Polymerizable compounds and their use in liquid crystal displays

文档序号：788833 发布日期：2021-04-09 浏览：30次中文

阅读说明：本技术 可聚合化合物及其于液晶显示器中的用途 (Polymerizable compounds and their use in liquid crystal displays ) 是由童琼 M·布雷默 P·贝克尔 E·科特兹克 M·施密特于 2019-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及可聚合化合物、其制备方法和用于制备其的中间体、包含它们的液晶(LC)介质,和所述可聚合化合物以及LC介质用于光学、电光学和电子目的的用途,特别是在LC显示器中,尤其是在聚合物稳定配向类型的LC显示器中的用途。(The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for their preparation, to Liquid Crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer stable alignment type.)

1. A compound of formula I

P-Sp-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_z-R^b I

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

p is a polymerizable group, and P is a polymerizable group,

sp is a spacer group optionally substituted with P, or a single bond,

A¹、A²is benzene or naphthalene, optionally substituted by one or more groups L, L⁹、L¹⁰Or a P-Sp-substitution, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

Z¹is-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH₂-、-CH₂O-、-SCH₂-、-CH₂S-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CF₂S-、-SCF₂-、-(CH₂)_n1-、-CF₂CH₂-、-CH₂CF₂-、-(CF₂)_n1-、-CH＝CH-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CF-、-CF＝CH-、-C≡C-、-CH＝CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH＝CH-、-CH₂-CH₂-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH₂-CH₂-、-CR⁰R⁰⁰-or a single bond,

R⁰、R⁰⁰is H or alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms,

R^bis F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp-or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having 1 to 25C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂-the groups are optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that the O-and/or S-atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl,

L⁹is F or Cl, and the like,

L¹⁰is-CH₂-O-A，

A is an alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms,

l is F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp-or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH₂-the groups are optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that the O-and/or S-atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl,

z is 0,1,2 or 3,

n1 is 1,2,3 or 4,

characterized in that the compound contains at least one group L⁹Substituted at least one group A¹Or A²And by at least one group L¹⁰Substituted at least one group A¹Or A²Wherein the group L⁹And L¹⁰Can be connected to the same or different rings A¹Or A²。

2. According to claimA compound according to claim 1, characterized in that-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_z-is selected from the following subformulae

Wherein at least one benzene ring is substituted by at least one group L⁹Substituted and at least one benzene ring is substituted by at least one group L¹⁰And the phenyl rings are optionally further substituted by one or more groups L, L as defined in claim 1⁹，L¹⁰Or P-Sp-substitution.

3. Compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is selected from the following subformulae

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

A，P，Sp，R^bhaving one of the meanings given in claim 1,

L¹¹，L¹²，L¹³is F, Cl or-CH₂-O-A，

L¹⁴，L¹⁵，L¹⁶，L¹¹Is F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp-or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having 1 to 6C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂-the radical is optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, and in which one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F or Cl,

r1, r2 and r3 are 0,1 or 2, wherein r1+ r2+ r3 is more than or equal to 2,

r4, r5, r6 are 0,1 or 2,

r7, r8 is 0,1 or 2,

r9, r10 is 0,1 or 2,

wherein r7+ r9 is not more than 3, r8+ r10 is not more than 3, r7+ r8 is not less than 2 in formula I3, r1+ r7+ r8 is not less than 2 in formulae I4a and I4b, and

wherein the compound comprises at least one group L being F or Cl¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³And at least one is-CH₂Group L of-O-A¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³。

4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, selected from the following subformulae

Wherein P, Sp, L^11-16And r1-r10 have the meanings given in claim 3, Sp (P)₂Represents a spacer Sp substituted in the same or different positions by two polymerizable groups P, where r7+ r 9.ltoreq.3, r8+ r 10.ltoreq.3, r7+ r 8. gtoreq.2 in formula I3, and r1+ r7+ r 8. gtoreq.2 in formulae I4A to I4E, and where the compound comprises at least one group L which is F or Cl, preferably F¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³And at least one is-CH₂Group L of-O-A¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³。

5. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 selected from the following subformulae

Wherein P, Sp (P)₂And A, P, Sp (P)₂Have the meanings given in claims 1 and 4, L has the meaning given in claim 4 for L¹⁴One of the meanings given, r is 0,1 or 2.

6. Compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is selected from the following subformulae

Wherein P, Sp and Sp (P)₂Having the meanings given in claims 1 and 4, Sp' and Sp "having one of the meanings given for Sp in claim 1, and L^xIs H, F, -CH₂-O-C₂H₅or-CH₂-O-CH₃。

7. Compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is selected from the following subformulae

8. Compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that P is chosen from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy groups.

9. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein Sp, Sp' and Sp "when other than a single bond are selected from- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-(CH₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O- (CH)₂)_p1Wherein p1 is 2,3,4,5 or 6, and if Sp is-O- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O- (CH)₂)_p1Then the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is attached to the benzene ring.

10. A Liquid Crystal (LC) medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. LC medium according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises

-a polymerizable component a) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, and

-a liquid crystalline LC component B) comprising one or more mesogenic or liquid crystalline compounds.

12. The LC medium of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula CY and/or PY:

wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings:

wherein

a represents a number of 1 or 2,

b represents a number of 0 or 1,

to represent

R¹And R²Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, where, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂A group may also be replaced by-O-, -CH ═ CH-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or-CO-O-in such a way that the O atoms are not directly attached to each other,

Z^xrepresents-CH-, -CH ═ CH-₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-O-、-CH₂-、

-CH₂CH₂-or a single bond, preferably a single bond,

L^1-4each independently of the others represents F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F、CHF₂。

13. The LC medium according to any of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

wherein the radicals, which are identical or different on each occurrence, each independently of one another, have the following meanings:

to represent

To represent

R^A1Is alkenyl having 2 to 9C atoms, or if at least one of rings X, Y and ZRepresents cyclohexenyl, then R^A1Also has R^A2In one of the meaning of (a),

R^A2is alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH' s₂The radicals may be replaced by-O-, -CH-, -CO-, -OCO-or-COO-in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another,

Z^xis-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CH-CH₂O-or a single, preferably single,

L^1-4each independently of the others being H, F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F or CHF₂H, preferably H, F or Cl,

x is 1 or 2, and the compound is,

z is 0 or 1.

14. The LC medium according to any of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings:

to represent

To represent

R³And R⁴Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, in which furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂A group may be replaced by-O-, -CH ═ CH-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or-CO-O-in such a way that the O atoms are not directly attached to each other,

Z^yrepresents-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C₂F₄-, -CF-or a single bond.

15. The LC medium according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the polymerizable compound of formula I is polymerized.

16. Process for the preparation of an LC medium as claimed in any of claims 10 to 14, comprising the step of mixing one or more mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds as defined in claim 11 or liquid-crystalline component B) with one or more compounds of the formula I as defined in one or more of claims 1 to 9 and optionally with further liquid-crystalline compounds and/or additives.

LC display comprising one or more compounds of the formula I as defined in one or more of claims 1 to 9 or comprising an LC medium as defined in any of claims 10 to 15.

18. The LC display of claim 17, which is a PSA display.

19. The LC display of claim 18, which is a PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, PS-positive-VA, PS-TN, polymer stabilized SA-VA, or polymer stabilized SA-FFS display.

20. LC display according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one substrate, and a layer of LC medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds as defined in any of claims 10 to 15 between the substrates, wherein the polymerisable compounds between the substrates of the display are polymerised.

21. A method of manufacturing an LC display according to claim 20, comprising the steps of: providing an LC medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds as defined in any of claims 10 to 15 between substrates of a display, and polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

22. A compound of formula II

Pg-Sp-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_z-R^* II

Characterized in that the compound comprises at least one group L⁹Substituted radicals A¹Or A²And at least one is substituted by at least one group L¹⁰Substituted A¹Or A²Wherein Pg is OH, a protected hydroxyl group or a masked hydroxyl group, R^*Represents R or Pg-Sp-, and Sp, A¹、A²、L⁹、L¹⁰R, Z and z have the meanings given in claim 1.

23. Process for the preparation of a compound of formula I according to any one of claims 1 to 9 by esterification of a compound according to claim 21 with the corresponding acid, acid derivative or halogenated compound containing a group P, wherein Pg represents OH, in the presence of a dehydrating reagent.

Background

One Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) mode currently in use is the TN ("twisted nematic") mode. However, the TN LCD has a disadvantage in that the contrast ratio has a strong dependence on the viewing angle.

In addition, so-called VA (vertical alignment) displays having a wider viewing angle are known. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of an LC medium between two transparent electrodes, wherein the LC medium usually has a negative dielectric anisotropy. In the off-state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surface (homeotropic) or have a tilted homeotropic alignment. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a realignment of the LC molecules parallel to the electrode surfaces occurs.

In addition, OCB ("optically compensated bend") displays are known, which are based on birefringent effects and have an LC layer (which has a so-called "bend" alignment and generally a positive dielectric anisotropy). Upon application of a voltage, a realignment of the LC molecules perpendicular to the electrode surface occurs. In addition, OCB displays typically contain one or more birefringent optical retardation films to prevent undesirable light transmission of the bent cell in the dark state. OCB displays have a wider viewing angle and a shorter response time than TN displays.

Also known are so-called IPS ("in-plane switching") displays, which comprise an LC layer between two substrates, wherein two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably have an intermeshing comb-like structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field is thereby generated between them with a significant component parallel to the LC layer. This results in realignment of the LC molecules in the plane of the layer.

In addition, so-called FFS (fringe field switching) displays have been reported (see in particular s.h. jung et al, jpn.j.appl.phys., vol 43, No. 3, 2004,1028) which comprise two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is structured in a comb-like manner and the other is unstructured. This produces a strong so-called "fringe field", i.e. a strong electric field near the edges of the electrodes, and an electric field having a strong vertical component and a strong horizontal component throughout the cell. FFS displays have a small viewing angle dependence of the contrast. FFS displays usually contain an LC medium with a positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, usually of polyimide, which provides a planar alignment of the molecules of the LC medium.

FFS displays may operate as active matrix or passive matrix displays. In the case of active matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated non-linear active elements such as transistors (e.g. thin film transistors or "TFTs"), whereas in the case of passive matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed according to a multiplexing method as known in the art.

In addition, FFS displays have been disclosed (see s.h.lee et al, appl.phys.lett.73(20), 1998, 2882-. LC media with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit a more favorable director orientation with less tilt and more twisted orientation than LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy, as a result of which these displays have a higher transmission. The display further comprises an alignment layer, preferably polyimide, provided on at least one of the substrates, which is in contact with the LC medium and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC medium. These displays are also referred to as "super luminance FFS (UB-FFS)" mode displays. These displays require LC media with high reliability.

The term "reliability" as used hereinafter means the quality of the performance of the display during time and under different stress loads (stress loads), such as light loads, temperature, humidity, voltage, and includes display effects such as image sticking (surface and line image sticking), color difference (mura), non-uniformity (yogore), etc., as known to those skilled in the art of LC displays. As a standard parameter for classifying reliability, a Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR) value, which is a measure for maintaining a constant voltage in a test display, is generally used. Among other factors, high VHR is a prerequisite for high reliability of LC media.

In the newer type of VA displays, the uniform alignment of the LC molecules is limited to a plurality of relatively small domains within the LC cell. Disclination (also known as tilt domains) may exist between these domains. The VA display with the tilt domains has larger viewing angle independence of contrast and gray scale (grey shade) compared with the conventional VA display. In addition, this type of display is easier to produce, since no additional electrode surface treatment (e.g. by rubbing) for uniformly aligning the molecules in the on-state is required anymore. The preferential direction of the tilt or pretilt angle is instead controlled by the specific design of the electrodes.

In so-called MVA (multi-domain vertical alignment) displays, this is usually achieved by electrodes having protrusions (protrusion) which cause a local pretilt. Thus, upon application of a voltage, the LC molecules are aligned parallel to the electrode surfaces in different directions within different, defined cell regions. This allows a "controlled" switching and prevents the formation of disturbing misdirected lines. While this arrangement improves the viewing angle of the display, it results in a reduction in its light transmission. A further improvement of MVA uses protrusions on only one electrode side, while the opposite electrode has slits (slit), which improves the light transmission. The slit electrodes generate a non-uniform electric field in the LC cell when a voltage is applied, meaning that controlled switching is still achieved. To further improve the light transmittance, the interval between the slit and the protrusion may be enlarged, but this results in an increase in the response time instead. In so-called PVA ("patterned VA"), the protrusions become completely redundant, since the two electrodes are structured on opposite sides by slits, which results in increased contrast and improved light transmission, but which is technically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences ("tapping" etc.). However, for many applications, such as monitors and especially TV screens, it is desirable to shorten the response time of the display and to improve the contrast and brightness (transmittance) of the display.

Another development is the so-called PS ("polymer stabilized") or PSA ("polymer sustained alignment") displays, for which the term "polymer stabilized" is occasionally also used. In these, a small amount (e.g. 0.3 wt%, typically <1 wt%) of one or more polymerisable compounds, preferably polymerisable monomer compounds, is added to the LC medium and, after filling the LC medium into the display, it is polymerised or crosslinked in situ (typically by UV-photopolymerisation) while optionally applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display. The polymerization is carried out at a temperature at which the LC medium exhibits a liquid-crystalline phase, generally at room temperature. The addition of polymerisable mesogenic or liquid crystalline compounds (also called reactive mesogens or "RMs") to the LC mixture has proven particularly suitable.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term "PSA" is used hereinafter when referring generally to polymer-stabilized alignment type displays, and "PS" when referring to a particular display mode (e.g., PS-VA, PS-TN, etc.).

Furthermore, the term "RM" is used hereinafter when referring to polymerisable mesogenic or liquid crystalline compounds, unless otherwise indicated.

Meanwhile, the ps (a) principle is being used for various conventional LC display modes. Thus, for example, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS and PS-TN displays are known. Polymerization of the RM, in the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, preferably takes place with an applied voltage, and in the case of PS-IPS displays with or without, preferably without, an applied voltage. As can be verified in the test cell, the ps (a) method results in a pre-tilt in the cell. In the case of PS-OCB displays, for example, the bend structure can be stabilized so that the offset voltage is not required or can be reduced. In the case of PS-VA displays, this pretilt has a positive effect on the response time. For PS-VA displays, standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layouts may be used. In addition, however, it is also possible to handle (manage), for example, with only one structured electrode side without protrusions, which considerably simplifies the production and at the same time leads to very good contrast and very good transparency.

Furthermore, so-called positive-VA displays ("positive VA") have proven to be a particularly advantageous mode. Similar to conventional VA displays, in positive-VA displays the initial orientation of the LC molecules in the initial state when no voltage is applied is homeotropic, i.e. substantially perpendicular to the substrates. However, in contrast to conventional VA displays, LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy are used in positive-VA displays. Similarly to in commonly used IPS displays, the two electrodes in positive VA displays are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably exhibit an intermeshing and comb-like (interdigitated) structure. The LC molecules are turned into an orientation substantially parallel to the substrates by applying a voltage to the interdigitated electrodes that creates an electric field substantially parallel to the LC medium layer. Polymer stabilization (by adding RMs (which are polymerized in the display) to the liquid-crystalline medium) has also proven to be advantageous in positive VA displays, as a result of which a significant reduction in the response time can be achieved.

PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1170626 a2, US 6,861,107, US 7,169,449, US 2004/0191428 a1, US 2006/0066793 a1 and US 2006/0103804 a 1. PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.J-Chen et al, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.45, 2006, 2702-. PS-IPS displays are described, for example, in US 6,177,972 and appl.phys.lett.1999, 75(21), 3264. PS-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, 12(7), 1221.

Under the layer formed by the phase separated and polymerized RM inducing the above pre-tilt angle, the PSA display typically comprises an alignment layer, e.g. of polyimide, which provides an initial alignment of the LC molecules prior to the polymer stabilization step.

Rubbed polyimide layers have long been used as alignment layers. The rubbing method causes various problems such as color difference, contamination, electrostatic discharge problem, residue, etc. Therefore, instead of rubbing the polyimide layer, it is proposed to use photo-alignment, orderly preparation of the polyimide layer using photo-induced orientation of the alignment surface. This can be achieved via photolysis, photodimerization or photoisomerization by means of polarized light.

However, there remains a need for suitably derivatized polyimide layers comprising photoreactive groups. Generally, the effort and cost for processing polyimide and modifying bump or polymer layers for producing such polyimide layers is relatively large.

In addition, it has been observed that adverse interactions of the polyimide alignment layer with certain compounds of the LC medium often result in a reduction of the display resistance. The number of suitable and available LC compounds is thus significantly reduced at the expense of display parameters (such as viewing angle dependence, contrast and response time) which are intended to be improved by the use of such LC compounds. It is therefore desirable to omit the polyimide alignment layer.

For some display modes, this is achieved by adding self-aligning agents or additives to the LC medium which induce the desired alignment in situ by a self-assembly mechanism, e.g. homeotropic or planar alignment. Thus, alignment layers on one or both of the substrates may be omitted. These display modes are also referred to as "self-aligned" or "self-aligned" (SA) modes.

In SA displays, small amounts (typically 0.1% to 2.5%) of self-aligning additives are added to the LC medium. Suitable self-aligning additives are, for example, compounds having an organic core group and one or more polar anchor groups attached thereto, which can interact with the substrate surface such that the additives on the substrate surface align and also induce the desired alignment in the LC molecules. Preferred self-aligning additives comprise, for example, a mesogenic group and a linear or branched alkyl side chain terminated with one or more polar anchoring groups, for example selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or thiol groups. The self-aligning additive may also contain one or more polymerizable groups that can be polymerized under similar conditions as the RM used in the PSA process.

SA-VA displays and SA-FFS displays have been disclosed hitherto. Suitable self-aligning additives which induce homeotropic alignment, in particular for use in SA-VA mode displays are disclosed in, for example, US 2013/0182202 a1, US 2014/0838581 a1, US 2015/0166890 a1 and US 2015/0252265 a 1.

The SA mode may also be used in combination with the PSA mode. The LC media used in this combined mode display therefore contains one or more RMs and one or more self-aligning additives.

Similar to the conventional LC displays described above, PSA displays may operate as active matrix or passive matrix displays. In the case of active matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated non-linear active elements such as transistors (e.g. thin film transistors "TFTs"), whereas in the case of passive matrix displays, addressing is typically done by multiplexing methods as known in the art.

PSA displays also include alignment layers on one or both substrates that form the display cell. The alignment layer is typically applied to the electrode (where such an electrode is present) such that it is in contact with the LC medium and induces an initial alignment of the LC molecules. The alignment layer also comprises or consists of, for example, polyimide, which may also be rubbed or may be prepared by a photo-alignment process.

Especially for monitor and especially TV applications, there is a constant demand for optimization of the response time and contrast and brightness (and thus also transmittance) of liquid crystal displays. PSA processes can provide key advantages herein. In particular in the case of PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS and PS-positive-VA displays, a reduction in the response time associated with a measurable pretilt in the test cell can be achieved without significant detrimental effects on other parameters.

The prior art has proposed the use of optionally fluorinated biphenyl diacrylate or biphenyl dimethacrylate as the RM in PSA displays.

However, the problem arises that not all combinations of LC mixtures and one or more RMs are suitable for PSA displays, since, for example, an insufficient tilt or no tilt at all is established, or since, for example, VHR is not sufficient for TFT display applications. It has furthermore been found that LC mixtures and RMs known from the prior art still have some disadvantages when used in PSA displays. Therefore, not every known RM soluble in LC mixtures is suitable for PSA displays. Furthermore, it is often difficult to find a suitable selection criterion for the RM, in addition to directly measuring the pretilt in the PSA display. The selection of a suitable RM becomes even smaller if it is desired to carry out the polymerization by means of UV light without the addition of a photoinitiator, which may be advantageous for certain applications.

In addition, the selected LC host mixture/RM combination should have as low rotational viscosity as possible and as optimal electrical properties as possible. In particular it should have as high a VHR as possible. In PSA displays, a high VHR after irradiation with UV light is particularly required, since UV exposure is an essential part of the display production process and also occurs as normal exposure during operation of the finished display.

In particular, it is desirable to provide novel materials that are available for PSA displays that produce particularly small pretilt angles. Preferred materials here are those which, during polymerization, produce lower pretilt angles for the same exposure time than hitherto known materials and/or by using them, which, after a shorter exposure time, also enable (higher) pretilt angles which are already achievable with known materials. Thus, the production time ("tact time") of the display can be shortened and the cost of the production process can be reduced.

Another problem in producing PSA displays is the presence or removal of residual amounts of unpolymerized RM, especially after the polymerization step used to create the pretilt angle in the display. For example, such unreacted RMs may detrimentally affect the properties of the display by, for example, polymerizing in an uncontrolled manner during operation after the display is manufactured.

PSA displays known from the prior art therefore often show the undesirable effect of so-called "image sticking" or "image burning", i.e. the image produced in an LC display by the brief addressing of individual pixels remains visible even after the electric field in these pixels has been switched off or after other pixels have been addressed.

This "image sticking" may occur on the one hand if LC host mixtures with low VHR are used. The daylight or UV-components of the backlight may initiate decomposition reactions in which the LC molecules are undesirable and thereby initiate the production of ionic or free radical impurities. These can accumulate, particularly at the electrodes or alignment layers, where they can reduce the effective applied voltage. This effect can also be observed in conventional LC displays without a polymer component.

Furthermore, an additional "image sticking" effect due to the presence of unpolymerized RMs is often observed in PSA displays. The uncontrolled polymerization of the residual RMs is initiated here by UV light from the environment or from a backlight. This changes the tilt angle after a number of addressing periods in the switched display area. As a result, a change in transmittance may occur in the switched region, while it remains unchanged in the unswitched region.

It is therefore desirable that polymerization of RMs during the production of PSA displays proceeds as completely as possible and that the presence of unpolymerized RMs in the display is excluded or reduced to a minimum as possible. Thus, there is a need for RM and LC mixtures that enable or support highly efficient and complete polymerization of RMs. Furthermore, a controlled reaction of the residual RM amount is desired. It would be simpler if the RMs polymerized faster and more efficiently than the materials known hitherto.

Another problem observed in the operation of PSA displays is the stability of the pretilt angle. Thus, it was observed that the pretilt angle (which is generated during the manufacturing process of the display by polymerizing the RM as described above) does not remain constant, but deteriorates after the display is subjected to voltage stress during its operation. This can negatively impact display performance, for example by increasing black state transmission and thus reducing contrast.

Another problem to be solved is that the RMs of the prior art do often have high melting points and do show only limited solubility in many of the LC mixtures common today, and therefore often tend to crystallize out of the mixture spontaneously. Furthermore, the risk of spontaneous polymerization prevents the LC host mixture from being warmed to dissolve the polymerizable components, which means that the best possible solubility is necessary even at room temperature. Furthermore, there is a risk of separation, for example when introducing LC media into an LC display (chromatographic effect), which can greatly impair the uniformity of the display. This is further increased by the fact that LC media are usually introduced at low temperatures to reduce the risk of spontaneous polymerization (see above), which in turn has a negative effect on solubility.

Another problem observed in the prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays, including but not limited to PSA-type displays, often results in color differences in the display, especially when the LC media is filled in display cells fabricated using an under-drop fill (ODF) process. This phenomenon is also referred to as "ODF color difference". It is therefore desirable to provide LC media that provide reduced ODF color difference.

Another problem observed in the prior art is that LC media used in PSA displays, including but not limited to PSA type displays, often exhibit high viscosity and, therefore, high switching times. In order to reduce the viscosity and the switching time of the LC medium, it has been proposed in the prior art to add LC compounds having alkenyl groups. However, it was observed that LC media containing alkenyl compounds often show a decrease in reliability and stability, as well as a decrease in VHR, especially after exposure to UV radiation. This is a considerable disadvantage, especially for use in PSA displays, since in PSA displays the photopolymerization of RMs is usually carried out by exposure to UV radiation, which can lead to a reduction of VHR in the LC medium.

There is thus still a great need for PSA displays, as well as LC media and polymerisable compounds for use in such displays, which do not exhibit the disadvantages described above or exhibit them to only a small extent and have improved properties.

In particular, there is a great need for PSA displays and LC media and polymerisable compounds for such PSA displays which enable high specific resistance at the same time in a large operating temperature range, short response times even at low temperatures and low threshold voltages, low pretilt angles, a large number of grey scales, high contrast and wide viewing angles, as well as high reliability and high Values of (VHR) after UV exposure, and, in the case of polymerisable compounds, low melting points and high solubility in the LC host mixture. In PSA displays for mobile applications, it is particularly desirable to have available LC media that exhibit low threshold voltages and high birefringence.

In the prior art, several types of RMs have been reported for use in PSA displays, such as RMs having a core of biphenyl or terphenyl mediator and two or three polymerizable acrylate groups or methacrylate groups attached thereto. Biphenyl RM is shown to exhibit limited polymerization speed but good reliability parameters, such as high VHR or tilt stability, while terphenyl RM is shown to exhibit fast polymerization speed but limited reliability parameters. It is therefore desirable to have available RMs that exhibit both fast polymerization speed and good reliability parameters.

It is an object of the present invention to provide new suitable materials, in particular RMs for PSA displays and LC media comprising the same, which do not have the disadvantages indicated above or to a lesser extent.

In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide RMs for PSA displays and LC media comprising the same, which achieve very high specific resistance values, high VHR values, high reliability, low threshold voltages, short response times, high birefringence, show good UV absorption especially at longer wavelengths, enable a fast and complete polymerization of RMs, enable a low pretilt angle to be generated, preferably as fast as possible, enable a high stability of the pretilt even after longer times and/or after UV exposure, reduce or prevent the occurrence of "image sticking" and "ODF color differences" in the display, and polymerize as fast and complete as possible in the case of RMs, and show high solubility in LC media typically used as host mixtures in PSA displays.

It is another object of the present invention to provide RMs for PSA displays that exhibit both fast polymerization speed and good reliability parameters, such as high VHR or tilt stability.

It is another object of the present invention to provide new RMs, particularly for optical, electrooptical and electronic applications; and suitable processes and intermediates for their preparation.

These objects have been achieved according to the present invention by materials and methods as described in the present application. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that the use of a RM of formula I as described hereinafter allows the advantageous effects as mentioned above to be achieved. These compounds are characterized in that they comprise a core of biphenyl or terphenyl mediator substituted with at least one methoxymethyl group and at least one fluoro substituent, and one or more polymerizable reactive groups attached thereto.

It was surprisingly found that the use of these RMs and LC media comprising them in PSA displays, particularly at longer UV wavelengths in the range of 300-380nm and especially above 320nm, promotes a fast and complete UV photopolymerization even without the addition of photoinitiators; leading to a fast generation of a large and stable pretilt angle; reduced image sticking and ODF color difference in the display, resulting in high reliability and high VHR values after UV photopolymerization, especially in the case of LC host mixtures containing LC compounds having alkenyl groups; and enables fast response times, low threshold voltages and high birefringence.

In addition, the RMs according to the invention have a low melting point, good solubility and a low tendency to crystallize in a wide range of LC media for PSA applications, in particular in commercially available LC host mixtures. Furthermore, it shows good absorption at longer UV wavelengths, especially in the range of 300-.

Also, it was surprisingly found that the RM according to the invention combines a fast polymerization speed like the terphenyl RM speed with a good reliability parameter like the biphenyl RM. This results in superior overall performance compared to prior art RMs.

Summary of The Invention

The invention relates to compounds of formula I

P-Sp-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_z-R^b I

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

p is a polymerizable group, and P is a polymerizable group,

sp is a spacer group optionally substituted with P or a single bond,

A¹、A²is benzene or naphthalene, optionally via one or more groups L, L⁹、L¹⁰Or a P-Sp-substitution, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

R⁰、R⁰⁰is H or alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms,

R^bis F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp-or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having 1 to 25C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂-the groups are optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that the O-and/or S-atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl,

L⁹is F or Cl, and the like,

L¹⁰is-CH₂-O-A，

A is an alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl,

z is 0,1,2 or 3,

n1 is 1,2,3 or 4,

The invention also relates to the use of compounds of formula I as polymerisable compounds in LC media and LC displays, preferably PSA displays, in particular in the LC media, active layer or alignment layer of LC displays.

The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula I, and to novel intermediates used or obtained in these processes.

The invention further relates to LC media comprising one or more compounds of the formula I.

The invention further relates to LC media comprising one or more polymerisable compounds, at least one of which is a compound of formula I.

The invention further relates to an LC medium comprising:

-a polymerizable component a) comprising, preferably consisting of, one or more polymerizable compounds, at least one of which is a compound of formula I, and

liquid-crystal component B), hereinafter also referred to as "LC host mixture", which comprises, preferably consists of, one or more mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds.

The liquid-crystalline component B) of the LC medium according to the invention is also referred to below as "LC host mixture" and preferably comprises one or more, preferably at least two, mesogenic or LC compounds selected from non-polymerizable low-molecular-weight compounds.

The invention also relates to an LC medium as described above and below, wherein the LC host mixture or component B) comprises at least one mesogen or LC compound containing alkenyl groups.

The present invention also relates to an LC medium or LC display as described above, wherein the compound of formula I or the polymerisable compound of component a) is polymerised.

The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of an LC medium as described above and below, comprising the steps of: one or more mesogenic or LC compounds, or LC host mixtures or LC components B), as described above and below, are mixed with one or more compounds of formula I, and optionally with other LC compounds and/or additives.

The invention also relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I and LC media according to the invention in PSA displays, in particular PSA displays containing LC media, for generating tilt angles in the LC medium by in situ polymerization of one or more compounds of the formula I in the PSA display, preferably in an electric or magnetic field.

The invention further relates to LC displays, in particular PSA displays, particularly preferably PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, PS-positive-VA or PS-TN displays, comprising one or more compounds of the formula I or LC media according to the invention.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I and of the LC media according to the invention for polymer-stabilizing SA-VA and SA-FFS displays, and to polymer-stabilized SA-VA or SA-FFS displays comprising one or more compounds of the formula I or LC media according to the invention.

The invention furthermore relates to LC displays comprising polymers obtainable by polymerization of one or more compounds of the formula I as described above or of the polymerizable component a), or comprising LC media according to the invention, preferably PSA displays, very preferably PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, PS-positive-VA, PS-TN or polymer-stabilized SA-VA or SA-FFS displays.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC display of the PSA type, comprising two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, electrodes provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one substrate and an LC medium layer located between the substrates, which LC medium comprises one or more polymerisable compounds as described above and below and an LC component, wherein the polymerisable compounds between the substrates of the display are polymerised.

The invention furthermore relates to a method of manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of: filling or otherwise providing an LC medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds as described above and below between the substrates of the display, and polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

The PSA display according to the invention has two electrodes, preferably in the form of transparent layers, which are applied to one or both of the substrates. In some displays, such as in PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-TN or polymer stabilized SA-VA displays, one electrode is applied to each of the two substrates. In other displays, for example in PS-positive-VA, PS-IPS or PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or polymer stabilized SA-FFS displays, two electrodes are applied to only one of the two substrates.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymerisable component is polymerised in the LC display while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display.

The polymerizable compounds of the polymerizable component are preferably polymerized by photopolymerization, very preferably by UV-photopolymerization.

Prior art document WO 2014/142168 a1 discloses an LC alignment agent which is crosslinkable and photoreactive and contains benzyloxymethyl groups designated as crosslinkable groups. However, to initiate the crosslinking reaction of these benzyloxymethyl groups requires the presence of a strong acid, similar to phenol formaldehyde resin. However, these benzyloxymethyl groups do not react under the polymerization conditions as used for the compounds of formula I according to the invention. Therefore, CH in this application is not considered₂OCH₃Groups are considered to be within the meaning of the term "polymerizable group" as used herein.

The conditions for polymerizing the compound of formula I are preferably selected such that CH₂the-O-A substituent does not participate in the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the LC media disclosed and claimed in this application do not contain a photoacid or such that CH₂-another additive capable of participating in A crosslinking reaction of the O-A group.

The invention furthermore relates to compounds of the formula II

Pg-Sp-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_z-R^* II

Wherein Pg is OH, protected or masked hydroxyl, R^*Represents R or Pg-Sp-, and Sp, A¹、A²R, Z and z have the meanings given in formula I or the preferred meanings given above and below, A¹And A²At least one of which is substituted by at least one group L⁹Is substituted and A¹And A²At least one of which is substituted by at least one group L¹⁰And (4) substitution.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of compounds of the formula II as intermediates in the synthesis of polymerizable compounds, in particular those of the formula I.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for the synthesis of compounds of the formula I by esterification or etherification of compounds of the formula II with the corresponding acids, acid derivatives or halogenated compounds containing a polymerizable group P, where Pg denotes OH.

Detailed Description

When used in PSA displays, the compounds of formula I exhibit the following advantageous properties:

-a proper tilt within a certain process window is generated,

fast polymerization after UV treatment resulting in minimal residue of RM,

high voltage holding ratio after UV treatment,

-a good tilt stability of the tilt frame,

-a sufficient heat-resistant stability,

sufficient solubility in organic solvents typically used in display manufacturing.

In particular, the compounds of formula I combine a fast polymerization speed similar to that of terphenyl RM with good reliability parameters similar to that of biphenyl RM. This results in superior overall performance of the compound when used in PSA displays compared to prior art RMs.

It has been found that in the compounds of the formula I, one or more methoxymethylene substituents L on the benzene or naphthylene ring¹¹The presence of (a) enhances the excellent properties of the compound, such as a fast polymerization speed and good reliability. However, the substituent L¹¹And are not represented as polymerizable groups or crosslinkable groups that should participate in the polymerization reaction of the compound.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore relates to the use of compounds of the formula I in polymerization reactions, where the conditions for the polymerization of the group P are selected such that the methoxymethylene substituent or the group L¹¹Does not participate in the polymerization reaction.

Unless otherwise indicated, the compounds of formula I are preferably selected from achiral compounds.

As used herein, the terms "active layer" and "switchable layer" mean a layer comprising one or more molecules having structural and optical anisotropy (e.g., LC molecules) that change their orientation when subjected to an external stimulus, such as an electric or magnetic field, which results in a change in the transmittance of the layer for polarized or unpolarized light in an electro-optic display, such as an LC display.

As used herein, the terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" are understood to mean the tilted alignment of LC molecules of an LC medium with respect to the cell surface in an LC display, here preferably a PSA display. The tilt angle here means an average angle (<90 °) between the longitudinal molecular axis of the LC molecules (LC director) and the plane-parallel outer plates forming the LC cell. Here, a low value of the inclination angle (i.e. a large deviation from the 90 ° angle) corresponds to a large inclination. Suitable methods for measuring the tilt angle are given in the examples. Unless otherwise stated, the values of the tilt angle disclosed in the context are relevant to this measurement method.

As used herein, the terms "reactive mesogen" and "RM" are understood to mean a compound comprising a mesogenic or liquid crystalline backbone, and attached thereto one or more functional groups suitable for polymerization, and also referred to as "polymerizable groups" or "P".

The term "polymerizable compound" as used herein is understood to mean a polymerizable monomer compound, unless otherwise specified.

The SA-VA or SA-FFS according to the invention will have a polymer stable mode, since it comprises or is manufactured by using an LC medium comprising an RM of formula I. Thus, as used herein, the terms "SA-VA display" and "SA-FFS display" when referring to a display according to the present invention should be understood to refer to a polymer stabilized SA-VA or SA-FFS display, even if not explicitly mentioned.

As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" is understood to mean a compound that is monomeric and/or not prepared by polymerization, as opposed to a "polymeric compound" or a "polymer".

As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under the conditions typically applied to RM polymerization.

As used herein, the term "mesogenic group" is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, and it denotes a group that contributes substantially to the creation of a Liquid Crystal (LC) phase in low molecular weight or polymeric materials due to its anisotropic nature of attractive and repulsive interactions. The compound comprising mesogenic groups (mesogenic compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase per se. Mesogenic compounds may also exhibit LC phase behavior only after mixing with other compounds and/or after polymerization. Typical mesogenic groups are for example rigid rod-like or disk-like units. Terms and definitions used in relation to mesogenic or LC compounds are given in Pure appl.chem.2001, 73(5),888 and c.tschierske, g.pelzl, s.diele, angelw.chem.2004, 116, 6340-6368.

As used herein, the term "spacer group" (hereinafter also referred to as "Sp") is known to those skilled in the art and is described in the literature, see, e.g., Pure appl.chem.2001, 73(5),888 and c.tschierske, g.pelzl, s.diele, angelw.chem.2004, 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer group" means a flexible group, e.g. an alkylene group, which is attached to the mesogenic group or polymerizable group(s) in the polymerizable mesogenic compound.

In the context of this and other contexts,

represents a trans-1, 4-cyclohexylidene ring, and

represents a1, 4-phenylene ring.

In the groupThe single bond shown between two ring atoms may be attached to any free position of the benzene ring.

In this context "organic group" means a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

"carbon group" means a mono-or polyvalent organic group comprising at least one carbon atom, wherein the group does not comprise other atoms (e.g., -C.ident.C-) or optionally comprises one or more other atoms, such As N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge (e.g., carbonyl, etc.). The term "hydrocarbyl group" denotes a carbon group additionally comprising one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such As N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge.

"halogen" means F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl.

-CO-, -C (═ O) -, and-C (O) -represent a carbonyl group, i.e.

The carbon or hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated groups. Unsaturated groups are for example aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups. Carbon or hydrocarbyl groups having more than 3C atoms may be linear, branched and/or cyclic and may also contain spiro or fused rings.

The terms "alkyl", "aryl", "heteroaryl", and the like also include multivalent groups such as alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and the like.

The term "aryl" denotes an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" denotes an "aryl" group as defined above comprising one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon radicals are optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, very preferably 1 to 12C atoms, optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25C atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25C atoms, in which one or more C atoms may also be replaced by heteroatoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbyl groups are C₁-C₂₀Alkyl radical, C₂-C₂₀Alkenyl radical, C₂-C₂₀Alkynyl, C₃-C₂₀Allyl radical, C₄-C₂₀Alkyldienyl radical, C₄-C₂₀Polyalkenyl radical, C₆-C₂₀Cycloalkyl radical, C₄-C₁₅Cycloalkenyl radical, C₆-C₃₀Aryl radical, C₆-C₃₀Alkylaryl group, C₆-C₃₀Aralkyl radical, C₆-C₃₀Alkylaryloxy radical, C₆-C₃₀Arylalkoxy group, C₂-C₃₀Heteroaryl group, C₂-C₃₀A heteroaryloxy group.

Particularly preferred is C₁-C₁₂Alkyl radical, C₂-C₁₂Alkenyl radical, C₂-C₁₂Alkynyl, C₆-C₂₅Aryl and C₂-C₂₅A heteroaryl group.

Further preferred carbyl and hydrocarbyl radicals are straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl radicals having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono-or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CNAnd one or more non-adjacent CH therein₂The radicals may each, independently of one another, be substituted by-C (R)^x)＝C(R^x)-、-C≡C-、-N(R^x) -, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-are substituted in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not directly linked to one another.

R^xPreferably represents H, F, Cl, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein in addition one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, and wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or represents an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 30C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 30C atoms.

Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl and the like.

Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like.

Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl and the like.

Preferred alkoxy groups are, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy and the like.

Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, and the like.

Aryl and heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic, i.e. they may contain one ring (e.g. phenyl) or two or more rings, which may also be fused (e.g. naphthyl) or covalently bonded (e.g. biphenyl), or comprise a combination of fused and linked rings. Heteroaryl contains one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from O, N, S and Se.

Particularly preferred are mono-, bi-or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25C atoms and mono-, bi-or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Further preferred are 5-, 6-or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, wherein, in addition, one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S or O in such a way that O atoms and/or S atoms are not directly attached to each other.

Preferred aryl radicals are, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1 "]-terphenyl-2' -yl, naphthyl, anthryl, binaphthyl, phenanthryl, 9, 10-dihydro-phenanthryl, pyrene, dihydropyrene,Perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene (spirobifluorene), and the like.

Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2, 3-triazole, 1,2, 4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1, 2-thiazole, 1, 3-thiazole, 1,2, 3-oxadiazole, 1,2, 4-oxadiazole, 1,2, 5-oxadiazole, 1,3, 4-oxadiazole, 1,2, 3-thiadiazole, 1,2, 4-thiadiazole, 1,2, 5-thiadiazole, 1,3, 4-thiadiazole, 6-membered rings, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3, 5-triazine, 1,2, 4-triazine, 1,2, 3-triazine, 1,2,4, 5-tetrazine, 1,2,3, 4-tetrazine, 1,2,3, 5-tetrazine or fused radicals, such as indole, isoindole, indolizine, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, purine, naphthoimidazole, phenanthroimidazole, pyridoimidazole, pyrazinoimidazole, quinoxaloimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthooxazole, anthraoxazole, phenanthroioxazole, isoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5, 6-quinoline, benzo-6, 7-quinoline, benzo-7, 8-quinoline, benzisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzopyridazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarbazine, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno [2,3b ] thiophene, thieno [3,2b ] thiophene, Dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, benzothiadiazolethiophene, or combinations of these groups.

The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned above and below may also be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluoro, fluoroalkyl or other aryl or heteroaryl groups.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include both saturated rings, i.e. rings containing only single bonds, and partially unsaturated rings, i.e. those which may also contain multiple bonds. The heterocycle contains one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S and Se.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic, i.e. contain only one ring (e.g. cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e. contain multiple rings (e.g. decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are particularly preferred. Preference is furthermore given to mono-, bi-or tricyclic radicals having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Further preferred are 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered carbocyclic groups in which, in addition, one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and/or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and/or one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂The groups may be replaced by-O-and/or-S-.

Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups, such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine; 6-membered groups such as cyclohexane, silacyclohexane (silane), cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1, 3-dioxane, 1, 3-dithiane, piperidine; 7-membered groups, such as cycloheptane; and fused groups such as tetralin, decalin, indane, bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane-1, 3-diyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1, 4-diyl, spiro [3.3] heptane-2, 6-diyl, octahydro-4, 7-methanoindan-2, 5-diyl.

Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy; electron withdrawing groups such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile; or substituents which serve to raise the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, especially bulky groups such as tertiary butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups.

Preferred substituents, hereinafter also referred to as "L^S", is, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO₂、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(＝O)N(R^x)₂、-C(＝O)Y¹、-C(＝O)R^x、-N(R^x)₂Straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl, optionally substituted silyl (silyll) having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15C atoms.

Wherein R is^xRepresents H, F, Cl, CN, or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂-the radicals are optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that O-and/or S-atoms are not directly attached to one another, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, P-or P-Sp-, and

Y¹represents halogen.

"substituted silyl or aryl" preferably means that it is substituted by halogen, -CN, R⁰、-OR⁰、-CO-R⁰、-CO-O-R⁰、-O-CO-R⁰or-O-CO-O-R⁰Is substituted in which R⁰Represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20C atoms.

Particularly preferred substituents L^SFor example F, Cl, CN, NO₂、CH₃、C₂H₅、OCH₃、OC₂H₅、COCH₃、COC₂H₅、COOCH₃、COOC₂H₅、CF₃、OCF₃、OCHF₂、OC₂F₅And in addition phenyl.

Preferably, it is

Wherein L has one of the meanings indicated above.

The polymerizable group P is a group suitable for polymerization reactions, such as radical or ionic chain polymerization, addition polymerization or condensation polymerization, or for polymer-analogous transformation (e.g. addition or condensation on the polymer backbone). Particular preference is given to radicals for chain polymerization, in particular those which contain a C ═ C double bond or a-C ≡ C-triple bond, and radicals which are suitable for ring-opening polymerization, for example oxetanyl or epoxy.

Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of: CH (CH)₂＝CW¹-CO-O-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-、CH₂＝CW²-(O)_k3-、CW¹＝CH-CO-(O)_k3-、CW¹＝CH-CO-NH-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-NH-、CH₃-CH＝CH-O-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-OCO-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂CH-OCO-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-O-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂N-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂N-CO-、HO-CW²W³-、HS-CW²W³-、HW²N-、HO-CW²W³-NH-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-NH-、CH₂＝CH-(COO)_k1-Phe-(O)_k2-、CH₂＝CH-(CO)_k1-Phe-(O)_k2-, Phe-CH ═ CH-, HOOC-, OCN-and W⁴W⁵W⁶Si-, in which W¹Represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃Phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5C atomsEspecially H, F, Cl or CH₃，W²And W³Each independently of the other, H or an alkyl radical having 1 to 5C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W⁴、W⁵And W⁶Each independently of the others represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5C atoms, W⁷And W⁸Each independently of the other represents H, Cl or an alkyl group having 1 to 5C atoms, Phe represents 1, 4-phenylene which is optionally substituted by one or more groups L different from P-SP-as defined above, k₁、k₂And k₃Each independently of the other represents 0 or 1, k₃Preferably represents 1, and k₄Represents an integer of 1 to 10.

Very preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of: CH (CH)₂＝CW¹-CO-O-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-、 CH₂＝CW²-O-、CH₂＝CW²-、CW¹＝CH-CO-(O)_k3-、CW¹＝CH-CO-NH-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-NH-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-OCO-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂CH-OCO-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-O-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂N-、(CH₂＝CH-CH₂)₂N-CO-、CH₂＝CW¹-CO-NH-、CH₂＝CH-(COO)_k1-Phe-(O)_k2-、CH₂＝CH-(CO)_k1-Phe-(O)_k2-, Phe-CH ═ CH-and W⁴W⁵W⁶Si-, in which W¹Represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃Phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH₃，W²And W³Each independently of the other, H or an alkyl radical having 1 to 5C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl，W⁴、W⁵And W⁶Each independently of the others represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5C atoms, W⁷And W⁸Each independently of the other H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5C atoms, Phe 1, 4-phenylene, k₁、k₂And k₃Each independently of the other represents 0 or 1, k₃Preferably represents 1, and k₄Represents an integer of 1 to 10.

Very preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of: CH (CH)₂＝CW¹-CO-O-, in particular CH₂＝CH-CO-O-、CH₂＝C(CH₃) -CO-O-and CH₂CF-CO-O-, and also CH₂＝CH-O-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-O-CO-、(CH₂＝CH)₂CH-O-、

Other particularly preferred polymerizable groups P are selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy groups, most preferably from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate.

If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp '-X', so that each group P-Sp-corresponds to the formula P-Sp '-X' -, in which

Sp "represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12C atoms, which is optionally mono-or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and wherein, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals are each, independently of one another, -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (R)⁰)-、-Si(R⁰R⁰⁰)-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-、-S-CO-、-CO-S-、-N(R⁰⁰)-CO-O-、-O-CO-N(R⁰)-、-N(R⁰)-CO-N(R⁰⁰) -, -CH-or-C.ident.C-in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not directly attached to one another,

x' represents-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N (R)⁰)-、-N(R⁰)-CO-、-N(R⁰)-CO-N(R⁰⁰)-、-OCH₂-、-CH₂O-、-SCH₂-、-CH₂S-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CF₂S-、-SCF₂-、-CF₂CH₂-、-CH₂CF₂-、-CF₂CF₂-、-CH＝N-、-N＝CH-、-N＝N-、-CH＝CR⁰-、-CY²＝CY³-, -C.ident.C-, -CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH-or a single bond,

R⁰and R⁰⁰Each independently of the other represents H or an alkyl radical having 1 to 20C atoms, and

Y²and Y³Each representing H, F, Cl or CN independently of the other.

X' is preferably-O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR⁰-、-NR⁰-CO-、-NR⁰-CO-NR⁰⁰-or a single bond.

Typical spacer groups Sp and-Sp '-X' -are, for example, - (CH)₂)_p1-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-CO-、-(CH₂)_p1-CO-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-CO-O-、-(CH₂CH₂O)_q1-CH₂CH₂-、-CH₂CH₂-S-CH₂CH₂-、-CH₂CH₂-NH-CH₂CH₂-or- (SiR)⁰R⁰⁰-O)_p1-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R⁰And R⁰⁰Have the meaning indicated above.

Particularly preferred radicals Sp and-Sp '-X' -are- (CH)₂)_p1-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-CO-、-(CH₂)_p1-CO-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-CO-O-, wherein p1 and q1 have the meaning indicated above.

Particularly preferred radicals Sp "are in each case straight-chain ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethylene, propylene and butylenyl.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof contain a spacer group Sp substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P, such that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp (P)_sAnd s is not less than 2 (branched chain polymerizable group).

Preferred compounds of formula I according to this preferred embodiment are those wherein s is 2, i.e. containing the group Sp (P)₂The compound of (1). Very preferred compounds of formula I according to this preferred embodiment contain a group selected from the following formulae:

-X-alkyl-CHPP S1

-X-alkyl-CH((CH₂)_aaP)((CH₂)_bbP) S2

-X-N((CH₂)_aaP)((CH₂)_bbP) S3

-X-alkyl-CHP-CH₂-CH₂P S4

-X-alkyl-C(CH₂P)(CH₂P)-C_aaH_2aa+1 S5

-X-alkyl-CHP-CH₂P S6

-X-alkyl-CPP-C_aaH_2aa+1 S7

-X-alkyl-CHPCHP-C_aaH_2aa+1 S8

wherein P is as defined for formula I,

alkyl represents a single bond or a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12C atoms which is unsubstituted or mono-or polysubstituted with F, Cl or CN and in which one or more non-adjacent CH's are present₂The radicals may each, independently of one another, be-C (R) in such a way that O atoms and/or S atoms are not directly connected to one another⁰)＝C(R⁰)-、-C≡C-、-N(R⁰) -, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-substitution, wherein R is⁰Having the meaning as indicated above, and which,

aa and bb each, independently of one another, denote 0,1,2,3, 4,5 or 6,

x has one of the meanings indicated for X' and is preferably O, CO, SO₂O-CO-, CO-O or a single bond.

Preferred spacer groups Sp (P)₂Selected from the group consisting of formulas S1, S2, and S3.

Very preferred spacer groups Sp (P)₂Selected from the following subformulae:

-CHPP S1a

-O-CHPP S1b

-CH₂-CHPP S1c

-OCH₂-CHPP S1d

-CH(CH₂-P)(CH₂-P) S2a

-OCH(CH₂-P)(CH₂-P) S2b

-CH₂-CH(CH₂-P)(CH₂-P) S2c

-OCH₂-CH(CH₂-P)(CH₂-P) S2d

-CO-NH((CH₂)₂P)((CH₂)₂P) S3a

in the compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of: vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy groups, most preferably selected from acrylate and methacrylate groups.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof as described above and below, wherein all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning and very preferably represent an acrylate or methacrylate group, most preferably a methacrylate group.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and sub-formulae thereof as described above and below, wherein Sp represents a single bond or- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-(CH₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O- (CH)₂)_p1Wherein p1 is 2,3,4,5 or 6, and if Sp is-O- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O-(CH₂)_p1Then the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is attached to the benzene ring.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and sub-formulae thereof as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is a single bond.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and sub-formulae thereof as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is different from a single bond and is preferably selected from- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-(CH₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O- (CH)₂)_p1Wherein p1 is 2,3,4,5 or 6, and if Sp is-O- (CH)₂)_p1-、-O-CO-(CH₂)_p1or-CO-O- (CH)₂)_p1Then the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is attached to the benzene ring.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof as described above and below, wherein a is methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, very preferably methyl.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the group L⁹And L¹⁰To the same ring A¹Or A²。

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the group L⁹And L¹⁰To different rings A¹Or A²。

In the compounds of the formula I and the subformulae thereof, A¹And A²Preferably from phenylene-1, 4-diyl, phenylene-1, 3-diyl and naphthalene-2, 6-diyl, all optionally substituted by one or more groups L, L as defined for formula I⁹，L¹⁰Or P-Sp-substitution.

Preferred compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof are those wherein z is 1 and A¹And A²Selected from phenylene-1, 4-diyl and naphthalene-2, 6-diyl, all of which are optionally substituted by one or more groups L, L as defined for formula I⁹，L¹⁰Or P-Sp-substitution.

More preferred compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof are those wherein z is 2 and A¹And A²Those selected from the group consisting of phenylene-1, 4-diyl, phenylene-1, 3-diyl and naphthalene-2, 6-diyl,all of which are optionally substituted by one or more groups L, L as defined for formula I⁹，L¹⁰Or P-Sp-substitution.

More preferred are compounds of formula I and sub-formulae thereof as described above and below, wherein-A¹-(Z-A²)_z-is selected from the following formulae

Especially preferred are compounds of formula I and sub-formulae thereof as described above and below, wherein-A¹-(Z-A²)_z-is selected from formulae a1 and a 2.

Preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the following formulae

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

A，P，Sp，R^bhaving one of the meanings given in formula I or one of the preferred meanings given above and below,

L¹¹，L¹²，L¹³is F, Cl or-CH₂-O-A，

r1, r2, r3 are 0,1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, where r1+ r2+ r3 ≧ 2, r4, r5, r6 are 0,1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1,

r7, r8 is 0,1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, where r7+ r 9. ltoreq.3,

r9, r10 is 0,1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, where r8+ r 10. ltoreq.3,

wherein r7+ r9 is not more than 3, r8+ r10 is not more than 3, r7+ r8 is not less than 2 in formula I3, r1+ r7+ r8 is not less than 2 in formulae I4a and I4b, and

wherein the compound comprises at least one group L which is F or Cl, preferably F¹¹、L¹²Or L¹³And at least one is-CH₂Group L of-O-A¹¹、L¹²Or L¹³。

Preferred is where R is^bCompounds of formula I and I1-I5 are P-Sp.

More preferred is where R is^bCompounds of formula I and I1-I5 other than P-Sp.

Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae I1, I2 and I5.

Preferred compounds of formula I and I1 to I5 are selected from the following subformulae:

wherein P, Sp, L^11-16And r1-r10 have one of the meanings given for formula I or preferred meanings given above and below, Sp (P)₂Represents a spacer Sp substituted in the same or different positions by two polymerizable groups P, where r7+ r 9.ltoreq.3, r8+ r 10.ltoreq.3, r7+ r 8. gtoreq.2 in formula I3, and r1+ r7+ r 8. gtoreq.2 in formulae I4A to I4E, and where the compound comprises at least one group L which is F or Cl, preferably F¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³And at least one is-CH₂Group L of-O-A¹¹，L¹²Or L¹³。

More preferred compounds of formula I, I1 to I5 and I1A-I5C are selected from the following subformulae:

wherein P, Sp (P)₂And A has one of the meanings given in formula I or the preferred meanings given above and below, L has the meaning given for L¹⁴One of the meanings given, r is 0,1 or 2, and a is preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl.

Preference is given to compounds of the formulae I1A-1 to I5C-15 in which r is 0. More preferably wherein r is 1 or 2, preferably 1, and L is-CH₂-O-A, preferably-CH₂-O-C₂H₅or-CH₂-O-CH₃Very preferably-CH₂-O-CH₃Compounds of formulae I1A-1 to I5C-15. More preferred are compounds of formula I1A-1 to I5C-15 wherein r is 1 or 2 and L is F. More preferably wherein r is 1 or 2 and L is different from-CH₂-O-A and F of formulae I1A-1 to I5C-15.

More preferred compounds of formulae I, I1 to I5, I1A to I5C, and I1A-1 to I5C-15 are selected from the following subformulae:

wherein P, Sp and Sp (P)₂Having one of the meanings given in formula I or the preferred meanings given above and below, Sp 'and Sp' have one of the meanings given for Sp, and L^xIs H, F, -CH₂-O-CH₃，-CH₂-O-C₂H₅or-CH₂-O-C₃H₇Very preferred are H, F, -CH₂-O-CH₃or-CH₂-O-C₂H₅Most preferably H, F or-CH₂-O-CH₃。

Preferred compounds of formulae I1A-1-1 to I1A-3-6 and I2A-1-1 to I2A-9-6 are those wherein Sp and Sp' are both single bonds. More preferred compounds of formulae I1A-1-1 to I1A-3-6 and I2A-1-1 to I2A-9-6 are those wherein one of Sp and Sp' is a single bond and the other is different from the single bond.

Preferred compounds of formulae I1B-1-1 to I1B-4-4 are those wherein Sp, Sp ', and Sp' are all single bonds. More preferred compounds of formulae I1B-1 to I1B-4-4 are those wherein at least one of Sp, Sp ' and Sp ", preferably Sp is a single bond and at least one of Sp, Sp ' and Sp", preferably Sp ' and/or Sp ", is different from the single bond.

Preferred compounds of formulae I1C-1-1 to I1C-6-8 are those wherein Sp' is a single bond. More preferred compounds of formulae I1C-1-1 to I1C-6-8 are those wherein Sp' is other than a single bond.

More preferred compounds of the formulae I1A-1-1 to I2A-9-6 are those in which the radical-CH₂-O-CH₃is-CH₂-O-C₂H₅or-CH₂-O-C₃H₇Those that are substituted.

Preferred compounds of formula I and formula II and subformulae thereof are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof:

the compound comprises exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P),

the compound comprises exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by the group P),

p is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate and oxetane, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate,

-P is a methacrylate group,

-Pg is a hydroxyl group,

-all the groups Sp are single bonds,

-at least one group Sp is a single bond and at least one group Sp is different from a single bond,

when different from a single bond, Sp is- (CH)₂)_p2-、-(CH₂)_p2-O-、-(CH₂)_p2-CO-O-、-(CH₂)_p2-O-CO-wherein p2 is 2,3,4,5 or 6 and the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is attached to the benzene ring,

-Sp is a single bond or represents- (CH)₂)_p2-、-(CH₂)_p2-O-、-(CH₂)_p2-CO-O-、-(CH₂)_p2-O-CO-wherein p2 is 2,3,4,5 or 6 and the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is attached to the benzene ring,

-Sp(P)₂selected from the subformulae S11-S31,

-R^brepresents P-Sp-,

-R^bdo not represent or contain a polymerizable group,

-R^bdoes not represent or contain a polymerizable group and represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂-the groups are optionally replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that O-and/or S-atoms are not directly attached to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F or Cl,

-L^14-16selected from F, Cl, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy each having 1 to 6C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl,

the compounds containing two or more radicals-CH₂-O-A，

A is methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, very preferably methyl.

Very preferred compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof are selected from the subformulae:

very preferred compounds of formula II are those selected from the above sub-formulae I1 to I5, I1A to I5C, I1A-1 to I5C-15 and I1A-1-1 to I2A-9-6, wherein each P is replaced by Pg as defined in formula II.

Suitable protected hydroxy groups Pg for use in compounds of formula II and subformulae thereof are known to those skilled in the art. Preferred protecting groups for hydroxyl are alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, acyl, alkylsilyl, arylsilyl and arylmethyl, especially 2-tetrahydropyranyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, acetyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl or benzyl.

The term "masked hydroxyl group" is understood to mean any functional group which can be chemically converted into a hydroxyl group. Suitable masked hydroxyl groups Pg are known to those skilled in the art.

The compounds of formula II are suitable as intermediates for the preparation of compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof.

The invention further relates to the use of compounds of formula II as intermediates in the preparation of compounds of formula I and subformulae thereof.

The compounds of the formulae I and II and their subformulae and intermediates can be prepared analogously to the processes known and described in standard works of Organic Chemistry (for example in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemistry [ Methods of Organic Chemistry ], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart) by those skilled in the art.

For example, compounds of formula I may be synthesized by esterifying or etherifying an intermediate of formula II with the corresponding acid, acid derivative or halogenated compound containing a polymerizable group P, wherein Pg represents OH.

For example, acrylates or methacrylates can be prepared by esterification of the corresponding alcohol with an acid derivative such as (meth) acryloyl chloride or (meth) acrylic anhydride in the presence of a base such as pyridine or triethylamine and 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP). Alternatively, the esters may be prepared by esterification of an alcohol with (meth) acrylic acid in the presence of a dehydrating reagent, for example as in Steglich with Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N '-Ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) or N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N' -ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP.

Further suitable methods are shown in the examples.

To produce a PSA display, the polymerisable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerised or crosslinked (if one compound contains two or more polymerisable groups) by in situ polymerisation in the LC medium (between the substrates of the LC display), optionally while applying a voltage to the electrodes.

The structure of the PSA display according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry of a PSA display, as described in the prior art cited at the outset. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, wherein in addition, especially those in which the electrode on the color filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots (slots). A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for PS-VA displays is described, for example, in US 2006/0066793 a 1.

Preferred LC displays of the PSA type of the present invention comprise:

a first substrate comprising pixel electrodes defining pixel areas, the pixel electrodes being connected to a switching element arranged in each pixel area and optionally comprising a micro-slit pattern, and optionally a first alignment layer arranged on the pixel electrodes,

a second substrate comprising a common electrode layer (which may be arranged on the entire part of the second substrate facing the first substrate), and optionally a second alignment layer,

-an LC layer arranged between the first and second substrates and comprising an LC medium comprising a polymerisable component a and a liquid crystal component B as described above and below, wherein the polymerisable component a may also be polymerised.

The first and/or second alignment layer controls the alignment direction of LC molecules of the LC layer. For example, in PS-VA displays, the alignment layer is chosen to impart homeotropic (or homeotropic) alignment (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or tilt alignment to the LC molecules. Such alignment layers may for example comprise polyimide, which may also be rubbed, or may be prepared by a photo-alignment process.

The LC layer with the LC medium may be deposited between the substrates of the display by methods conventionally used by display manufacturers, such as the so-called One Drop Fill (ODF) method. The polymerisable components of the LC medium are then polymerised, for example by UV photopolymerisation. The polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

PSA displays may include other elements such as color filters, black matrices, passivation layers, optical retardation layers, transistor elements for individual pixel addressing, etc., all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and may be used without inventive skill.

The skilled person can design the electrode structure depending on the individual display type. For example, for PS-VA displays, the multidomain orientation of LC molecules may be induced to give rise to two, four or more differently tilted alignment directions by providing electrodes with slits and/or protrusions (bump) or protrusions.

After polymerization, the polymerizable compounds form crosslinked polymers, which lead to a certain pretilt of the LC molecules in the LC medium. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is believed that at least a portion of the crosslinked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound phase separates or precipitates out of the LC medium and forms a polymer layer on the substrate or electrode, or on an alignment layer provided thereon. Microscopic measurement data (e.g., SEM and AFM) have confirmed that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC/substrate interface.

The polymerization can be carried out in one step. It is also possible to first carry out the polymerization in a first step (optionally with simultaneous application of a voltage) in order to generate a pretilt angle and then to polymerize or crosslink the compounds which have not reacted in the first step in a second polymerization step without application of a voltage ("final cure").

Suitable and preferred polymerization methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerisation, preferably photopolymerisation, in particular UV-induced photopolymerisation, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compounds to UV radiation.

Optionally one or more polymerization initiators are added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for the polymerization and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literatureA description is given. Suitable for free-radical polymerization are, for example, the commercially available photoinitiatorsOr(Ciba AG). If a polymerization initiator is used, the proportion thereof is preferably from 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight.

The polymerisable compounds according to the invention are also suitable for initiator-free polymerisation, which is accompanied by considerable advantages, such as low material costs and in particular less contamination of the LC medium by possible residual amounts of initiator or degradation products thereof. The polymerization can therefore also be carried out without addition of initiator. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium therefore does not comprise a polymerization initiator.

The LC medium may also contain one or more stabilizers in order to prevent unwanted spontaneous polymerization of the RM, for example during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable are, for example, those commercially available fromstabilizers for series (Ciba AG), e.g.1076. If stabilizers are used, their proportion is preferably from 10 to 50,000ppm, particularly preferably from 50 to 5,000ppm, based on the total amount of RM or polymerizable components (component A).

In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises one or more chiral dopants, preferably in a concentration of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, very preferably from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. The chiral dopants are preferably selected from the compounds of Table B below, very preferably from R-or S-1011, R-or S-2011, R-or S-3011, R-or S-4011 and R-or S-5011.

In another preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises a racemate of one or more chiral dopants, preferably selected from the chiral dopants mentioned in the preceding paragraph.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more further stabilizers, preferably selected from the following formulae

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

R^a-dis a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, very preferably 1 to 4C atoms, most preferably methyl,

X^Sis H, CH₃OH or O^●，

A^SIs a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20C atoms, which is optionally substituted,

n is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 3.

Preferred stabilizers of formula S3 are selected from the group consisting of formula S3A

Wherein n2 is an integer from 1 to 12, and wherein the radical (CH)₂)_n2Optionally substituted with methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.

Very preferred stabilizers are selected from the following formulae

In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more stabilizers selected from the group consisting of formulas S1-1, S2-1, S3-1, S3-1, and S3-3.

In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more stabilizers selected from table C.

Preferably, the proportion of stabilizer analogous to the formula S1-S3 in the LC medium is from 10 to 500ppm, very preferably from 20 to 100 ppm.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises a self-alignment (SA) additive, preferably in a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5%.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises a self-alignment (SA) additive, preferably in a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5%. The LC medium according to this preferred embodiment is particularly suitable for use in SA-VA and SA-HB-FFS displays.

In a preferred embodiment, the SA-VA or SA-HB-FFS display according to the invention does not comprise a polyimide alignment layer. In another preferred embodiment, the SA-VA or SA-HB-FFS display according to preferred embodiments comprises a polyimide alignment layer.

Preferred SA additives for this preferred embodiment are selected from compounds comprising a mesogenic group and a linear or branched alkyl side chain terminating with one or more polar anchoring groups selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or thiol groups.

More preferred SA additives comprise one or more polymerizable groups attached to a mesogenic group, optionally via a spacer. These polymerizable SA additives can be polymerized in LC media under conditions similar to those applied for RMs in PSA processes.

Suitable SA additives for inducing homeotropic alignment, in particular for SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in US 2013/0182202 a1, US 2014/0838581 a1, US 2015/0166890 a1 and US 2015/0252265 a 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more SA additives selected from formula II.

MES-R^a II

Wherein the individual radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

MES is a rod-like mesogenic group comprising two or more rings which are directly or indirectly connected to each other or are fused to each other, which is optionally substituted, and which is optionally additionally substituted by one or more polymerizable groups which are directly connected to or via a spacer to MES, and

R^ais a polar anchoring group, located in a terminal position of the rod-like group MES, comprising at least one carbon atom and at least one group selected from-OH, -SH, -COOH, -CHO or a primary or secondary amine function, preferably one or two OH groups, and which optionally comprises one or two polymerizable groups P,

p has one of the meanings given in formula I or one of the preferred meanings given above and below.

The self-aligning additive comprising polymerisable groups may be polymerised in an LC medium under conditions similar to those applied to RMs in PSA processes.

Preferably, in the self-aligning additive of formula II, the group MES comprises two or more rings selected from the aromatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic groups defined above, including their preferred meanings. The most preferred ring is 1, 4-phenylene, which may be L as defined below¹²And P-Sp-substituted, or 1, 4-cyclohexylene.

In formula II, the radical MES is preferably a radical selected from the following structures, which may be substituted by any substituents L¹²And P-Sp-mono or polysubstitution:

wherein

L¹²In each case independently of one another F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO₂，-NCO，-NCS，-OCN，-SCN，-C(＝O)N(R⁰)₂，-C(＝O)R⁰Optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20C atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 25C atoms, where in addition one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl,

p represents a polymerizable group, and

sp represents a spacer group or a single bond,

and the dotted line represents a polar anchoring group R^aThe attachment point of (a).

Preferably, the self-aligning additive for homeotropic alignment is selected from the group consisting of formula IIa

R²¹-[A²²-Z²²]_m2-A²²-R^a IIa

Wherein

A²¹，A²²Each independently of the others, represents an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group which may also contain fused rings and may also be interrupted by a group L¹²or-Sp-P mono-or polysubstituted,

L¹²in each case independently of one another F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO₂，-NCO，-NCS，-OCN，-SCN，-C(＝O)N(R⁰)₂，-C(＝O)R⁰Optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20C atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 25C atoms, where in addition one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl,

p represents a polymerizable group, and P represents a polymerizable group,

sp represents a spacer group or a single bond,

Z²²in each case independently of one another, represents a single bond, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH₂-，-CH₂O-，-SCH₂-，-CH₂S-，-CF₂O-，-OCF₂-，-CF₂S-，-SCF₂-，-(CH₂)_n1-，-CF₂CH₂-，-CH₂CF₂-，-(CF₂)_n1-，-CH＝CH-，-CF＝CF-，-C≡C-，-CH＝CH-COO-，-OCO-CH＝CH-，-(CR⁰R⁰⁰)_n1-，-CH(-Sp-P)-，-CH₂CH- (-Sp-P) -, or-CH (-Sp-P) CH (-Sp-P) -,

n1 represents a number of atoms of 1,2,3 or 4,

m2 represents 1,2,3,4,5 or 6,

R⁰in each case independently of one another denote alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms,

R⁰⁰in each case independently of one another, H or alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms,

R²¹independently of one another, H, halogen, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25C atoms, where, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals may each be replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-or-O-CO-O-in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, or a P-Sp-group, and

R^aas defined above, preferably represents a polar anchoring group, which is further defined as having at least one group selected from-OH, -NH₂，-NHR²²C (O) OH and-CHO, wherein R²²Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12C atoms.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium or polymer stabilized SA-VA display according to the present invention comprises one or more self-aligning additives selected from table E below.

Anchoring group R of self-aligning additive^aMore preferably defined as an anchoring group of the formula

Wherein

p represents a number of 1 or 2,

q represents a number of 2 or 3,

b represents a substituted or unsubstituted ring system or a condensed ring system, preferably a ring system selected from benzene, pyridine, cyclohexane, dioxane or tetrahydropyran,

y, which are identical or different on each occurrence, denotes-O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -NR¹¹-or a single bond,

o represents a number of 0 or 1,

X¹represent, identically or differently on each occurrence, H, alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, OH, NH₂，NHR²²，NR²² ₂，OR²²C (O) OH, or-CHO,

wherein at least one group X¹Represents a group selected from-OH, -NH₂，-NHR²²C (O) OH, and-CHO,

R²²represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12C atoms,

Sp^a，Sp^c，Sp^deach independently of the other represents a spacer group or a single bond, and

Sp^brepresents a tri-or tetravalent group, preferably CH, N or C.

Formulas II and IIa optionally include polymerizable compounds. In the present application, "medium comprising a compound of formula II/IIa" refers to both a medium comprising a compound of formula II/IIa and alternatively a medium comprising a polymerized form of said compound.

In case one or more compounds of formula II are substituted by one or more polymerizable groups (-Sp-P), the LC medium according to the invention comprises

Polymerizable component A) comprising, preferably consisting of, polymerizable compounds, at least one of which is a compound of the formula I and at least one of which is a compound of the formula II,

liquid crystal component B), hereinafter also referred to as "LC host mixture", comprising, preferably consisting of, one or more mesogenic or liquid crystal compounds.

In formula IIa and its subformulaeIn the compound of (1), Z²²Preferably represents a single bond, -C₂H₄-，-CF₂O-or-CH₂O-is formed. In a particularly preferred embodiment, Z²²Represents a single bond.

In the compounds of the formula IIa, the group L¹²Independently of one another in each case preferably denotes F or alkyl, preferably CH₃，C₂H₅Or C₃H₇。

Preferred compounds of the formula IIa are illustrated by the following sub-formulae II-A to II-D

Wherein R is²¹，R^a，A²²，Z²²Sp, P and L¹²Having the meaning defined above for formula IIa,

m2 is independently 1,2 or 3, and

r1 is independently 0,1,2,3, or 4, preferably 0,1 or 2.

In the compounds of the formulae II-A to II-D, L¹²Preferably represents F or alkyl, preferably CH₃，C₂H₅Or C₃H₇。

In a preferred embodiment, r1 represents 0.

The polymerizable group P of the formulae II, IIa, II-A to II-D is preferably a methacrylate group, an acrylate group or another substituted acrylate group, most preferably a methacrylate group.

In this context, the formulae IIa or II-A to II-D and their subformulae, Z²²Preferably independently represents a single bond or-CH₂CH₂-, and very particularly represents a single bond.

R^aPreferred expression(s)

Wherein

p is 1,2,3,4,5 or 6,

x is 1 or 0, preferably 1, and

R²³is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or-CH₂CH₂-tert-butyl

R^aPreferably represents-O (CH)₂)₂-OH，-O(CH₂)₃-OH，

In the sub-formulae of the formulae IIa and IIa, R²¹Preferably represents a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8C atoms, preferably a linear alkyl group. In the compounds of the formula IIa or II-A to II-D, R¹More preferably CH₃，C₂H₅，n-C₃H₇，n-C₄H₉，n-C₅H₁₁，n-C₆H₁₃Or CH₂CH(C₂H₅)C₄H₉。R²¹Furthermore may represent an alkenyloxy radical, in particular OCH₂CH＝CH₂，OCH₂CH＝CHCH₃，OCH₂CH＝CHC₂H₅Or alkoxy, especially OC₂H₅，OC₃H₇，OC₄H₉，OC₅H₁₁And OC₆H₁₃. Particular preference is given to R²¹Denotes straight-chain alkyl, preferably C₅H₁₁。

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium comprises a polymerizable compound of formula II.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium or polymer stabilized SA-VA or SA-FFS display according to the invention comprises one or more self-aligning additives selected from table E below.

In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more SA additives, preferably selected from formula II or a subformula thereof or from table E, in a concentration of from 0.1% to 5%, very preferably from 0.2% to 3%, most preferably from 0.2% to 1.5%.

The polymerizable compounds of formula I do in particular show good UV absorption and are therefore particularly suitable for use in a method for the production of PSA displays comprising one or more of the following features:

-exposing the polymerizable medium in the display to UV light in a 2-step process comprising a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to create an oblique angle and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization,

exposure of the polymerizable medium in the display to UV light generated by an energy-saving UV lamp (also referred to as "green UV lamp"). These lamps are characterized by a relatively low intensity in their absorption spectra at 300-380nm (1/100-1/10 of conventional UV1 lamps) and are preferably used in the UV2 step, but optionally also in the UV1 step when avoiding high intensities is necessary for the process.

Exposure of the polymerizable medium in the display to UV light generated by a UV lamp with a radiation spectrum shifted to longer wavelengths, preferably 340nm or longer, to avoid short UV light exposure in the PS-VA process.

Both low intensity and UV shifted to longer wavelengths are used to protect the organic layers from damage that may be caused by UV light.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of making a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features:

-the polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light in a 2-step process, the 2-step process comprising a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to create an oblique angle and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization,

exposure of the polymerisable LC medium to light generated by a UV lamp with 0.5mW/cm²To 10mW/cm²Preferably in the wavelength range of 300-380nm, preferably for the UV2 step, and optionally also for the UV1 step,

-exposure of the polymerizable LC medium to UV light having a wavelength of 340nm or more, and preferably 400nm or less.

Such a preferred method is for example performed by using a desired UV lamp, or by using a band-pass filter and/or a cut-off filter, which is substantially transmissive for UV light having a respective desired wavelength and substantially blocks UV light having a respective undesired wavelength. For example, when irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ of 300-400nm is desired, the UV exposure may be performed using a wide band-pass filter that is substantially transmissive for wavelengths of 300nm < λ <400 nm. When radiation of UV light having a wavelength λ greater than 340nm is desired, the UV exposure may be performed using a cut-off filter that is substantially transmissive for λ >340nm wavelengths.

By "substantially transmissive" is meant that the filter transmits a majority, preferably at least 50%, of the intensity of incident light of the desired wavelength. By "substantially block" is meant that the filter does not transmit a substantial portion, preferably at least 50%, of the intensity of incident light of an undesired wavelength. "desired (undesired) wavelengths", for example in the case of a band-pass filter, means wavelengths within (outside) a given lambda range, and in the case of a cut-off filter, wavelengths above (below) a given lambda value.

This preferred method makes it possible to manufacture the display by using longer UV wavelengths, thereby reducing or even avoiding the harmful and damaging effects of short UV light components.

The UV radiation energy is typically 6 to 100J, depending on the production process conditions.

The LC media according to the invention preferably do consist essentially of polymerizable component a), or one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I as described above and below, and LC component B) or an LC host mixture. However, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more further components or additives, preferably selected from the list including, but not limited to: comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobing agents, binders, flow improvers, defoamers, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles.

Particularly preferred are LC media comprising one, two or three polymerisable compounds of formula I.

Preference is furthermore given to LC media in which the polymerizable component a) comprises only polymerizable compounds of the formula I.

Preference is furthermore given to LC media in which the liquid-crystalline component B) or the LC host mixture has a nematic LC phase and preferably no chiral liquid-crystalline phase.

The LC component B) or the LC host mixture is preferably a nematic LC mixture.

Preference is furthermore given to achiral compounds of the formula I and LC media in which the compounds of the components a and/or B are selected exclusively from the group consisting of achiral compounds.

Preferably, the proportion of polymerizable component a) in the LC medium is >0 to < 5%, very preferably >0 to < 1%, most preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.

Preferably, the proportion of compounds of formula I in the LC medium is >0 to < 5%, very preferably >0 to < 1%, most preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.

Preferably, the proportion of component B) in the LC medium is 95 to < 100%, very preferably 99 to < 100%.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable compounds of the polymerizable component B) are selected exclusively from the formula I.

In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable component B) comprises, in addition to the compounds of the formula I, one or more further polymerizable compounds ("comonomers"), preferably selected from RM.

Suitable and preferred mesogenic comonomers are selected from the following formulae:

wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings:

P¹、P²and P³Each independently of the other being an acrylate or methacrylate group, Sp¹、Sp²And Sp³Each independently of the others, represents a single bond or a spacer group (having one of the meanings as described above and below for Sp), and particularly preferably represents- (CH)₂)_p1-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-CO-O-、-(CH₂)_p1-O-CO-or- (CH)₂)_p1-O-CO-O-, wherein P1 is an integer from 1 to 12, further wherein the group P¹-Sp¹-、P¹-Sp²-and P³-Sp³One or more of-may represent R^aaProvided that the group P present¹-Sp¹-、P²-Sp²-and P³-Sp³At least one of-is different from R^aa，

R^aaRepresents H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25C atoms, wherein one or more further non-adjacent CH' s₂The radicals may also be independently of one another substituted by C (R)⁰)＝C(R⁰⁰)-、-C≡C-、-N(R⁰) -, -O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-are replaced in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and wherein one or more further H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P¹-Sp¹-alternatively, particularly preferably straight-chain or branched, optionally mono-or polyfluoro-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkane having 1 to 12C atomsOxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy (wherein alkenyl and alkynyl have at least two C-atoms and the branching group has at least three C-atoms),

R⁰、R⁰⁰each independently of one another and identically or differently on each occurrence denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 12C atoms,

R^yand R^zEach representing H, F, CH independently of each other₃Or CF₃,

X¹、X²And X³Each independently of the others represents-CO-O-, -O-CO-or a single bond,

Z¹represents-O-, -CO-, -C (R)^yR^z) -or-CF₂CF₂-,

Z²And Z³Each independently of the others represents-CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-or- (CH)₂)_n-, where n is 2,3 or 4,

l represents, identically or differently on each occurrence, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched, optionally mono-or polyfluoro-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1 to 12C atoms, preferably F,

l 'and L' each independently of the other denote H, F or Cl,

k represents a number of 0 or 1,

r represents 0,1,2,3 or 4,

s represents 0,1,2 or 3,

t represents 0,1 or 2,

x represents 0 or 1.

Particularly preferred are compounds of formula M2, M13, M17, M22, M23, M24, M30, M31 and M32.

More preferred are the tri-reactive compounds M15 to M32, in particular M17, M18, M19, M22, M23, M24, M25, M26, M30, M31 and M32.

In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable component B) comprises, in addition to the compounds of the formula I, one or more comonomers selected from the group D of the following table.

In the compounds of the formulae M1 to M32, the radicals

Preference is given to

Wherein L, identically or differently on each occurrence, has one of the meanings given above and below, and is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO₂、CH₃、C₂H₅、C(CH₃)₃、CH(CH₃)₂、CH₂CH(CH₃)C₂H₅、OCH₃、OC₂H₅、COCH₃、COC₂H₅、COOCH₃、COOC₂H₅、CF₃、OCF₃、OCHF₂、OC₂F₅Or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH₃、C₂H₅、OCH₃、COCH₃、OCF₃Or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH₃、OCH₃、COCH₃Or OCF₃In particular F or CH₃。

In addition to the polymerisable compounds described above, the LC medium for LC displays according to the invention comprises an LC mixture ("host mixture") comprising one or more, preferably two or more, LC compounds selected from non-polymerisable low molecular weight compounds. These LC compounds are selected such that they are stable and/or non-reactive to the polymerization reaction under the conditions applied to the polymerization of the polymerizable compound.

In principle, any LC mixture suitable for use in conventional displays is suitable as host mixture. Suitable LC mixtures are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature, for example in the case of VA displays in EP 1378557 a1 and in the case of OCB displays in EP 1306418 a1 and DE 10224046 a 1.

The polymerisable compounds of formula I are especially suitable for LC host mixtures comprising one or more mesogenic or LC compounds containing alkenyl groups (hereinafter also referred to as "alkenyl compounds") which are stable to the polymerisation reaction under the conditions used for polymerising the compounds of formula I and other polymerisable compounds comprised in the LC medium. Compared to RMs known from the prior art, the compounds of the formula I exhibit improved properties in this LC host mixture, such as solubility, reactivity or the ability to generate tilt angles.

Thus, in addition to the polymerisable compounds of formula I, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more mesogenic or liquid crystalline compounds containing an alkenyl group ("alkenyl compounds"), wherein this alkenyl group is preferably stable to the polymerisation reaction under the conditions used for polymerising the polymerisable compound of formula I or for polymerising other polymerisable compounds comprised in the LC medium.

The alkenyl group in the alkenyl compounds is preferably selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl groups having in particular 2 to 25C atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12C atoms, in addition to one or more non-adjacent CH₂A group may be replaced by-O-, -S-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-in such a way that O atoms and/or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F and/or Cl.

Preferred alkenyl radicals are straight-chain alkenyl and cyclohexenyl radicals having 2 to 7C atoms, in particular the vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1, 4-cyclohex-1-yl and 1, 4-cyclohex-3-yl radicals.

The concentration of the alkenyl containing compound in the LC host mixture (i.e. without any polymerisable compounds) is preferably from 5% to 100%, very preferably from 20% to 60%.

Particularly preferred are LC mixtures containing 1 to 5, preferably 1,2 or 3 compounds having an alkenyl group.

The mesogenic and LC compounds containing alkenyl groups are preferably selected from the formulae AN and AY as defined below.

In addition to the polymerizable component a) as described above, the LC medium according to the invention comprises an LC component B) or an LC host mixture comprising one or more, preferably two or more, LC compounds selected from the group of non-polymerizable low molecular weight compounds. These LC compounds are selected such that they are stable and/or non-reactive to the polymerization reaction under the conditions applied to the polymerization of the polymerizable compound.

In a first preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains an LC component B) or an LC host mixture based on a compound having a negative dielectric anisotropy. The LC medium is particularly suitable for PS-VA and PS-UB-FFS displays. Particularly preferred embodiments of this LC medium are those of the following sections a) to z 3):

a) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulae CY and PY:

wherein

a represents a number of 1 or 2,

b represents a number of 0 or 1,

to represent

R¹And R²Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals may also be replaced by-O-, -CH-, -CO-, -OCO-or-COO-in such a way that the O atoms are not linked directly to one another, preferably alkyl or alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

Z^xand Z^yEach independently of the other represents-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CH-CH₂O-or a single, preferably single,

L^1-4each independently of the others represents F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F、CHF₂。

Preferably, L¹And L²Both represent F, or L¹And L²One of them represents F and the other represents Cl, or L³And L⁴Both represent F, or L³And L⁴One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

The compound of formula CY is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein a represents 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. alkenyl preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

The compound of formula PY is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. alkenyl preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

b) LC medium, wherein said component B) or LC host mixture comprises one or more mesogenic or LC compounds (hereinafter also referred to as "alkenyl compounds") comprising alkenyl groups, wherein said alkenyl groups are stable to polymerization under the polymerization conditions used for the polymerizable compounds contained in the LC medium.

Preferably, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more alkenyl compounds selected from the group consisting of AN and AY

Wherein the individual radicals are identical or different on each occurrence and each, independently of one another, has the following meanings:

to represent

To represent

R^A1Is alkenyl having 2 to 9C atoms, or R if at least one of rings X, Y and Z represents cyclohexenyl^A1Also has R^A2In one of the meaning of (a),

Z^xis-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CH-CH₂O-, or a single bond, preferably a single bond,

L^1,2is H, F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F or CHF₂H, preferably H, F or Cl,

x is 1 or 2, and the compound is,

z is 0 or 1.

Preferred compounds of the formulae AN and AY are those in which R^A2Selected from the group consisting of ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and heptenyl.

In a preferred embodiment, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds of formula AN selected from the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the other represents a linear alkyl radical having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 7C atoms. alkinyl and alkinyl^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

Preferably, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula AN1, AN2, AN3 and AN6, very preferably one or more compounds of formula AN 1.

In another preferred embodiment, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds of formula AN selected from the following subformulae:

wherein m represents 1,2,3,4. In 5 or 6, i represents 0,1,2 or 3, and R^b1Representative H, CH₃Or C₂H₅。

In another preferred embodiment, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds selected from the following subformulae:

most preferred are compounds of formula AN1a2 and AN1a 5.

In another preferred embodiment, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds of formula AY selected from the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the other represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, "(O)" represents an O-atom or a single bond, and alkinyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 7C atoms. alkinyl and alkinyl^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

In another preferred embodiment, component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds of formula AY selected from the following subformulae:

wherein m and n each, independently of one another, denote 1,2,3,4,5 or 6, and alkinyl denotes CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

Preferably, the proportion of compounds of the formulae AN and AY in the LC medium is from 2 to 70% by weight, very preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, most preferably from 10 to 50% by weight.

Preferably, the LC medium or LC host mixture contains 1 to 5, preferably 1,2 or 3 compounds selected from the group consisting of formula AN and AY.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula AY14, very preferably AY14 a. The proportion of compounds of the formula AY14 or AY14a in the LC medium is preferably 3 to 20% by weight.

The addition of alkenyl compounds of the formula AN and/or AY makes it possible to reduce the viscosity and the response time of the LC medium.

c) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings:

to represent

To represent

Z^yrepresents-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CH-CH₂O-or a single bond, preferably a single bond.

The compound of formula ZK is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms. alkenyl preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

Especially preferred are compounds of formula ZK 1.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula ZK are selected from the following subformulae:

wherein propyl, butyl and pentyl are linear groups.

Most preferred are compounds of formula ZK1 a.

d) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

wherein the individual radicals, identically or differently on each occurrence, have the following meanings:

R⁵and R⁶Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals may be replaced by-O-, -CH ═ CH-, -CO-, -OCO-or-COO-in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6C atoms,

to represent

To representAnd e represents 1 or 2.

The compound of formula DK is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms. alkenyl preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

e) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings:

to represent

Wherein at least one ring F is different from cyclohexylene,

f represents a number of 1 or 2,

R¹and R²Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂A group may be replaced by-O-, -CH ═ CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, or-COO-in such a way that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other,

Z^xrepresents-CH₂CH₂-、-CH＝CH-、-CF₂O-、-OCF₂-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CH＝CH-CH₂O-or a single, preferably single,

L¹and L²Each independently of the others represents F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F、CHF₂。

Preferably, the group L¹And L²Both represent F, or a group L¹And L²One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

The compound of formula LY is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is¹Having the meaning given above, alkyl represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v represents an integer of 1 to 6. R¹Preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms, in particular CH₃、C₂H₅、n-C₃H₇、n-C₄H₉、n-C₅H₁₁、CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

f) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

wherein alkyl represents C_1-6Alkyl radical, L^xRepresents H or F, and X represents F, Cl, OCF₃、OCHF₂Or OCH ═ CF₂. Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula G1, wherein X denotes F.

g) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R is⁵Having the above for R¹In one of the meanings given, alkyl represents C_1-6-alkyl, d represents 0 or 1, and z and m each, independently of the others, represent an integer from 1 to 6. R in these compounds⁵Particularly preferably C_1-6-alkyl or-alkoxy or C_2-6-alkenyl, d is preferably 1. The LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of the above-mentioned formula in an amount of > 5% by weight.

h) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more biphenyl compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the other represents a linear alkyl radical having 1 to 6C atoms, and alkinyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms. alkinyl and alkinyl^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

The proportion of biphenyls of the formulae B1 to B3 in the LC host mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, in particular ≥ 5% by weight.

The compounds of the formula B2 are particularly preferred.

The compounds of formulae B1 to B3 are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl^*Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms. The media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise one or more compounds of the formulae B1a and/or B2 c.

i) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more terphenyl compounds of the formula:

wherein R is⁵And R⁶Each independently of the other having one of the meanings indicated above and

each independently of the other represents:

wherein L is⁵Represents F or Cl, preferably F, and L⁶Represents F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F or CHF₂Preferably F.

The compound of formula T is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7C atoms, R^*Represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 7C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and m represents an integer of 1 to 6. R^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy.

The LC host mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise terphenyls of the formula T and their preferred subformulae, preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 30% by weight, in particular from 1 to 20% by weight.

Compounds of the formulae T1, T2, T3 and T21 are particularly preferred. In these compounds, R preferably represents alkyl and also alkoxy, each having 1 to 5C atoms.

If the Δ n value of the mixture is ≧ 0.1, terphenyl is preferably used in the LC medium according to the invention. Preferred LC media comprise 2-20 wt.% of one or more terphenyl compounds of formula T, preferably selected from compounds T1 to T22.

k) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more quaterphenyl compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

wherein

R^QIs alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9C atoms, or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9C atoms, all of which are optionally fluorinated,

X^Qis F, Cl, haloalkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6C atoms, or haloalkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 6C atoms,

L^Q1to L^Q6Independently of one another are H or F, wherein L^Q1To L^Q6Is F.

Preferred compounds of formula Q are those wherein R is^QThose representing straight-chain alkyl groups having 2 to 6C atoms (ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl being very preferred).

Preferred compounds of formula Q are those wherein L^Q3And L^Q4Those that are F. Further preferred compounds of the formula Q are those in which L^Q3、L^Q4And L^Q1And L^Q2One or both of which are those of F.

Preferred compounds of formula Q are those wherein X^QRepresents F or OCF₃(very preferably F).

The compound of formula Q is preferably selected from the following subformulae

Wherein R is^QHas one of the meanings of the formula Q or one of its preferred meanings given above and below, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

Especially preferred are compounds of formula Q1, especially wherein R^QThose which are n-propyl.

Preferably, the proportion of compounds of the formula Q in the LC host mixture is from >0 to ≦ 5 wt.%, very preferably 0.1 to 2 wt.%, most preferably 0.2 to 1.5 wt.%.

Preferably, the LC host mixture contains 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2 compounds of formula Q.

The addition of the quaterphenyl compound of formula Q to the LC host mixture can reduce ODF color difference while maintaining high UV absorption, can enable fast and complete polymerization, can enable strong and fast tilt angle generation, and increases UV stability of the LC medium.

Furthermore, the addition of compounds of the formula Q having a positive dielectric anisotropy to LC media having a negative dielectric anisotropy allows a better control of the dielectric constant ε_||And ε_⊥A value of (c), in particular a high dielectric constant ε_||The value while keeping the dielectric anisotropy Δ ∈ constant, thereby reducing the kickback voltage and reducing image sticking.

l) an LC medium in which component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula C:

wherein

R^CRepresents alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9C atoms, or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9C atoms, all of which are optionally fluorinated,

X^Crepresents F, Cl, a haloalkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6C atoms, or a haloalkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6C atoms,

L^C1、L^C2independently of one another, H or F, wherein L^C1And L^C2Is F.

Preferred compounds of the formula C are those in which R^CThose representing straight-chain alkyl groups having 2 to 6C atoms (ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl being very preferred).

Preferred compounds of the formula C are those wherein L^C1And L^C2Those that are F.

Preferred compounds of the formula C are those in which X^CRepresents F or OCF₃(very preferably F).

Preferred compounds of formula C are selected from the following formulae

Wherein R is^CHas one of the meanings of the formula C or one of its preferred meanings given above and below, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, very preferably n-propyl.

Preferably, the proportion of compounds of the formula C in the LC host mixture is >0 to ≦ 10 wt.%, very preferably 0.1 to 8 wt.%, most preferably 0.2 to 5 wt.%.

Preferably, the LC host mixture contains 1 to 5, preferably 1,2 or 3 compounds of formula C.

Addition of compounds of the formula C having a positive dielectric anisotropy to LC media having a negative dielectric anisotropy allows a better control of the dielectric constant ε_||And ε_⊥A value of (c), in particular a high dielectric constant ε_||The value while keeping the dielectric anisotropy Δ ∈ constant, thereby reducing the kickback voltage and reducing image sticking. Furthermore, the addition of the compounds of the formula C makes it possible to reduce the viscosity and the response time of the LC medium.

m) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R is¹And R²Have the meanings indicated above and preferably each, independently of one another, denote a compound having 1 to 6C atomsA linear alkyl group or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms.

Preferred media comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae O1, O3 and O4.

n) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

whereinTo represent

R⁹Representation H, CH₃、C₂H₅Or n-C₃H₇(F) represents an optional fluoro substituent, and q represents 1,2 or 3, and R⁷With respect to R¹In one of the indicated meanings, preferably in an amount of>3% by weight, in particular ≥ 5% by weight, very particularly preferably 5-30% by weight.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula FI are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is⁷Preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl group, and R⁹Represents CH₃、C₂H₅Or n-C₃H₇. Particularly preferred are compounds of the formulae FI1, FI2 and FI 3.

o) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R is⁸With respect to R¹The meanings indicated, and alkyl represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms.

p) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more compounds containing tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units, for example compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

wherein

R¹⁰And R¹¹Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals may be replaced by-O-, -CH ═ CH-, -CO-, -OCO-or-COO-in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6C atoms,

and R is¹⁰And R¹¹Preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6C atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms, and

Z¹and Z²Each independently of the other represents-C₂H₄-、-CH＝CH-、-(CH₂)₄-、-(CH₂)₃O-、-O(CH₂)₃-、-CH＝CH-CH₂CH₂-、-CH₂CH₂CH＝CH-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂F₄-、-CF＝CF-、-CF＝CH-、-CH＝CF-、-CH₂-or a single bond.

q) an LC medium wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more difluorodibenzochromans and/or chromans of the formula:

wherein

R¹¹And R¹²Each independently of the others, having the above meanings for R¹¹In one of the meanings indicated, the compound is,

ring M is trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene or 1, 4-phenylene,

Z^mis-C₂H₄-、-CH₂O-、-OCH₂-, -CO-O-or-O-CO-,

c is 0,1 or 2,

preferably, it is present in an amount of from 3 to 20% by weight, in particular in an amount of from 3 to 15% by weight.

Particularly preferred compounds of formulae BC, CR and RC are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein alkyl and alkyl^*Each independently of the otherIs a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, (O) is an oxygen atom or a single bond, C is 1 or 2, and alkinyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms. alkinyl and alkinyl^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

Very particular preference is given to LC host mixtures which comprise one, two or three compounds of the formula BC-2.

r) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more fluorinated phenanthrenes and/or dibenzofurans of the formula:

wherein R is¹¹And R¹²Each independently of the others, having the above meanings for R¹¹In one of the indicated meanings, b represents 0 or 1, L represents F and r represents 1,2 or 3.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula PH and BF are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R and R' each independently of one another represent a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 7C atoms.

s) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture additionally comprises one or more monocyclic compounds of the formula

Wherein

R¹And R²Each independently of the other represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 12C atoms, wherein furthermore one or two non-adjacent CH groups₂The radicals may be replaced by-O-, -CH-, -CO-, -OCO-or-COO-in such a way that O atoms are not bonded directly to one another, preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6C atoms,

L¹and L²Each independently of the others represents F, Cl, OCF₃、CF₃、CH₃、CH₂F、CHF₂。

Preferably, L¹And L²Both represent F, or L¹And L²One of which represents F and the other represents Cl,

the compound of formula Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

among them, Alkyl and Alkyl^*Each independently of the others, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6C atoms, Alkoxy a straight-chain Alkoxy group having 1 to 6C atoms, alkinyl and alkinyl^*Each independently of the others, represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6C atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkinyl and alkinyl^*Preferably represents CH₂＝CH-、CH₂＝CHCH₂CH₂-、CH₃-CH＝CH-、CH₃-CH₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₂-CH＝CH-、CH₃-(CH₂)₃-CH ═ CH-or CH₃-CH＝CH-(CH₂)₂-。

Particularly preferred compounds of formula Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein Alkoxy preferably denotes a linear Alkoxy group having 3,4 or 5C atoms.

t) LC Medium which, apart from the polymerisable compounds as described above and below, does not comprise a compound containing a terminal ethyleneoxy group (-O-CH ═ CH)₂) The compound of (1).

u) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture comprises 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formulae CY1, CY2, PY1 and/or PY 2. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC host mixture is preferably from 5 to 60%, particularly preferably from 10 to 35%. The content of these individual compounds is preferably from 2 to 20% in each case.

v) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture comprises 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formulae CY9, CY10, PY9 and/or PY 10. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC host mixture is preferably from 5 to 60%, particularly preferably from 10 to 35%. The content of these individual compounds is preferably from 2 to 20% in each case.

w) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture comprises 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, compounds of the formula ZK, in particular compounds of the formulae ZK1, ZK2 and/or ZK 6. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC host mixture is preferably from 3 to 25%, particularly preferably from 5 to 45%. The content of these individual compounds is preferably from 2 to 20% in each case.

x) an LC medium, wherein the proportion of compounds of formulae CY, PY and ZK is more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, in the entire LC host mixture.

y) AN LC medium, wherein the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds containing alkenyl groups, preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae AN and AY, very preferably from the formulae AN1, AN3, AN6 and AY14, most preferably from the formulae AN1a, AN3a, AN6a and AY 14. The concentration of these compounds in the LC host mixture is preferably 2-70%, very preferably 3-55%.

z) an LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture contains one or more, preferably 1 to 5, compounds selected from the group of the formulae PY1-PY8 (very preferably of the formula PY 2). The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC host mixture is preferably from 1 to 30%, particularly preferably from 2 to 20%. The content of these individual compounds is preferably in each case from 1 to 20%.

z1) LC media wherein component B) or the LC host mixture contains one or more, preferably 1,2 or 3, compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae T1, T2 and T5, very preferably from the group of the compounds of the formula T2. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC host mixture is preferably 1 to 20%.

z2) AN LC medium wherein the LC host mixture comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula CY and PY, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula AN and AY, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula T and Q.

z3) LC medium, wherein the LC host mixture contains one or more, preferably 1,2 or 3, compounds of the formula BF1 and one or more, preferably 1,2 or 3, compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae AY14, AY15 and AY16, very preferably a compound of the formula AY 14. The proportion of the compound of formula AY14-AY16 in the LC host mixture is preferably 2-35%, very preferably 3-30%. The proportion of the compound of the formula BF1 in the LC host mixture is preferably from 0.5 to 20%, very preferably from 1 to 15%. Further preferably, the LC host mixture according to this preferred embodiment contains one or more, preferably 1,2 or 3 compounds of formula T, preferably selected from the group consisting of formulae T1, T2 and T5, very preferably selected from the group consisting of formulae T2 or T5. The proportion of the compound of the formula T in the LC host mixture is preferably from 0.5 to 15%, very preferably from 1 to 10%.

In a second preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains an LC host mixture based on a compound having positive dielectric anisotropy. Such LC media are particularly suitable for PS-OCB-, PS-TN-, PS-positive-VA-, PS-IPS-or PS-FFS-displays.

Wherein the radicals, independently of one another and identically or differently at each occurrence, have the following meanings:

each independently of the other

And each occurrence, identically or differently, is

R²¹、R³¹Each independently of the others, being alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9C atoms, or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9C atoms, all of which are optionally fluorinated,

X⁰f, Cl, haloalkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6C atoms, or haloalkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 6C atoms,

Z³¹is-CH₂CH₂-、-CF₂CF₂-, -COO-, trans-CH-, trans-CF-, -CH₂O-or a single bond, preferably-CH₂CH₂-, -COO-, trans-CH-or a single bond, particularly preferably-COO-, trans-CH-or a single bond,

L²¹、L²²、L³¹、L³²each independently of the other represents H or F,

g is 0,1,2 or 3.

In the compounds of the formulae A and B, X⁰Preferably F, Cl, CF₃、CHF₂、OCF₃、OCHF₂、OCFHCF₃、OCFHCHF₂、OCFHCHF₂、OCF₂CH₃、OCF₂CHF₂、OCF₂CHF₂、OCF₂CF₂CHF₂、OCF₂CF₂CHF₂、OCFHCF₂CF₃、OCFHCF₂CHF₂、OCF₂CF₂CF₃、OCF₂CF₂CClF₂、OCClFCF₂CF₃Or CH ═ CF₂Very preferably F or OCF₃Most preferably, F.

In the compounds of the formulae A and B, R²¹And R³¹Preferably selected from straight chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1,2,3,4,5 or 6C atoms, and straight chain alkenyl groups having 2,3,4,5, 6 or 7C atoms.

In the compounds of the formulae A and B, g is preferably 1 or 2.

In the compounds of the formula B, Z³¹Preferably COO, trans-CH ═ CH or a single bond, and very preferably COO or a single bond.

Preferably, component B) of the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula a selected from the group consisting of:

wherein A is²¹、R²¹、X⁰、L²¹And L²²Having the meaning given in formula A, L²³And L²⁴Each independently of the other being H or F, and X⁰Preferably F. Especially preferred are compounds of formulae a1 and a 2.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula a1 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹、X⁰、L²¹And L²²Has the meaning given in formula A1, L²³、L²⁴、L²⁵And L²⁶Each independently of the other being H or F, and X⁰Preferably F.

Very particularly preferred compounds of formula a1 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹As defined in formula a 1.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula a2 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹、X⁰、L²¹And L²²Has the meaning given in formula A2, L²³、L²⁴、L²⁵And L²⁶Each independently of the other being H or F, and X⁰Preferably F.

Very particularly preferred compounds of formula a2 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹And X⁰As defined in formula a 2.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula a3 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹、X⁰、L²¹And L²²Has the meaning given in formula A3, and X⁰Preferably F.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula a4 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is²¹As defined in formula a 4.

Preferably, component B) of the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula B selected from the group consisting of:

wherein g and A³¹、A³²、R³¹、X⁰、L³¹And L³²Having the meaning given in formula B, and X⁰Preferably F. Particularly preferred are compounds of formulae B1 and B2.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula B1 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is³¹、X⁰、L³¹And L³²Has the meaning given in formula B1, and X⁰Preferably F. Very particularly preferred compounds of formula B1a are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is³¹As defined in formula B1.

Very particularly preferred compounds of formula B1B are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is³¹As defined in formula B1.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula B2 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

wherein R is³¹、X⁰、L³¹And L³²Has the meaning given in formula B2, L³³、L³⁴、L³⁵And L³⁶Each independently of the other being H or F, and X⁰Preferably F.

Very particularly preferred compounds of formula B2 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae: