阅读说明：本技术 一种面向月面环境的高强度零部件3d打印方法和装置 (High-strength part 3D printing method and device for lunar environment ) 是由 朱海红 廖海龙 张宝鹏 杨旭 齐洋 王怡龙 于 2020-12-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种面向月面环境的高强度零部件3D打印方法和装置,属于太空增材制造领域。方法包括：熔化月面探测器废弃的着陆器中的金属以形成金属液滴；采用喷射金属液滴的方式对月壤颗粒进行液滴粘接；通过层层堆叠的方式3D打印成形高强度零部件；月壤颗粒的引入可以通过铺粉式或送粉式。借助基于液滴成形的3D打印方式,将金属液滴与月壤进行粘接,形成高强度的金属基复合材料,其兼具了金属材料的韧性和月壤陶瓷材料的高模量高耐磨性等性能,在月面环境下获得高强度的零部件用于月面设施的建造,且使用的原材料均来自月面原位资源,适用于资源紧缺的月面制造以及未来月球基地的大型构件或承重结构的3D打印制造。(The invention discloses a 3D printing method and device for high-strength parts facing a lunar surface environment, and belongs to the field of space additive manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: melting metal in the lander discarded by the lunar probe to form metal droplets; carrying out liquid drop bonding on lunar soil particles by adopting a mode of spraying metal liquid drops; 3D printing and forming the high-strength parts in a layer-by-layer stacking mode; the lunar soil particles can be introduced by a powder laying method or a powder feeding method. The method is characterized in that metal droplets and lunar soil are bonded by means of a 3D printing mode based on droplet forming to form a high-strength metal-matrix composite material, the composite material has the properties of toughness of metal materials, high modulus and high wear resistance of lunar soil ceramic materials and the like, high-strength parts are obtained in a lunar surface environment and are used for building lunar surface facilities, and used raw materials come from lunar surface in-situ resources, so that the composite material is suitable for lunar surface manufacturing in short supply of resources and 3D printing manufacturing of large members or bearing structures of future lunar bases.)

1. A3D printing method for high-strength parts facing a lunar surface environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:

melting metal in the lander discarded by the lunar probe to form metal droplets; presetting a layer of lunar soil particles; carrying out liquid drop bonding on the preset lunar soil particles by adopting a mode of spraying metal liquid drops; 3D printing and forming the high-strength part in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal in the waste lander is melted by electromagnetic induction heating.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal droplets are extruded by means of gas-filled pressurization.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal droplet diameter is no greater than 3 times the average particle size of the lunar soil particles.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the lunar soil particles range in diameter from no more than 2 mm.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proportion of metal droplets in the droplet bonding process is in the range of 15% to 85%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the lunar soil particles are pre-positioned by breading or breading.

8. A3D printing device for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a control component, a moving component, a liquid drop generator and a powder presetting device, wherein the liquid drop generator is fixed at the tail end of the moving component;

the control assembly is used for controlling the movement of the moving assembly and the powder presetting device to preset lunar soil particles according to the imported part slicing information;

a movement assembly for moving the drop generator during 3D printing;

the droplet generator includes: the lander comprises a container for containing metal in a abandoned lander of a lunar surface detector, a heating part positioned on the periphery of the container, a ventilation part connected with the interior of the container and a temperature sensor;

the bottom of the container is provided with a jet orifice for jetting metal liquid drops when the air pressure in the container is increased and carrying out liquid drop bonding with lunar soil particles;

the heating part is used for heating and melting metal in the container to form metal liquid;

the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the metal liquid in the container in real time;

the ventilation component is used for intermittently filling gas into the container to increase the gas pressure in the container;

the powder presetting device is used for presetting a layer of lunar soil particles on a plane to be molded.

9. The 3D printing device according to claim 8, wherein the vent member includes a solenoid valve and a vent, the solenoid valve controlling opening and closing of the vent.

10. The 3D printing device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the powder pre-setting device employs a powder laying or powder feeding method.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of space additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a 3D printing method and device for high-strength parts facing a lunar surface environment.

Background

In recent years, lunar exploration projects in China are continuously developed, and the construction of lunar bases and infrastructures is already scheduled. The method of ground transportation is adopted in the construction process of the lunar base, which will undoubtedly increase the cost, and for the future expansion of the lunar base, the method of ground transportation of raw materials is not economical and practical. The lunar resources are rich, including a large amount of mineral resources, lunar soil, volatile materials in polar regions, water ice resources in meteorite pits in polar regions and the like, and particularly, ilmenite almost extends all the month. If the lunar in-situ resources are developed to a certain degree, the materials carried by the earth can be greatly reduced, and the development of interstellar exploration can be greatly promoted. In addition, in the construction of lunar bases, the requirements of local areas on mechanical properties are high, such as bearing supports of solar cell arrays, bearing bases of communication facilities and the like.

At present, lunar surface base construction by adopting lunar surface in-situ resources, such as lunar soil brick sintering, laser selection and melting forming lunar soil test pieces and the like, has been proposed by various research institutions. These methods make full use of lunar resources.

Patent CN110256039A discloses lunar soil concrete and a preparation method thereof, wherein the lunar soil concrete is prepared by adopting a special component proportion, and a large lunar surface facility is prepared by extrusion molding in a 3D printing mode, and the disadvantages are that: the strength of the prepared lunar soil concrete structure is only dozens of megapascals generally, and the prepared lunar soil concrete structure is not enough to be used as a structural member of a bearing base for solar energy, communication and the like. In addition, the preparation of the lunar soil concrete in the patent needs to use a key raw material, namely water resource, and the lunar soil concrete is difficult to operate and implement on the lunar surface.

Patent CN111185992A discloses a 3D printing apparatus for lunar soil resources in a moon pool, which utilizes fresnel lens focusing sunlight as energy to perform high temperature sintering on lunar soil particles collected by a lunar soil mining device, and forms 3D printing parts. The set of equipment makes full use of lunar surface in-situ resources to perform 3D printing and forming, but has the following defects: the raw material is a single lunar soil phase and has high brittleness. And the processing under the focused solar light beam has extremely high cooling speed, can obviously increase the crack sensitivity of lunar soil phases, influences the normal use of 3D printing parts, and is not suitable for bearing bases in lunar surface facilities.

Patent CN110039771A discloses an in-situ resource 3D printing device facing the surface of the moon, which utilizes a special adhesive carried on the ground to perform inkjet 3D printing forming on the screened lunar soil. The specific adhesive type of composition described in this patent is not given and the adhesive still needs to be carried on the ground and is not completely made in situ on the lunar surface.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a 3D printing method and a device for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment, aiming at overcoming the defects that the existing lunar in-situ manufacturing method is difficult to manufacture the lunar high-strength parts or can not fully utilize the shortage of lunar resources and the improvement requirement, and aiming at bonding metal liquid drops and lunar soil by a 3D printing mode based on liquid drop forming to form a high-strength metal-based composite material which has the toughness of metal materials and the high-modulus and high-wear resistance of lunar soil ceramic materials, obtaining the high-strength parts under the lunar environment for the construction of lunar facilities, and using raw materials from lunar in-situ resources, so that the method and the device are suitable for the lunar manufacturing with the shortage of resources and the 3D printing manufacturing of large components or bearing structures of future lunar bases.

To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printing method for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment, the method including:

melting metal in the lander discarded by the lunar probe to form metal droplets; presetting a layer of lunar soil particles; carrying out liquid drop bonding on the preset lunar soil particles by adopting a mode of spraying metal liquid drops; 3D printing and forming the high-strength part in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

The abandoned lander of the lunar surface detector has the beneficial effects that: all materials of the invention are lunar surface in-situ resources, and raw materials required by 3D printing do not need to be carried on the ground; the invention adopts metal as the adhesive, can obtain the lunar soil/metal composite material with high strength, and can simultaneously ensure the strength and the plasticity of the formed parts.

Preferably, the metal in the waste lander is melted by electromagnetic induction heating.

Has the advantages that: the invention adopts induction heating to heat and melt raw material metal, belongs to a melting method of a melting furnace, and has the advantages of convenient heating, good effect, high energy utilization rate, simple equipment and lower requirement on the shape and the size of the metal raw material.

Preferably, the metal droplets are extruded by means of gas-filled pressurization.

Has the advantages that: the invention adopts the mode of inflation and pressurization to extrude the metal droplets, fully utilizes the characteristics of lunar high vacuum environment, can realize the dripping of the metal droplets only by filling smaller air pressure, not only solves the problem that the droplets can not fall under the lunar low gravity environment, but also has simple control on the formability, can obtain uniform and stable droplet flow so as to better control the forming quality of the composite material.

Preferably, the diameter of the metal droplets is not more than 3 times the average particle size of the lunar soil particles.

Has the advantages that: the metal droplets and the lunar soil particles meeting the limiting conditions are combined more fully under the action of capillary force in the droplet bonding process, so that the hole defects in the formed part are reduced.

Preferably, the lunar soil particles have a diameter range of no more than 2 mm.

Has the advantages that: according to the composite material strengthening theory, the lunar soil particles meeting the limited conditions have higher strength of the finally formed parts.

Preferably, the proportion of the metal liquid drops in the liquid drop bonding process is 15-85%.

Has the advantages that: the metal liquid drop proportion meeting the limiting condition can fully mix and bond lunar soil particles by not less than 15 percent of liquid drop proportion to ensure the bonding strength, and can keep the reinforcing effect of the lunar soil particles by not more than 85 percent of liquid drop proportion to achieve the forming of high-strength parts.

Preferably, the lunar soil particles are preset by a powder laying type or a powder feeding type.

To achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printing apparatus for high-intensity parts facing a lunar environment, the apparatus including: the device comprises a control component, a moving component, a liquid drop generator and a powder presetting device, wherein the liquid drop generator is fixed at the tail end of the moving component;

the control assembly is used for controlling the movement of the moving assembly and the powder presetting device to preset lunar soil particles according to the imported part slicing information;

a movement assembly for moving the drop generator during 3D printing;

the droplet generator includes: the lander comprises a container for containing metal in a abandoned lander of a lunar surface detector, a heating part positioned on the periphery of the container, a ventilation part connected with the interior of the container and a temperature sensor;

the bottom of the container is provided with a jet orifice for jetting metal liquid drops when the air pressure in the container is increased and carrying out liquid drop bonding with lunar soil particles;

the heating part is used for heating and melting metal in the container to form metal liquid;

the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the metal liquid in the container in real time;

the ventilation component is used for intermittently filling gas into the container to increase the gas pressure in the container;

the powder presetting device is used for presetting a layer of lunar soil particles on a plane to be molded.

The lunar probe abandoned lander preferably, the vent part comprises a solenoid valve and a vent hole, and the solenoid valve is used for controlling the opening and the closing of the vent hole.

Has the advantages that: the invention can accurately obtain different drop falling frequencies through the control of the electromagnetic valve and can be suitable for different process conditions.

Preferably, the powder presetting device adopts a powder paving or powder feeding mode.

Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:

the invention fully utilizes the in-situ resources on the surface of the moon as printing raw materials to form high-strength parts, and is particularly suitable for the production and manufacture of bearing structures such as solar energy supports, communicator supports and the like in lunar surface infrastructure; the invention adopts metal as the adhesive, and compared with single lunar soil sintering, the metal adhesive improves the strength and plasticity of the printing parts.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a 3D printing method for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing device for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a droplet generator provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a 3D printing method for high-strength parts facing a lunar environment, the method including:

melting metal in the lander discarded by the lunar probe to form metal droplets; carrying out liquid drop bonding on the layer of lunar soil particles by adopting a mode of spraying metal liquid drops; 3D printing and forming the high-strength part in a layer-by-layer stacking mode. The lunar soil particles can be introduced by a powder laying method or a powder feeding method.

The raw materials used by the invention are all from lunar in-situ resources, including lunar soil and lunar probe abandoned landers. The metal material in the existing lander in the spacecraft is mainly aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

Preferably, the metal in the waste lander is melted by electromagnetic induction heating.

Preferably, the metal droplets are extruded by means of gas-filled pressurization.

Preferably, the diameter of the metal droplets is not more than 3 times the average particle size of the lunar soil particles.

Preferably, the lunar soil particles have a diameter range of no more than 2 mm.

Preferably, the proportion of the metal liquid drops in the liquid drop bonding process is 15-85%.

Preferably, the lunar soil particles are preset in a powder laying mode or a powder feeding mode.

The invention also provides a high-strength part 3D printing device facing the lunar environment, which comprises: the device comprises a control component, a moving component 1, a liquid drop generator 2 fixed at the tail end of the moving component and a powder presetting device;

and the control assembly is used for controlling the movement of the moving assembly and the powder presetting device to preset lunar soil particles 9 according to the imported part slicing information.

A movement assembly for moving the drop generator during 3D printing.

The moving assembly 1 in this embodiment is a multi-axis linkage robot. And (3) jetting the metal liquid drops, and moving the multi-axis linkage robot to a specified position based on the slice pattern of the part to be printed. Therefore, the final high-strength lunar soil/metal part is obtained in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

The droplet generator 2 includes: the container 3 for containing metal in the lander for the abandoned lunar surface probe, a heating component 8 positioned on the periphery of the container, a ventilation component 4 connected with the interior of the container and a temperature sensor 7.

And the bottom of the container is provided with a jet orifice for jetting metal liquid drops 6 when the air pressure in the container is increased so as to be bonded with lunar soil particles.

The jet orifice at the bottom is filled with metal liquid 5, and when gas is introduced from the vent hole and the inside of the cavity is pressurized, the metal liquid is extruded from the jet orifice below under the extrusion.

The heating part is used for heating and melting metal in the container to form metal liquid.

The heating member 8 is an induction heating coil in this embodiment, and heats the metal by an electromagnetic effect.

The temperature sensor 7 is used for monitoring the temperature of the metal liquid in the container in real time.

The ventilation component is used for intermittently filling gas into the container to increase the gas pressure in the container.

Because the moon surface is in a high vacuum environment, molten metal liquid can be discharged out of the container 3 to form metal liquid drops 6 only by injecting a small amount of gas into the vent holes and increasing the internal pressure of the container. And the continuous metal droplets are used for bonding and forming the preset lunar soil particles.

Preferably, the vent member includes a solenoid valve and a vent hole, and the solenoid valve is used for controlling the opening and the closing of the vent hole.

The air inflow of the vent hole can be controlled by the electromagnetic valve, and the metal liquid drops can be sprayed at a certain frequency by intermittently switching on and off the electromagnetic valve.

The powder presetting device is used for presetting lunar soil particles on a plane to be molded.

Preferably, the powder presetting device adopts a powder spreading type or a powder feeding type.

Preferably, the container also comprises a stirring component, so that the metal in the whole container is more fully melted.

Example one

S1: when the graph of the 3D printing part is prepared, slicing the three-dimensional graph in the thickness of 60 mu m to obtain a slice file in stl format, and importing the slice file into a 3D printing equipment control system to provide a basis for the movement of the robot;

s2: a disassembling robot or astronaut disassembles the metal material in the abandoned lunar surface detector lander, and puts the disassembled metal aluminum alloy into the container of the droplet generator 2 shown in fig. 2;

s3: heating and melting the metal material in the container by an induction heater in the droplet generator, and waiting for the temperature sensor to detect that the temperature of the metal liquid in the container reaches 700 ℃;

s4: a powder laying type powder presetting device is adopted to lay lunar soil particles with the thickness of 60 mu m on a plane to be molded in advance.

S5: the opening and closing of the vent hole as shown in fig. 3 are controlled by the electromagnetic valve, the air pressure in the container 3 is indirectly controlled, and uniform and stable metal liquid drops 6 are obtained, so that the metal liquid drops are sprayed at the frequency of 10 Hz.

S6: and (3) the robot synchronously moves according to the slice information of the part to be printed while the sprayed liquid drops are bonded to the lunar soil powder. After the formation of the layer, the drop generator at the end of the robot was moved upwards by 60 μm, i.e. one layer thickness, and the powder was spread. Sequentially completing the following steps: powder spreading, liquid drop adhesion and upward movement of a liquid drop generator by 60 mu m. Finally obtaining the lunar soil/metal composite material parts with high strength.

Example two

S1: when the graph of the 3D printing part is prepared, slicing the three-dimensional graph in the thickness of 60 mu m to obtain a slice file in stl format, and importing the slice file into a 3D printing equipment control system to provide a basis for the movement of the robot;

s2: a disassembling robot or an astronaut disassembles the metal material in the abandoned lunar surface detector lander, and puts the disassembled metal titanium alloy into a container of the droplet generator 2 shown in FIG. 2;

s3: heating and melting the metal material in the container by an induction heater in the droplet generator, and waiting for a temperature sensor to detect that the temperature of the metal liquid in the container reaches 1700 ℃;

s4: a powder laying type powder presetting device is adopted to lay lunar soil particles with the thickness of 60 mu m on a plane to be molded in advance.

S5: the opening and closing of the vent hole as shown in fig. 3 are controlled by the electromagnetic valve, the air pressure in the container 3 is indirectly controlled, and uniform and stable metal liquid drops 6 are obtained, so that the metal liquid drops are sprayed at the frequency of 10 Hz.

S6: and (3) the robot synchronously moves according to the slice information of the part to be printed while the sprayed liquid drops are bonded to the lunar soil powder. After the formation of the layer, the drop generator at the end of the robot was moved upwards by 60 μm, i.e. one layer thickness, and the powder was spread. Sequentially completing the following steps: powder spreading, liquid drop adhesion and upward movement of a liquid drop generator by 60 mu m. Finally obtaining the lunar soil/metal composite material parts with high strength.

Example three

S1: when the graph of the 3D printing part is prepared, slicing the three-dimensional graph in the thickness of 60 mu m to obtain a slice file in stl format, and importing the slice file into a 3D printing equipment control system to provide a basis for the movement of the robot;

s2: a disassembling robot or astronaut disassembles the metal material in the abandoned lunar surface detector lander, and puts the disassembled metal aluminum alloy into the container of the droplet generator 2 shown in fig. 2;

s3: heating and melting the metal material in the container by an induction heater in the droplet generator, and waiting for the temperature sensor to detect that the temperature of the metal liquid in the container reaches 700 ℃;

s4: by adopting a paraxial powder feeding mode

S5: the opening and closing of the vent hole as shown in fig. 3 are controlled by the electromagnetic valve, the air pressure in the container 3 is indirectly controlled, and uniform and stable metal liquid drops 6 are obtained, so that the metal liquid drops are sprayed at the frequency of 10 Hz. And spraying lunar soil particles in a paraxial powder feeding mode while spraying.

S6: and (3) the robot synchronously moves according to the slice information of the part to be printed while the sprayed liquid drops are bonded to the lunar soil powder. After the formation of the layer, the drop generator at the end of the robot was moved upwards by 60 μm, i.e. one layer thickness, and the powder was spread. Sequentially completing the following steps: powder spreading, liquid drop adhesion and upward movement of a liquid drop generator by 60 mu m. Finally obtaining the lunar soil/metal composite material parts with high strength.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.