阅读说明：本技术 一种超声辅助滚磨光整加工装置及其光整加工方法 (Ultrasonic-assisted barreling and finishing device and method ) 是由 李永刚 王兴富 李学楠 杨胜强 李秀红 李文辉 于 2021-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种超声辅助滚磨光整加工装置及其光整加工方法,属于小型精密零件表面光整加工技术领域,解决传统的加工方式微型齿轮的表面质量低、均匀性差的技术问题。解决方案为：伺服电机设置于底座的一侧,工作光轴与支撑辊设置于底座的另一侧,工作光轴与支撑辊平行设置,在工作光轴与支撑辊的上方放置超声外筒,贯穿超声外筒设置超声内筒,超声内筒的外壁上设置超声换能器,待滚磨光整加工的零件及磨料填装于超声内筒的内腔中。本发明采用超声辅助回转式滚磨光整加工,用于提高微型齿轮的表面质量,既保证了微型齿轮的尺寸精度不受影响,提高了齿轮的表面质量,同时又提高了批量加工时工件表面质量的均匀一致性,提高了加工效率。(An ultrasonic-assisted barreling and polishing device and a polishing method thereof belong to the technical field of surface polishing of small-sized precision parts and solve the technical problems of low surface quality and poor uniformity of a micro gear in a traditional processing mode. The solution is as follows: the servo motor is arranged on one side of the base, the working optical axis and the supporting roll are arranged on the other side of the base, the working optical axis and the supporting roll are arranged in parallel, the ultrasonic outer cylinder is placed above the working optical axis and the supporting roll, the ultrasonic inner cylinder is arranged by penetrating through the ultrasonic outer cylinder, the ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder, and parts to be barreled and polished and abrasive materials are filled in an inner cavity of the ultrasonic inner cylinder. The invention adopts ultrasonic auxiliary rotary type barreling and polishing processing for improving the surface quality of the miniature gear, thereby not only ensuring that the dimensional precision of the miniature gear is not influenced and improving the surface quality of the gear, but also improving the uniformity of the surface quality of workpieces during batch processing and improving the processing efficiency.)

1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic-assisted barreling and polishing processing device, it includes servo motor (1), reduction gear (2) and ultrasonic transducer (12), its characterized in that:

the servo motor (1) is arranged on one side of the base (21) along the horizontal direction, the working optical axis (19) and the supporting roll (22) are arranged on the other side of the base (21) along the horizontal direction, the working optical axis (19) and the supporting roll (22) are arranged in parallel, two ends of the supporting roll (22) are respectively provided with a second bearing support (23), two ends of the working optical axis (19) are respectively provided with a first bearing support (4), limiting shaft shoulders (18) are respectively arranged at two ends of the working optical axis (19) and close to the inner sides of the bearing supports (4), a polyurethane sleeve (6) is sleeved on the outer wall of the working optical axis (19) between the limiting shaft shoulders (18) at two sides, the working optical axis (19) and the servo motor (1) are coaxially arranged, a rotor of the servo motor (1) is connected with a power input shaft of the speed reducer (2), and a power output shaft of the speed reducer (2) is connected with the working optical axis (19) through a coupler (3); the bearing support I (4) and the bearing support II (23) are both provided with a bearing (5), the bearing support I (4) is fixedly arranged on the base (21), the bearing support II (23) is provided with a limit screw (14), the base (21) below the bearing support II (23) is provided with a sliding groove (16), the bearing support II (23) slides back and forth along the sliding groove (16) so as to adjust the distance between the working optical axis (19) and the supporting roller (22), and then the limit screw (14) is screwed downwards into the sliding groove (16) to press the bearing support II (23) above the base (21);

an ultrasonic outer cylinder (11) is arranged above a working optical axis (19) and a supporting roller (22), an ultrasonic inner cylinder (13) is arranged through the ultrasonic outer cylinder (11), an ultrasonic transducer (12) is arranged on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13), a supporting screw (9) is arranged between the inner wall of the ultrasonic outer cylinder (11) and the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13), and the supporting screw (9) compresses a supporting pad (10) on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13); an end cover (8) is detachably arranged on the end face of one side, close to the servo motor (1), of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13), the end cover (8) presses the sealing washer (17) onto the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13), and parts to be barreled, polished and processed and abrasive materials are filled in an inner cavity of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13).

2. The ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing device according to claim 1, wherein: the base (21) is provided with a controller (20) and a conductive slip ring (15), the servo motor (1) is electrically connected with the controller (20) through a cable, the ultrasonic transducer (12) is electrically connected with the conductive slip ring (15) through the cable, and the conductive slip ring (15) is electrically connected with an ultrasonic power supply (24) through the cable.

3. The ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing device according to claim 1, wherein: the polyurethane sleeve (6) is replaced by a polyurethane coating.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing device according to claim 1, wherein: the end cover (8) is detachably arranged on the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13) through an end cover screw (7).

5. A finishing process using the ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparation of grinding fluid:

firstly, adding 500mL of deionized water into a container; then adding 30mL +/-1 mL of ethoxylated alkyl sodium sulfate solution, 30mL +/-1 mL of oleic acid, 30mL +/-1 mL of coconut diethanolamide solution and 30mL +/-1 mL of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution into deionized water to prepare grinding liquid; finally, stirring the grinding fluid on an electromagnetic stirrer for 20min for later use;

s2, abrasive self-grinding:

firstly, loading an abrasive into a roller; then, adding the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into a roller; finally, setting the revolution of the barreling and polishing equipment as 100r/min, setting the autogenous grinding time as 15h, and stopping the machine to cool for 10min every 1h during the autogenous grinding period of the abrasive;

s3, barreling and polishing:

firstly, filling the abrasive ground in the step S2 into an ultrasonic inner cylinder (13); secondly, filling the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into an ultrasonic inner cylinder (13); thirdly, placing a plurality of parts to be barreled and polished into the ultrasonic inner cylinder (13); and finally, setting technological parameters of the barreling and polishing device: the revolution of the ultrasonic outer cylinder (11) is 80-130 r/min, after the ultrasonic outer cylinder (11) starts to rotate, an ultrasonic power supply is started, the ultrasonic power is set to be 60-240W, the tumbling and polishing time is 30min, after polishing processing is finished, the part is taken out, cleaned by deionized water and dried by cold air, and the ultrasonic-assisted tumbling and polishing processing of the part to be tumbled and polished is finished.

6. The finishing process method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing process device according to claim 5, wherein: in step S2, the abrasive is alumina particles.

7. The finishing process method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing process device according to claim 5, wherein: the part to be barreled and polished is a miniature metal gear made of CuZn₃₇。

8. The finishing process method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing process device according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S3, the shape, color and surface roughness of the barrel-polished and finished part are detected, analyzed and characterized.

9. The finishing process method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing process device according to claim 8, wherein: and (3) carrying out microscopic morphology analysis by adopting a scanning electron microscope, carrying out surface morphology analysis by adopting a contourgraph, and carrying out surface roughness analysis by adopting a roughness meter.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface finishing of small-sized precision parts, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic-assisted barreling and finishing device and a finishing method thereof.

Background

Micro parts have been widely used in various devices such as micro-electrical systems, micro engines, micro pumps, and marine autopilots. Micro-parts are often required to have important characteristics such as high motion transfer accuracy, low operating noise, low wear rate, high fatigue life, etc. To meet these requirements, the micro-parts must have high geometric accuracy, surface finish, and good surface integrity. At present, the surface quality is improved mainly by the traditional finishing processing mode in the production of miniature parts, and the uniformity of the processing quality is poor.

In the prior art, the forming method of the miniature gear has various forms:

firstly, the improvement of the precision of the miniature gear is limited due to the influence of factors such as the used wire diameter, the discharge gap of a forming electrode and the like by adopting electric spark discharge machining;

the hobbing cutter is subjected to micro-processing, and the tooth profile of the hobbing cutter is micro-processed, so that besides the tooth profile error of the hobbing cutter, the errors of the hobbing cutter such as aperture run-out, end face run-out and circumferential pitch have great influence on the precision of the micro-gear;

thirdly, the fine processing of the miniature gear is difficult due to the tiny tooth shape, and the metal particles of the metal powder are larger, so that the improvement of the shape precision and the surface finish degree of the miniature gear is limited.

The molding processing methods have some defects and shortcomings, so that the surface quality of the part is poor, the use requirement cannot be directly met, and the surface quality of the part needs to be improved by adopting a proper surface finishing process. However, the finishing process for micro metal gears is still relatively lacking, and the existing barreling finishing process can only improve the surface quality of the gears to a certain extent, and cannot avoid mutual adsorption among the gears during processing, which finally affects the processing effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adopts an ultrasonic-assisted rotary type barreling and finishing mode, avoids the technical problem that gears are adsorbed together in the finishing process, improves the surface quality of the tooth surface and the end surface of the micro gear while ensuring the dimensional accuracy of parts, and improves the service performance and the service life of the micro gear.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides an supersound is assisted and is barreled finishing processingequipment, it includes servo motor, reduction gear and ultrasonic transducer, wherein:

the servo motor is arranged on one side of the base in the horizontal direction, the working optical axis and the supporting roll are arranged on the other side of the base in the horizontal direction, the working optical axis and the supporting roll are arranged in parallel, two ends of the supporting roll are respectively provided with a bearing support II, two ends of the working optical axis are respectively provided with a bearing support I, two ends of the working optical axis and the inner sides close to the bearing supports I are respectively provided with a limiting shaft shoulder, a polyurethane layer is coated on the outer wall of the working optical axis between the limiting shaft shoulders on the two sides or a polyurethane sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the working optical axis, the working optical axis and the servo motor are coaxially arranged, a rotor of the servo motor is connected with a power input shaft of the speed reducer, and a power output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the working optical axis through a coupler; bearings are arranged on the first bearing support and the second bearing support, the first bearing support is fixedly arranged on the base, a limiting screw is arranged on the second bearing support, a sliding groove is arranged on the base below the second bearing support, the second bearing support slides back and forth along the sliding groove so as to adjust the distance between the working optical axis and the supporting roller, and then the limiting screw is screwed downwards into the sliding groove to press the second bearing support above the base;

an ultrasonic outer cylinder is arranged above the working optical axis and the supporting roller, an ultrasonic inner cylinder penetrates through the ultrasonic outer cylinder, an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder, a supporting screw is arranged between the inner wall of the ultrasonic outer cylinder and the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder, and the supporting screw presses a supporting pad on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder; an end cover is detachably arranged on the end face of one side, close to the servo motor, of the ultrasonic inner cylinder, the end cover presses the sealing washer onto the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder, and parts to be barreled, polished and finished and abrasive materials are filled in an inner cavity of the ultrasonic inner cylinder.

Furthermore, a controller and a conductive slip ring are installed on the base, the servo motor is electrically connected with the controller through a cable, the ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected with the conductive slip ring through the cable, and the conductive slip ring is electrically connected with an ultrasonic power supply through the cable.

Further, the end cover is detachably arranged on the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder through an end cover screw.

A finishing method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing device comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of grinding fluid:

firstly, adding 500mL of deionized water into a container; then adding 30mL +/-1 mL of ethoxylated alkyl sodium sulfate solution, 30mL +/-1 mL of oleic acid, 30mL +/-1 mL of coconut diethanolamide solution and 30mL +/-1 mL of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution into deionized water to prepare grinding liquid; finally, stirring the grinding fluid on an electromagnetic stirrer for 20min for later use;

s2, abrasive self-grinding:

firstly, loading an abrasive into a roller; then, adding the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into a roller; finally, setting the revolution of the barreling and polishing equipment as 100r/min, setting the autogenous grinding time as 15h, and stopping the machine to cool for 10min every 1h during the autogenous grinding period of the abrasive;

s3, barreling and polishing:

firstly, filling the abrasive ground in the step S2 into an ultrasonic inner cylinder; secondly, filling the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into an ultrasonic inner cylinder; thirdly, placing a plurality of parts to be barreled and polished into the ultrasonic inner cylinder; and finally, setting technological parameters of the barreling and polishing device: the revolution of the ultrasonic outer cylinder is 80-130 r/min, after the ultrasonic outer cylinder starts to rotate, an ultrasonic power supply is started, the ultrasonic power is set to be 60-240W, the tumbling and polishing time is 30min, the part is taken out after polishing, the part is cleaned by deionized water and then dried by cold air, and the ultrasonic-assisted tumbling and polishing processing of the part to be tumbled and polished is completed.

Further, in step S2, the abrasive is alumina particles.

Further, the part to be barreled and polished is a miniature metal gear, and the miniature metal gear is made of CuZn₃₇。

Further, in step S3, the shape, color and surface roughness of the parts after the barrel polishing process is detected, analyzed and characterized.

Further, a scanning electron microscope is adopted for micro-morphology analysis, a profile meter is adopted for surface morphology analysis, and a roughness meter is adopted for surface roughness analysis.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts the ultrasonic-assisted barreling and polishing device and the polishing method thereof, can not only prevent the micro gears from being adsorbed together, but also improve the surface quality of the gears, not only ensures that the dimensional precision of the gears is not influenced, but also improves the uniformity of the surface quality of workpieces during batch processing, improves the processing efficiency, and is an advanced micro gear surface processing method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling and polishing apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a surface topography of a part prior to finishing;

FIG. 4 is a surface topography of a finished part;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the surface roughness of a part after a burnishing operation.

In the figure, 1 is a servo motor, 2 is a speed reducer, 3 is a coupler, 4 is a bearing support base I, 5 is a bearing, 6 is a polyurethane sleeve, 7 is an end cover screw, 8 is an end cover, 9 is a supporting screw, 10 is a supporting pad, 11 is an ultrasonic outer cylinder, 12 is an ultrasonic transducer, 13 is an ultrasonic inner cylinder, 14 is a limiting screw, 15 is a conductive sliding ring, 16 is a sliding groove, 17 is a sealing gasket, 18 is a limiting shaft shoulder, 19 is a working optical axis, 20 is a controller, 21 is a base, 22 is a supporting roller, 23 is a bearing support base II, and 24 is an ultrasonic power supply.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

An ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing apparatus as shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a servo motor 1, a reducer 2 and an ultrasonic transducer 12, wherein:

the servo motor 1 is arranged on one side of a base 21 along the horizontal direction, the servo motor 1 is used for outputting power for a mechanism, a working optical axis 19 and a supporting roller 22 are arranged on the other side of the base 21 along the horizontal direction, the working optical axis 19 and the supporting roller 22 are arranged in parallel, two ends of the supporting roller 22 are respectively provided with a bearing support II 23, two ends of the working optical axis 19 are respectively provided with a bearing support I4, two ends of the working optical axis 19 and the inner sides close to the bearing support I4 are respectively provided with a limiting shaft shoulder 18 for limiting an ultrasonic roller, a polyurethane sleeve 6 is sleeved on the outer wall of the working optical axis 19 between the limiting shaft shoulders 18 on the two sides, or a polyurethane coating is coated on the outer wall of the working optical axis 19 to replace the polyurethane sleeve 6, the working optical axis 19 and the servo motor 1 are coaxially arranged, a rotor of the servo motor 1 is connected with a power input shaft of a speed reducer 2, the speed reducer 2 reduces the rotating speed and increases the driving force at the same time, the mechanism load torque is improved, and a power output shaft of the speed reducer 2 is connected with a working optical shaft 19 through a coupler 3; the bearing 5 is arranged on the bearing support I4 and the bearing support II 23, the bearing support I4 is fixedly arranged on the base 21, the limit screw 14 is arranged on the bearing support II 23, the sliding groove 16 is arranged on the base 21 below the bearing support II 23, the bearing support II 23 slides back and forth along the sliding groove 16 so as to adjust the distance between the working optical axis 19 and the supporting roller 22, and then the limit screw 14 is screwed downwards into the sliding groove 16 to press the bearing support II 23 above the base 21;

an ultrasonic outer cylinder 11 is arranged above a working optical axis 19 and a supporting roller 22, an ultrasonic inner cylinder 13 penetrates through the ultrasonic outer cylinder 11, an ultrasonic transducer 12 is arranged on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13, a supporting screw 9 is arranged between the inner wall of the ultrasonic outer cylinder 11 and the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13, and the supporting screw 9 tightly presses a supporting pad 10 on the outer wall of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13; an end cover 8 is detachably arranged on the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13 close to one side of the servo motor 1, a sealing gasket 17 is tightly pressed on the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13 through the end cover 8, and parts to be barreled and polished and abrasive materials are filled in the inner cavity of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13.

Further, a controller 20 and a conductive slip ring 15 are mounted on the base 21, the servo motor 1 is electrically connected with the controller 20 through a cable, the ultrasonic transducer 12 is electrically connected with the conductive slip ring 15 through a cable, the conductive slip ring 15 is electrically connected with an ultrasonic power supply 24 through a cable, and the ultrasonic power supply 24 is used for supplying power to the ultrasonic transducer 12 and adjusting ultrasonic power.

Further, the end cover 8 is detachably mounted on the end face of the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13 through an end cover screw 7.

The chemical materials used in this example were: the gear comprises a micro metal gear, acetone, ethoxylated alkyl sodium sulfate, oleic acid, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, aluminum oxide particles and deionized water, wherein the preparation amount of the combination is as follows: taking unit, gram and milliliter as metering units:

miniature metal gear: CuZn₃₇200 of the total amount of the active ingredients;

acetone: c₃H₆O 1000mL±10mL；

Sodium ethoxylated alkyl sulfate: c₁₆H₈O₆SNa 30mL±1mL；

Oleic acid: c₁₈H₃₄O₂ 30mL±1mL；

Coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide: c₁₆H₃₃O₃N 30mL±1mL；

Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether: c₁₈H₃₈O₄ 30mL±1mL；

Alumina particles: al (Al)₂O₃ 100000g±10g；

Deionized water: h₂O 50000mL±100mL。

A finishing method of an ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing device comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of grinding fluid:

firstly, adding 500mL of deionized water into a container; then adding 30mL +/-1 mL of ethoxylated alkyl sodium sulfate solution, 30mL +/-1 mL of oleic acid, 30mL +/-1 mL of coconut diethanolamide solution and 30mL +/-1 mL of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether solution into deionized water to prepare grinding liquid; finally, stirring the grinding fluid on an electromagnetic stirrer for 20min for later use;

s2, abrasive self-grinding:

firstly, filling an abrasive into a roller, wherein the abrasive is alumina particles; then, adding the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into a roller; finally, setting the revolution of the barreling and polishing equipment as 100r/min, setting the autogenous grinding time as 15h, and stopping the machine to cool for 10min every 1h during the autogenous grinding period of the abrasive;

s3, barreling and polishing:

firstly, filling the abrasive ground in the step S2 into the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13; secondly, filling the grinding fluid prepared in the step S1 into the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13; thirdly, placing a plurality of parts to be barreled and polished into the ultrasonic inner cylinder 13, wherein the parts to be barreled and polished are miniature metal gears made of CuZn₃₇(ii) a And finally, setting technological parameters of the barreling and polishing device: the revolution of the ultrasonic outer cylinder 11 is 80-130 r/min, after the ultrasonic outer cylinder 11 starts to rotate, an ultrasonic power supply is started, the ultrasonic power is set to be 60-240W, the tumbling and polishing time is 30min, after polishing, the part is taken out, cleaned by deionized water and dried by cold air, and the ultrasonic-assisted tumbling and polishing processing of the part to be tumbled and polished is completed. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the machining traces of the micro metal gear after the finishing machining are obviously eliminated, and the surface has no residual pollutants.

Detecting, analyzing and representing the appearance, color and surface roughness of the parts subjected to the barreling and finishing after the ultrasonic-assisted barreling and finishing, specifically, carrying out microscopic appearance analysis by adopting a scanning electron microscope and carrying out surface appearance analysis by adopting a contourgraphAnd analyzing the surface roughness by using a roughness meter. As shown in FIG. 5, the surface of the micro metal gear after the finishing process has bright metal luster, smooth micro appearance and no residual pollutant on the surface, and the surface roughness of the micro metal gear after the ultrasonic-assisted barreling finishing process can reach R_a0.08-0.10 μm, and improves the surface quality of the miniature metal gear.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.