应用。(The invention discloses a wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid and a preparation method and application thereof. Fulvic acid and humic acid have chemical attenuation ability to adjust pH, thereby avoiding acidic influence when used as soil improvement materials. In addition, the aggregation effect of fulvic acid and humic acid can promote the soil agglomeration for a long time and improve the soil permeability. When the fulvic acid and/or humic acid modified wood crude fiber is used for a soil improvement material, the performance of soil can be greatly improved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.)

1. A preparation method of wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps: slicing wood into wood chip, mixing the wood chip with a solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid, and blasting the mixture to obtain the crude wood fiber.

2. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid is 1-3L/Kg of wood chips.

3. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the volume fraction of bark in the wood is less than or equal to 80 percent; the mass fraction of the moisture in the wood is more than or equal to 30 percent.

4. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the wood chip is less than or equal to 100 mm.

5. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wood chip chips are mixed with a solution containing fulvic acid and humic acid.

6. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid, by volume, water: fulvic acid and/or humic acid is greater than or equal to 100.

7. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and carrying out blasting treatment in a steam blasting reaction vessel, wherein the temperature during the blasting treatment is 180-250 ℃, the pressure is 1-2 MPa, and the time is 5-10 min.

8. The method for preparing wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid also contains microorganisms.

9. The wood raw fiber produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the crude wood fiber produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for a soil improvement material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil conditioner preparation.

Background

Conventionally, a wood crude fiber formed by blasting wood waste is reused as a soil improvement material. However, wood chips generate organic acid components such as acetic acid during blasting, and these organic acid components lower the pH of the wood crude fibers, and thus when the wood crude fibers are used as a soil improving material, the presence of microorganisms is difficult due to the influence of acidity, and the performance as a soil improving material is lowered.

Therefore, in the prior art, the pH value of the crude wood fiber needs to be neutralized, and then the pH value can be applied to soil improvement materials, for example, crude wood fiber is obtained by cooking, alkaline materials such as calcium carbonate are added in the cooking and crushing treatment process to neutralize organic acid components such as acetic acid and adjust the pH value, so as to provide a neutral environment for the proliferation of microorganisms.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of wood crude fiber modified by fulvic acid and/or humic acid;

the second purpose of the invention is to provide the wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid prepared by the preparation method;

the third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid prepared by the preparation method to the soil improvement material.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a preparation method of wood crude fiber based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid modification.

The wood used in the present invention may be industrial wood waste such as wood chips, sawdust, and the like, which are produced in the fields of intermediate cut wood, surplus wood in woodland, construction industry, wood/wood product manufacturing industry, furniture manufacturing industry, pulp manufacturing industry, wholesale industry of imported wood, and wood trade industry, or may be wood waste such as general waste, for example, pruning of other garden flowers and trees. Not limited to a particular species of tree, but such as beech, fir, willow, oak, cypress, red pine, and the like.

Preferably, the addition amount of the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid is 1-3L/Kg of wood chips.

In a preferred scheme, the volume fraction of bark in the wood is less than or equal to 80 percent.

The inventor found that the content of bark in wood needs to be controlled, and if the bark content exceeds 80% by volume or more, the bark may not be compressed during crushing treatment

In a preferable scheme, the mass fraction of the moisture in the wood is more than or equal to 30%.

The inventors have found that when the moisture content of some dried woods is less than 30%, steam explosion occurs during the crushing treatment. However, if the moisture content of the wood is less than 30% in the dry state, the wood may be crushed with water when it is introduced.

In a preferable scheme, the diameter of the wood chip is less than or equal to 100 mm.

Further preferably, the diameter of the wood chip is 2mm to 70 mm.

More preferably, the wood chip has a diameter of 5mm to 40 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the wood chip is mixed with a solution containing fulvic acid and humic acid.

The inventor finds that when the fulvic acid and the humic acid are used simultaneously, the obtained wood crude fiber has better effect when being applied to the soil improvement material.

In a preferred embodiment, in the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid, the ratio of water: fulvic acid and/or humic acid is greater than or equal to 100.

Further preferably, in the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid, the volume ratio of water: the content of fulvic acid and/or humic acid is 100-500.

Still further preferably, in the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid, by volume ratio, water: the content of fulvic acid and/or humic acid is 300-500.

In the present invention, the chips may be processed by crushing in a continuous crushing and puffing apparatus such as a twin screw extruder. The wood slices are thrown into the inlet of the crushing device, and are crushed by clamping and extruding between rotating screws, are compressed primarily and then are sent to a high-pressure compression part to be compressed fully, and are extruded and sprayed out through a template to be expanded into soft wood crude fibers instantly after decompression.

In addition, a steam explosion reaction device, such as a general batch pressure reaction kettle device, can also be adopted.

In the preferred scheme, the crushing treatment is carried out in a cooking type crushing device, the temperature during the crushing treatment is 180-250 ℃, the pressure is 1-2 MPa, and the time is 5-10 min.

After the blasting treatment, the obtained wood crude fiber is injected with a solution containing fulvic acid or humic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid further contains microorganisms.

In the present invention, the microorganisms in the fulvic acid and/or humic acid-containing solution are byproducts that are not separated during the extraction of fulvic acid and/or humic acid, and the presence of the microorganisms can further enhance the effect of the wood crude fiber obtained in the present invention on soil improvement when used as a soil improvement material.

Fulvic acid or and humic acid can be obtained in the present invention by the following means:

1. strong acidic pyroligneous acid and bamboo vinegar generated during the process of preparing charcoal from undecomposed organic substances such as trees, grass, vegetables, dead branches and fallen leaves are properly pickled and maintained for a long time to obtain the product. The product mainly contains fulvic acid, humic acid and microorganisms, and can be well combined with surface-treated wood fiber.

2. The product extracted from humus soil has certain microorganism content.

3. Extracted from the bottom cumulus soil of the water area.

In a preferable scheme, the mass fraction of water in the wood vinegar liquid or the bamboo vinegar liquid is less than or equal to 50%.

In the invention, the wood vinegar is obtained by naturally cooling and liquefying smoke emitted in the process of burning wood heads into charcoal, and the bamboo vinegar is a liquid substance obtained by collecting gas generated in the pyrolysis of bamboo in the process of burning the bamboo into the charcoal and cooling the gas at normal temperature.

In the present invention, the organic waste refers to undecomposed organic substances such as trees, bamboos, grasses, vegetable tails, dead branches and fallen leaves, and the like.

The invention relates to a wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid, which is prepared by the preparation method.

The invention relates to application of wood crude fiber modified based on fulvic acid and/or humic acid, and the wood crude fiber prepared by the preparation method is used for a soil improvement material.

In the present invention, the crude wood fiber may be used as it is for a soil improving material and added to soil, or the crude wood fiber containing fulvic acid or humic acid may be dried and then added with other various substances to obtain various kinds of soil improving materials.

In the application process, the inventor finds that the wood crude fiber prepared by the invention can be mixed into soil to change hard soil into soft soil, and can change the permeability of the soil with low water permeability in the soil to increase the water retention of the soil, and can promote the formation of granular structures of the soil to create a good environment for plants to grow easily.

Principles and advantages

The method comprises the step of adding a solution containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid in the blasting treatment process of blasting (crushing) wood chips into wood fibers, so as to obtain the wood crude fibers containing fulvic acid and/or humic acid. Fulvic acid and humic acid have chemical attenuation ability to adjust pH, thereby avoiding acidic influence when used as soil improvement materials. In addition, the aggregation effect of fulvic acid and humic acid can promote the soil agglomeration for a long time and improve the soil permeability. In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microorganisms retained in the extraction of fulvic acid and humic acid according to the present invention provide a large amount of microorganisms to the soil, corresponding to the use as a soil improvement material. Thus, the function of the wood crude fiber as a soil improving agent can be dramatically improved.

However, the inventor finds that the pH adjusting function, the permeability and the air permeability of the wood crude fiber can be improved only by adding the fulvic acid and/or the humic acid in the blasting and crushing process through the method of the invention, and the inventor finds that the surface of the wood crude fiber is greatly changed and a large number of fractures and concave-convex parts exist in the tearing gap through the microstructure detection of the wood fiber, thereby indicating that the fulvic acid and/or the humic acid have chemical reaction.

The preparation method is simple and controllable in process, and the obtained fulvic acid and/or humic acid modified wood crude fiber can greatly improve the performance of soil when used as a soil improvement material, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a macroscopic view of the crude wood fiber obtained in example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the crude wood fiber obtained in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the amount of the surface of the crude wood fiber is largely changed, a large number of cracks and projections and recesses exist in the tear-shaped slits, and the reaction trace of fulvic acid and humic acid can be clearly seen.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The wood panels were sliced into 5X70mm wood chips (wood chips). Diluting fulvic acid with 300 times of water to obtain a fulvic acid-containing solution, mixing 5Kg of wood slices with 10L of the fulvic acid-containing solution, putting the mixture into a double-shaft screw extruder, mixing and crushing the mixture to obtain fulvic acid-modified wood crude fiber, and drying the crushed wood crude fiber to be used as a soil improvement material.

Application Effect 1

In primary schools in Changsha county, the soil hardness was 25mm as measured with a soil hardness tester of the mountain type, and 300m, which was a barrier to the root elongation of plants²In the soil with a depth of 7cm in the field of sports, 20% of the soil improvement material of wood crude fiber of example 1 was mixed and then the ground was rolled flat. The soil hardness was improved to 14mm by this method. Meanwhile, in the same soil moisture content, the soil moisture content was two times 16% after the improvement compared with 8% before the improvement.

The field of the improved playground is planted with the Tifodun grass, and the vegetation rate reaches 100 percent after 1 month.

Application Effect 2

A water permeability test was conducted on the backfill soil of a soil yard in Liuyang city, and the water level lowering function of 60mm per 1 hour was improved by mixing 3% of the soil improvement material of example 1 into the backfill soil with 24mm low water level diatomaceous earth per 1 hour. That is, the water permeability of 30mm or more per 1 hour is sufficient, so that it is possible to use the plant as a planting base.

Application Effect 3

On the slope of the mountain in Ningxiang city, the soil improvement material of example 1 was filled in the vegetation mat in an amount of 10% in terms of capacity and the soil improvement material was not filled in the vegetation mat, and 10m2 was planted in each of the vegetation mats, and the growth of the vegetation was confirmed. As a result, the vegetation mat containing the soil improvement material of example 1 was able to germinate and grow after 2 weeks had elapsed. On the other hand, the plant germination and growth were confirmed after 1 month passed from the vegetation mat not containing the soil conditioner of example 1.

Example 2

The wood panels were sliced into 5X40mm wood chips (wood chips). Diluting fulvic acid and humic acid with 500 times of water to obtain a solution containing fulvic acid and humic acid, wherein in the solution containing fulvic acid and humic acid, the ratio of fulvic acid to humic acid is as follows by volume: humic acid ═ 1: 1.

and then mixing 5Kg of wood slices with 5L of solution containing fulvic acid and humic acid, and putting the mixture into a steam explosion device for explosion treatment to obtain the fulvic acid and/or humic acid modified wood crude fiber, wherein the temperature during the steam explosion treatment is 220 ℃, the pressure is 1.5MPa, and the time is 7.5 min. Drying the crushed crude wood fiber as a soil improvement material.

Application Effect 1

In primary schools in Changsha county, the soil hardness was 25mm as measured with a soil hardness tester of the mountain type, and 300m, which was a barrier to the root elongation of plants²In the soil with a depth of 7cm in the field of sports, 20% of the soil improvement material of wood crude fiber of example 2 was mixed and then the ground was rolled flat. The soil hardness is improved by this method to 16 mm. Meanwhile, in the same soil moisture content, the content of the soil moisture content was 20% after the improvement compared with 8% before the improvement.

The field of the improved playground is planted with the Tifodun grass, and the vegetation rate reaches 100 percent after 1 month.

Application Effect 2

A water permeability test was conducted on the backfill soil of a soil yard in Liuyang city, and the soil improvement material of example 1 was mixed into the 3% backfill soil with 24mm low water level diatomaceous earth per 1 hour, thereby improving the water level lowering function of 80mm per 1 hour.

Example 3

The wood panels were sliced into 5X20mm wood chips (wood chips). ). Diluting humic acid with 300 times of water to obtain solution containing humic acid, mixing 5Kg of wood slices with 15L of solution containing humic acid, and blasting in a steam blasting device to obtain fulvic acid and/or humic acid modified wood crude fiber, wherein the temperature during the blasting is 220 ℃, the pressure is 1.5MPa, and the time is 7.5 min.

Drying the crushed crude wood fiber as a soil improvement material.

Application Effect 1

In primary schools in Changsha county, the soil hardness was 25mm as measured with a soil hardness tester of the mountain type, and 300m, which was a barrier to the root elongation of plants²In the soil with a depth of 7cm in the field of sports, 20% of the soil improvement material of wood crude fiber of example 1 was mixed and then the ground was rolled flat. The soil hardness was improved to 13mm by this method. Meanwhile, in the same soil moisture content, the content of the soil moisture content was 15% after the improvement compared with 8% before the improvement.

The field of the improved playground is planted with the Tifodun grass, and the vegetation rate reaches 100 percent after 1 month.

Application Effect 2

A water permeability test was conducted on the backfill soil of a soil yard in Liuyang city, and the soil improvement material of example 1 was mixed into the 3% backfill soil with 24mm low water level diatomite every 1 hour, thereby improving the water level lowering function of 55mm every 1 hour.

Comparative example 1

The other conditions were the same as in example 2 except that no fulvic acid and humic acid were added during the crushing process, and a wood crude fiber was obtained.

Application Effect 1

Other operations were the same as in application effect 1 of example 2, except that the blast-treated wood raw fiber was mixed with fulvic acid and humic acid to obtain a modified wood raw fiber, wherein the ratio of the wood raw fiber to the fulvic acid and humic acid was the same as that in the slurry preparation of example 2.

In primary schools in Changsha county, the soil hardness was 25mm as measured with a soil hardness tester of the mountain type, and 300m, which was a barrier to the root elongation of plants²20% of the modified wood crude fiber of comparative example 1 was mixed in soil with a depth of 7cm in the field, and then the ground was leveled by rolling. The soil hardness is improved to 2mm by this method. Meanwhile, in the same soil moisture content, the content of the soil moisture content was 9% after the improvement compared with 8% before the improvement.

Application Effect 2

A water permeability test was conducted on the backfill soil of a soil yard in Liuyang city, and the soil improvement material of example 1 was mixed into the soil at 3% with 24mm low water level diatomaceous earth backfill soil every 1 hour to improve the water level lowering function by 25mm every 1 hour.

Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 wood crude fiber application effect comparison table

Soil improving material	Air permeability of soil	Nutrient absorption of plants	Microbial content
				Example 2	High strength	Good taste	Multiple purpose
Comparative example 1	In general	Difference (D)	In general