阅读说明：本技术 网状纤维增强特种工程塑料增材制造方法及装置 (Additive manufacturing method and device for special engineering plastic reinforced by reticular fibers ) 是由 吴文征 李子涵 曲涵 张伟 赵继 于 2020-12-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种网状纤维增强特种工程塑料增材制造方法及装置,属于增材制造领域。龙门式三轴滑台组件安装在铝型材框架上,打印喷头组件安装在龙门式三轴滑台组件的Z向滑块上,打印基板组件固定在铝型材框架上,手动位移台组件固定连接在铝型材框架的底部,维料台组件与手动位移台组件的悬臂梁连接、且位于打印喷头组件和打印基板组件之间。本发明优点是以纤维网络与高性能特种工程塑料作为原材料,借助打印装置完成构件成型,实现力学测试试件的增材制造,打印方便、可靠、快速,缩短研究周期,对于研发新的增材制造材料有很重要的作用。(The invention relates to a net-shaped fiber reinforced special engineering plastic additive manufacturing method and device, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. Gantry type triaxial slip table subassembly is installed on aluminium alloy frame, prints the shower nozzle subassembly and installs on gantry type triaxial slip table subassembly's Z is to the slider, prints the base plate subassembly and fixes on aluminium alloy frame, and manual displacement platform subassembly fixed connection is in aluminium alloy frame's bottom, and the cantilever beam of maintaining material platform subassembly and manual displacement platform subassembly is connected, just is located and prints between shower nozzle subassembly and the printing base plate subassembly. The invention has the advantages that the fiber network and the high-performance special engineering plastic are used as raw materials, the member forming is completed by means of the printing device, the additive manufacturing of the mechanical test piece is realized, the printing is convenient, reliable and quick, the research period is shortened, and the invention has an important function for researching and developing new additive manufacturing materials.)

1. The additive manufacturing method of the reticular fiber reinforced special engineering plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) before printing, preparing a fiber material table, fixing fibers on the fiber material table according to requirements, wherein the fibers are in a grid shape and are screwed and fixed in fiber holes of the fiber material table by locking screws;

(2) leveling the printing substrate, and keeping the temperature of the hot bed at a specified temperature for a period of time to prepare for printing;

(3) carrying out three-dimensional modeling according to a test piece to be printed, establishing a three-dimensional model of the test piece according to a standard, layering the three-dimensional model by using slicing software, converting the layered model into a file in an STL format, and selecting appropriate printing parameters including filling rate, printing thickness, printing angle, printing speed and printing direction according to experimental requirements to obtain a printing code;

(4) heating the printing nozzle to the processing temperature required by the selected special engineering plastic, starting to feed the filaments, and stopping feeding the filaments when the continuous and stable filaments are output by the nozzle;

(5) printing is started, a fiber material table is not required to be installed when the first layer is printed, pure special engineering plastics are directly printed on the printing substrate at the moment, and after the first layer set by the slicing software is printed, the nozzle is pushed to the initial position;

(6) the prepared fiber material platform is arranged on the annular guide rail, the fiber material platform is rotated to a required angle, the fiber material platform and the annular guide rail are connected through magnetic force, so that the fiber material platform is convenient to assemble, after the fiber material platform is arranged, the manual displacement platform is controlled, the cantilever beam is lifted by a height of printing thickness h, and the cantilever beam drives the fiber material platform assembly to also lift by a height of printing thickness h;

(7) printing a second layer of resin material, wherein the temperature of the second layer of resin is high enough to partially melt the first layer of resin where it contacts, and the fibers between the two layers are firmly fixed in the printed matter;

(8) after the second layer is printed, the nozzle returns to the initial position, the fibers are required to be completely cut at the moment, the fibers are separated from a printed part, the fibers can be cut by manually using a blade, the fiber material table is replaced after the fibers are cut, the above steps are repeated, the printing process of the third layer is realized, and thus, the printing of the parts is realized layer by layer;

(9) and after printing, taking down the printed part, cutting off fibers outside the longer part, and then removing the residual fibers by using tools such as sand paper or knife grinder, so as to obtain the special engineering plastic printed part with the interior reinforced by latticed fibers.

2. The additive manufacturing method for special engineering plastic with reinforced mesh fibers of claim 1, wherein the special engineering plastic comprises Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether maple (PES) or Teflon (PTFE).

3. An apparatus for the additive manufacturing method of the reticular fiber reinforced special engineering plastic as claimed in claim 1: the method is characterized in that: including planer-type triaxial slip table device, print the shower nozzle, fibre material platform subassembly, aluminum profile frames frame, print substrate assembly, manual displacement platform subassembly, wherein planer-type triaxial slip table unit mount is on aluminum profile frames frame, print the shower nozzle unit mount on the Z of planer-type triaxial slip table subassembly is to the slider, print substrate assembly and fix on aluminum profile frames frame, manual displacement platform subassembly fixed connection is in aluminum profile frames frame's bottom, it is connected with the cantilever beam of manual displacement platform subassembly to maintain material platform subassembly, and be located between print shower nozzle subassembly and the print substrate subassembly.

4. The reticulated fiber reinforced special engineering plastic additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3: the method is characterized in that: the gantry type three-axis sliding table device is structurally characterized in that: x axle subassembly fixed connection is at aluminum profile frame's top, and Y axle subassembly and X axle subassembly sliding connection, Z axle subassembly and Y axle subassembly sliding connection, Z to slider and Z axle subassembly sliding connection.

5. The reticulated fiber reinforced special engineering plastic additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3: the method is characterized in that: the manual displacement table assembly is structurally characterized in that: manual formula displacement platform bottom and aluminium alloy frame bottom fixed connection, the cantilever beam passes through four screws and manual formula displacement bench top threaded connection, and the cantilever beam front end has the round hole.

6. The reticulated fiber reinforced special engineering plastic additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3: the method is characterized in that: the structure of the fiber material platform component is as follows: two self-locking magnetic force sliders are respectively and fixedly connected to the same diameter of the annular guide rail, four grooves are formed in the upper portion of each self-locking magnetic force slider, a group of 4 spherical protrusions are respectively arranged on the same diameter of the bottom of the fiber material table and are connected with the 4 grooves in the self-locking magnetic force sliders through magnetic force, and fibers are inserted into fiber pores of the fiber material table and are fixedly connected with the fiber material table through locking screws.

7. The reticulated fiber reinforced special engineering plastic additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3: the method is characterized in that: the structure of the printing substrate assembly is as follows: the printing substrate and the hot bed are connected to the upper portion of the support through screws, and the lower portion of the support is connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile frame through screws.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for additive manufacturing of fiber-reinforced special engineering plastic.

Background

In the field of 3D printing, high-performance special engineering plastics gradually become mainstream materials due to development requirements and needs, and the high-performance special engineering plastics refer to a structural polymer material with comprehensive properties superior to those of other plastic materials, and have a unique molecular structure, so that the high-performance special engineering plastics have the characteristics of high strength, light weight, good heat resistance and the like. At present, the application scenes of the high-performance special engineering plastics are very wide, from the field of aerospace to the field of automobile manufacturing, and the high-performance special engineering plastics are deep into various fields of our lives. Some properties of the high-performance special engineering plastic are comparable to those of metal materials, but the high-performance special engineering plastic is lighter and has certain advantages.

For 3D printing parts, in order to enhance the mechanical property of the parts, the main means are printing process parameter optimization, part structure optimization and three-dimensional printing material research and development. The three-dimensional printing material can fundamentally improve the performance of a printed product, but compared with other two modes, the method is the method with the highest cost and the highest difficulty, and has more research significance. In addition to the discovery of new materials, the properties of the matrix material can be improved by adding fillers, which can be various materials, such as: resin, wood chips, metal powder, carbon fiber, glass fiber, carbon nanotube fiber, and the like. It is more common to use fiber reinforcement to improve the properties of the matrix, and fiber reinforcement techniques are classified into synchronous and asynchronous types according to their molding methods.

In the prior art, short fibers are commonly used for reinforcement, but the phenomenon of discontinuous bonding of fibers and resin can be caused, so that the fiber reinforcement effect and effect are greatly reduced, and in addition, when a resin material after fiber reinforcement is printed, a spray head is easy to block, so that the printing success rate is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a material additive manufacturing method and device for special reticular fiber reinforced engineering plastics, which can realize latticed fiber reinforcement, compared with monofilament reinforcement, a fiber network can reinforce a matrix material in all directions, and the fiber reinforcement effect is more effectively realized.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a material additive manufacturing method of reticular fiber reinforced special engineering plastics comprises the following steps:

(1) before printing, preparing a fiber material table, fixing fibers on the fiber material table according to requirements, wherein the fibers are in a grid shape and are screwed and fixed in fiber holes of the fiber material table by locking screws;

(2) leveling the printing substrate, and keeping the temperature of the hot bed at a specified temperature for a period of time to prepare for printing;

(3) carrying out three-dimensional modeling according to a test piece to be printed, establishing a three-dimensional model of the test piece according to a standard, layering the three-dimensional model by using slicing software, converting the layered model into a file in an STL format, and selecting appropriate printing parameters including filling rate, printing thickness, printing angle, printing speed and printing direction according to experimental requirements to obtain a printing code;

(4) heating the printing nozzle to the processing temperature required by the selected special engineering plastic, starting to feed the filaments, and stopping feeding the filaments when the continuous and stable filaments are output by the nozzle;

(5) printing is started, a fiber material table is not required to be installed when the first layer is printed, pure special engineering plastics are directly printed on the printing substrate at the moment, and after the first layer set by the slicing software is printed, the nozzle is pushed to the initial position;

(6) the prepared fiber material platform is arranged on the annular guide rail, the fiber material platform is rotated to a required angle, the fiber material platform and the annular guide rail are connected by virtue of magnetic force, so that the fiber material platform is convenient to assemble, after the fiber material platform is arranged, the manual displacement platform 204 is controlled, the cantilever beam 202 is lifted by a height of printing thickness h, and the cantilever beam drives the fiber material platform component 3 to also lift by a height of printing thickness h;

(7) printing a second layer of resin material, wherein the temperature of the second layer of resin is high enough to partially melt the first layer of resin where it contacts, and the fibers between the two layers are firmly fixed in the printed matter;

(8) after the second layer is printed, the nozzle returns to the initial position, the fibers are required to be completely cut at the moment, the fibers are separated from a printed part, the fibers can be cut by manually using a blade, the fiber material table is replaced after the fibers are cut, the above steps are repeated, the printing process of the third layer is realized, and thus, the printing of the parts is realized layer by layer;

(9) and after printing, taking down the printed part, cutting off fibers outside the longer part, and then removing the residual fibers by using tools such as sand paper or knife grinder, so as to obtain the special engineering plastic printed part with the interior reinforced by latticed fibers.

The special engineering plastic comprises polyether ether ketone PEEK, polyphenylene sulfide PPS, polyether maple PES or Teflon PTFE.

A material increase manufacturing device for special engineering plastic reinforced by reticular fibers comprises: including planer-type triaxial slip table device, print the shower nozzle, fibre material platform subassembly, aluminum profile frames frame, print substrate assembly, manual displacement platform subassembly, wherein planer-type triaxial slip table unit mount is on aluminum profile frames frame, print the shower nozzle unit mount on the Z of planer-type triaxial slip table subassembly is to the slider, print substrate assembly and fix on aluminum profile frames frame, manual displacement platform subassembly fixed connection is in aluminum profile frames frame's bottom, it is connected with the cantilever beam of manual displacement platform subassembly to maintain material platform subassembly, and be located between print shower nozzle subassembly and the print substrate subassembly.

The gantry type three-axis sliding table device provided by the invention has the following structure: x axle subassembly fixed connection is at aluminum profile frame's top, and Y axle subassembly and X axle subassembly sliding connection, Z axle subassembly and Y axle subassembly sliding connection, Z to slider and Z axle subassembly sliding connection.

The structure of the manual displacement table assembly is as follows: manual formula displacement platform bottom and aluminium alloy frame bottom fixed connection, the cantilever beam passes through four screws and manual formula displacement bench top threaded connection, and the cantilever beam front end has the round hole.

The structure of the fiber material platform component is as follows: two self-locking magnetic force sliders are respectively and fixedly connected to the same diameter of the annular guide rail, four grooves are formed in the upper portion of each self-locking magnetic force slider, a group of 4 spherical protrusions are respectively arranged on the same diameter of the bottom of the fiber material table and are connected with the 4 grooves in the self-locking magnetic force sliders through magnetic force, and fibers are inserted into fiber pores of the fiber material table and are fixedly connected with the fiber material table through locking screws.

The structure of the printing substrate assembly of the invention is as follows: the printing substrate and the hot bed are connected to the upper portion of the support through screws, and the lower portion of the support is connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile frame through screws.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the fiber is woven into a grid shape, the member forming is completed by means of the printing device, the printing is very convenient for a test piece with a small size, the fiber is directly embedded into the resin in a mode of melting and wrapping the fiber by the resin, the defects that the fiber is broken in the resin or the contact surfaces of the fiber and the resin are not uniform are avoided, and the fiber-reinforced special engineering plastic part is very beneficial.

According to the invention, the combination of the resin and the fiber does not need to be subjected to specific treatment, the fiber only needs to have certain plasticity and can be arranged on a fiber material table to be used for reinforcing the special engineering plastic, and the resin only needs to be used for 3D printing based on FDM principle to be reinforced by the fiber, so that a reinforcing piece of any resin and any fiber can be obtained, and how to reinforce the two reinforcing effects can be verified through subsequent experiments.

The precision of the transmission part of the invention is very high, for a three-axis sliding table, the control motor adopts a servo motor, the two X axes realize the same motion through a lead screw and a commutator, the repeated positioning precision can reach 0.02mm, the control of a manual displacement table adopted by a fiber material table is more micron-sized precision, the transmission mechanism is simpler, and for millimeter-sized printing precision, the transmission precision of the whole device is very high.

The invention has smaller size, realizes the quick replacement of the fiber material table, is convenient for learning, has simple operation, and can realize the material increase manufacturing with low cost and high precision.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gantry type three-axis sliding table apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the manual displacement table assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fiber table assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the fiber table and the endless track of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the printing substrate assembly of the present invention.

Detailed Description

A material increase manufacturing device for special engineering plastic reinforced by reticular fibers comprises:

referring to fig. 1, including planer-type triaxial slip table device 1, print shower nozzle 6, fibre material platform subassembly 3, aluminum section bar frame 5, print substrate subassembly 4, manual displacement platform subassembly 2, wherein planer-type triaxial slip table subassembly 1 is installed on aluminum section bar frame 5, print shower nozzle subassembly 6 and install on planer-type triaxial slip table subassembly 1's Z is to slider 104, print substrate subassembly 4 and fix on aluminum section bar frame 4, manual displacement platform subassembly 2 fixed connection is in aluminum section bar frame 4's bottom, it is connected with manual displacement platform subassembly 6's cantilever beam to maintain material platform subassembly 3, and be located and print shower nozzle subassembly 2 and print between the substrate subassembly 4.

Referring to fig. 2, the gantry type three-axis sliding table device 1 has the following structure: the X-axis assembly 101 is fixedly connected to the top of the aluminum profile frame 5, the Y-axis assembly 102 is connected with the X-axis assembly 101 in a sliding mode, the Z-axis assembly 103 is connected with the Y-axis assembly 102 in a sliding mode, and the Z-direction sliding block 104 is connected with the Z-axis assembly 103 in a sliding mode.

Referring to fig. 3, the manual displacement table assembly 2 has the following structure: manual formula displacement table 204 bottom and aluminium alloy frame 5 bottom fixed connection, cantilever beam 202 through four screws 201 with manual formula displacement table 204 top threaded connection, there is round hole 203 cantilever beam 202 front end.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the structure of the fiber material table component 3 is as follows: the two self-locking magnetic sliders 305 are fixedly connected to the same diameter of the annular guide rail 304 respectively, four grooves 306 are formed in the upper portion of each self-locking magnetic slider 305, a group of 4 spherical protrusions 307 are formed in the same diameter of the bottom of the fiber material table 301 and are connected with the four grooves 306 of the self-locking magnetic sliders 305 through magnetic force, and fibers 303 are inserted into fiber holes of the fiber material table and are fixedly connected with the fiber material table 301 through locking screws 302.

Referring to fig. 6, the structure of the printing substrate assembly 4 is: the printing substrate 401 and the hot bed 402 are connected to the upper part of the bracket 403 by screws, and the lower part of the bracket 403 is connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile frame 5 by screws.

The mode of a lead screw and a commutator is adopted for the X axis, the two X axes move simultaneously, the repeated positioning precision can reach 0.02mm, the Y axis and the Z axis move by adopting linear guide rails, the load bearing capacity of the Z axis can reach 10kg, the bearing accuracy and reliability can be ensured, and the spray head system adopts a high-temperature spray head and can be used for printing more extensive high-performance special engineering plastics. The nozzle diameter was taken to be 0.4 mm.

A material additive manufacturing method of reticular fiber reinforced special engineering plastics comprises the following steps:

(1) before printing, preparing a fiber material table 301, fixing fibers on the fiber material table as required, wherein the fibers are in a grid shape and are screwed and fixed in fiber holes of the fiber material table by locking screws 302;

(2) leveling the printing substrate 401, designating the temperature of the hot bed 402, and preserving the heat for a period of time to prepare for printing;

(3) carrying out three-dimensional modeling according to a test piece to be printed, establishing a three-dimensional model of the test piece according to a standard, layering the three-dimensional model by using slicing software, converting the layered model into a file in an STL format, and selecting appropriate printing parameters including filling rate, printing thickness, printing angle, printing speed and printing direction according to experimental requirements to obtain a printing code;

(4) heating the printing nozzle 6 to the processing temperature required by the selected special engineering plastic, namely polyether sulfone (PES), starting to feed the filaments, and stopping feeding the filaments when the continuous and stable filaments are output by the nozzle;

(5) printing is started, a fiber material table is not required to be installed when the first layer is printed, pure special engineering plastics are directly printed on the printing substrate at the moment, and after the first layer set by the slicing software is printed, the nozzle is pushed to the initial position;

(6) the prepared fiber material platform is arranged on the annular guide rail 304, the fiber material platform is rotated to a required angle, the fiber material platform and the annular guide rail are connected by magnetic force, so that the fiber material platform is convenient to assemble, after the fiber material platform is arranged, the manual displacement platform 204 is controlled, the cantilever beam 202 is lifted by a height of printing thickness h, and the cantilever beam drives the fiber material platform component 3 to also lift by a height of printing thickness h;

(7) printing a second layer of resin material, wherein the temperature of the second layer of resin is high enough to partially melt the first layer of resin where it contacts, and the fibers between the two layers are firmly fixed in the printed matter;

(8) after the second layer is printed, the nozzle returns to the initial position, the fibers are required to be completely cut at the moment, the fibers are separated from a printed part, the fibers can be cut by manually using a blade, the fiber material table is replaced after the fibers are cut, the above steps are repeated, the printing process of the third layer is realized, and thus, the printing of the parts is realized layer by layer;

(9) and after printing, taking down the printed part, cutting off fibers outside the longer part, and then removing the residual fibers by using tools such as sand paper or knife grinder, so as to obtain the special engineering plastic printed part with the interior reinforced by latticed fibers.