阅读说明：本技术 一种滚筒脱粒机及其自适应调速方法 (Roller threshing machine and self-adaptive speed regulation method thereof ) 是由 王升升 卢梦晴 周浩 陈盼 胡金鹏 姬江涛 耿令新 庞靖 于 2021-01-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种滚筒脱粒机及其自适应调速方法。滚筒脱粒机包括检测组件,所述检测组件包括：用于获取所脱物料湿度的湿度传感器；用于获取脱粒滚筒所受的转动阻力的阻力采集器；用于获取脱粒滚筒转速的转速传感器；检测组件以及驱动单元均与控制单元建立信号连接关系,控制单元根据湿度传感器以及阻力采集器反馈的相应信号确定脱粒滚筒的最佳脱粒转速,将转速传感器反馈的实际脱粒转速与最佳脱粒转速进行对比,进而控制驱动单元调节脱粒滚筒的实际脱粒转速至最佳脱粒转速。本发明的滚筒脱粒机根据所获取的这些参数,准确方便地将实际脱粒转速调节至于最佳脱粒转速相一致的状态,进而保证了较好的脱粒效果。(The invention relates to a roller thresher and a self-adaptive speed regulation method thereof. The cylinder thresher includes the detection subassembly, the detection subassembly includes: a humidity sensor for acquiring the humidity of the removed material; a resistance collector for acquiring the rotation resistance of the threshing cylinder; a rotating speed sensor for acquiring the rotating speed of the threshing cylinder; the detection assembly and the driving unit are in signal connection with the control unit, the control unit determines the optimal threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder according to corresponding signals fed back by the humidity sensor and the resistance collector, the actual threshing rotating speed fed back by the rotating speed sensor is compared with the optimal threshing rotating speed, and then the driving unit is controlled to adjust the actual threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder to the optimal threshing rotating speed. The cylinder thresher of the invention accurately and conveniently adjusts the actual threshing rotating speed to the state that the optimal threshing rotating speed is consistent according to the acquired parameters, thereby ensuring better threshing effect.)

1. A cylinder thresher comprising:

a frame (1);

the concave plate sieve (3) is fixed on the frame (1);

the top cover (4) is fixed on the frame (1) and is opposite to the concave plate sieve (3) to form a roller cavity;

a threshing cylinder (2) rotatably mounted in the cylinder chamber and provided with a control unit and a driving unit;

it is characterized in that the utility model is characterized in that,

the cylinder thresher still includes the detection subassembly, the detection subassembly includes:

the humidity sensor (8) is used for acquiring the humidity of the removed material;

the resistance collector is used for acquiring the rotation resistance borne by the threshing cylinder (2);

a rotation speed sensor for acquiring the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder (2);

the detection assembly and the driving unit are in signal connection with the control unit, the control unit determines the optimal threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder (2) according to corresponding signals fed back by the humidity sensor (8) and the resistance collector, the actual threshing rotating speed fed back by the rotating speed sensor is compared with the optimal threshing rotating speed, and then the driving unit is controlled to adjust the actual threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder (2) to the optimal threshing rotating speed.

2. Roller thresher according to claim 1, characterised in that the roller chamber has a material inlet (7) and a material outlet, and that the moisture sensor (8) is arranged at the material inlet (7).

3. The roller thresher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the threshing roller (2) is a spiked (24) threshing roller (2), and the resistance harvester is mounted on the threshing spiked (24) of the spiked (24) threshing roller (2).

4. A roller thresher according to claim 3, characterised in that said resistance harvester is provided in plurality and is evenly distributed on the different threshing teeth (24) of the threshing roller (2).

5. The roller thresher of claim 3, wherein said resistance collector is in signal communication with said control unit via a wireless transmitter module (252).

6. The cylinder thresher according to claim 5, characterized in that the spike-tooth (24) threshing cylinder (2) comprises a main rotating shaft (21), a width disc (22) fixedly connected with the main rotating shaft (21) and a plurality of tooth bars (23) connected to the outer edge of the width disc (22), threshing spike-teeth (24) are axially installed on the tooth bars (23) at intervals, the resistance collector comprises resistance strain gauge sensors (9) symmetrically installed at the roots of the threshing spike-teeth (24), the wireless transmitting module (252) is installed on the main rotating shaft (21), and the resistance collector is connected with the wireless transmitting module (252) through a wire.

7. The threshing cylinder machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the wireless transmitting module (252) is provided with a power supply module (250), the main rotating shaft (21) is provided with a module fixing seat, the module fixing seat comprises a split fixing seat (251) which is buckled, the split fixing seat (251) is respectively provided with a mounting groove, the power supply module (250) and the wireless transmitting module (252) are respectively fixed in the mounting grooves, and the split fixing seat (251) is connected through a bolt component.

8. Roller thresher according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the drive unit comprises a drive motor (6) and a drive belt (60), and in that a rotation speed sensor is arranged in correspondence with the rotation axis of the drive motor (6) for detecting the rotation speed of the rotation axis of the drive motor (6).

9. A self-adaptive speed regulation method of a roller thresher is characterized by comprising the following steps:

establishing a fitting equation between the force and the humidity with the force value and the humidity value as variables and the optimal threshing rotation speed;

respectively measuring and calculating the force value of the rotation resistance borne by the threshing cylinder, the humidity of the threshing materials and the current actual threshing rotation speed during the threshing work;

and comparing the current actual threshing rotating speed with the optimal threshing rotating speed, and if the current actual threshing rotating speed is inconsistent with the optimal threshing rotating speed, adjusting the current actual threshing rotating speed to the optimal threshing rotating speed.

10. The adaptive speed regulation method of a threshing cylinder according to claim 9, wherein the speed regulation is real time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural harvesting machinery, in particular to a roller threshing machine and a self-adaptive speed regulation method thereof.

Background

The spike-tooth type roller axial flow thresher is used as the main threshing equipment of the current grain combined harvesting equipment, and is suitable for wide variety of crops. Because the variety of applicable crops is various, and the moisture content (dry and wet degree) of the materials of the same crop is greatly different in different harvesting periods, the required optimal rotating speed of the threshing cylinder is different when the optimal threshing performance index of the materials under the condition of different dry and wet degrees is obtained in combined harvesting.

The regulation mode of current grain combine threshing cylinder rotational speed is mostly manual regulation, and the adjustment of rotational speed relies on operating personnel's experience more, and the mode of regulation is many through changing drive sprocket or belt pulley, realizes the stepped control of drive ratio, and such regulation mode is more single, and accommodation process need shut down moreover, not only consuming time longer, also is difficult to adjust the rotational speed in real time according to the state of threshing material in order to satisfy best threshing performance index. Therefore, the prior roller thresher has inconvenient speed regulation and control and poor threshing effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a roller thresher, which is used for solving the problems of inconvenient regulation and control of the rotating speed and poor threshing effect of the existing roller thresher. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a self-adaptive speed regulation method of the roller threshing machine, so as to realize convenient speed regulation and ensure better threshing effect.

The cylinder thresher of the present invention comprises:

a frame;

the concave plate sieve is fixed on the frame;

the top cover is fixed on the frame and is opposite to the concave plate sieve to form a roller cavity;

a threshing cylinder rotatably installed in the cylinder chamber and provided with a control unit and a driving unit;

the cylinder thresher still includes the detection subassembly, the detection subassembly includes:

the humidity sensor is used for acquiring the humidity of the removed material;

the resistance collector is used for acquiring the rotation resistance borne by the threshing cylinder;

the rotating speed sensor is used for acquiring the rotating speed of the threshing cylinder;

the detection assembly and the driving unit are in signal connection with the control unit, the control unit determines the optimal threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder according to corresponding signals fed back by the humidity sensor and the resistance collector, the actual threshing rotating speed fed back by the rotating speed sensor is compared with the optimal threshing rotating speed, and then the driving unit is controlled to adjust the actual threshing rotating speed of the threshing cylinder to the optimal threshing rotating speed.

The cylinder threshing machine can acquire the humidity of the threshing material, the rotation resistance of the threshing cylinder and the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder through the detection component, and according to the acquired parameters, the control unit can judge whether the current actual threshing rotation speed is matched with the optimal threshing rotation speed, accurately and conveniently adjust the actual threshing rotation speed to the state that the optimal threshing rotation speed is consistent, and further guarantee better threshing effect.

Further, the drum chamber has a material inlet and a material outlet, the humidity sensor being arranged at the material inlet. Therefore, the humidity of the material can be obtained before the material enters the threshing cylinder, and the threshing rotation speed can be adjusted more timely.

Furthermore, the threshing cylinder is a spike-tooth type threshing cylinder, and the resistance collector is arranged on the threshing spike-tooth of the spike-tooth type threshing cylinder. Therefore, the resistance on the threshing cylinder can be accurately detected, the optimal threshing speed can be accurately determined, and a good threshing effect can be ensured.

Furthermore, the resistance collectors are provided with a plurality of resistance collectors which are evenly distributed on different threshing spike teeth of the threshing cylinder. Therefore, the accuracy of detecting the rotation resistance of the roller is further ensured, and the accurate optimal threshing speed can be measured and calculated.

And preferably, the resistance collector and the control unit establish a signal connection relationship through a wireless transmitting module. Therefore, the signal transmission line between the resistance collector and the control unit is prevented from being influenced by the rotation of the threshing cylinder, the mechanical structure is simplified, and the reliability and the stability of the operation of the cylinder threshing machine are ensured.

Further, the spike-tooth type threshing cylinder comprises a main rotating shaft, a breadth disc fixedly connected with the main rotating shaft and a plurality of tooth rods connected to the outer edge of the breadth disc, threshing spike-tooth axial direction intervals are installed on the tooth rods, the resistance collector comprises resistance strain gauge sensors symmetrically installed at the root parts of the threshing spike-tooth, the wireless transmitting module is installed on the main rotating shaft, and the resistance collector is connected with the wireless transmitting module through a wire. The structural form can ensure that the rotation resistance of the threshing cylinder is accurately collected, the resistance collector is connected with the wireless transmitting module through a wire, the reliability and the stability of signal transmission in the rotation process are ensured, and the positions of the resistance collector and the wireless transmitting module are convenient for wiring.

Furthermore, wireless transmitting module disposes power module, installs the module fixing base in the main pivot, and the module fixing base includes the split fixing base that the butt joint is connected, is equipped with the mounting groove on the split fixing base respectively, and power module and wireless transmitting module are fixed respectively in the mounting groove, and the split fixing base passes through bolt assembly and connects. Therefore, the influence on the dynamic balance of the main rotating shaft can be reduced as much as possible while the power supply module and the wireless transmitting module are fixedly installed more reliably.

In addition, the drive unit includes a drive motor and a transmission belt, and a rotation speed sensor is disposed corresponding to a rotation shaft of the drive motor to detect a rotation speed of the rotation shaft of the drive motor. The control unit is mainly used for adjusting the threshing speed by adjusting the rotating speed of the driving motor, so that the actual threshing speed is obtained by detecting the rotating speed of the driving motor, a basis is provided for the subsequent adjustment of the rotating speed of the driving motor, and the control logic is simpler.

The self-adaptive speed regulating method of the roller thresher comprises the following steps:

establishing a fitting equation between the force and the humidity with the force value and the humidity value as variables and the optimal threshing rotation speed;

respectively measuring and calculating the force value of the rotation resistance borne by the threshing cylinder, the humidity of the threshing materials and the current actual threshing rotation speed during the threshing work;

and comparing the current actual threshing rotating speed with the optimal threshing rotating speed, and if the current actual threshing rotating speed is inconsistent with the optimal threshing rotating speed, adjusting the current actual threshing rotating speed to the optimal threshing rotating speed.

The speed regulating method of the present invention can regulate the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder based on the stress condition of the threshing element and the material humidity state, and can optimize the performance index of the thresher.

Optimally, the adjustment of the rotating speed is real-time adjustment, thereby ensuring that the whole threshing process keeps better threshing effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a drum thresher according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a threshing cylinder;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram showing a main shaft and a wireless transmission module mounted thereon;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of the tines and the resistive strain gage sensor mounted thereon;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a material inlet of a drum thresher;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a driving unit;

FIG. 7 is a control logic diagram of the adaptive control method for the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a frame; 2. a threshing cylinder; 21. a main rotating shaft; 22. a width disc; 23. a rack bar; 24. threshing spike teeth; 25. a signal transmission module; 250. a power supply module; 251. a valving fixed seat; 252. a wireless transmitting module; 26. a connecting plate; 27. fixing the sleeve; 28. a bearing seat; 3. a concave plate sieve; 4. a top cover; 5. a receiving hopper; 6. a drive motor; 60. a drive belt; 7. a material inlet; 8. a humidity sensor; 9. a resistive strain gage sensor; 10. a photosensor; 11. a light sensitive element.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

The first embodiment of the roller thresher of the invention:

as shown in fig. 1, the drum thresher includes a frame 1, a threshing drum 2, a concave sieve 3, a top cover 4, a receiving hopper 5, a driving motor 6, and a driving belt 60. Concave sieve 3 and top cap 4 fixed mounting constitute cylindric cylinder chamber in frame 1, and threshing cylinder 2 rotates to be installed in frame 1, and coaxial arrangement in the cylinder intracavity and can rotate at the cylinder intracavity, and horizontal one side in cylinder chamber has material entry 7, and the downside in cylinder chamber is equipped with the material export, and connect hopper 5 to just placing the material export for connect the cereal granule of taking off greatly. The driving motor 6 is connected with the threshing cylinder 2 through a transmission belt 60 to provide rotating power for the threshing cylinder.

As shown in fig. 2, the threshing cylinder 2 is mainly composed of a main rotating shaft 21, a width disc 22, a rack bar 23, threshing teeth 24, a connecting piece 26, a fixing sleeve 27 and a bearing seat 28. Bearing blocks 28 are mounted at both ends of the main shaft 21 for rotatably supporting the threshing cylinder 2 relative to the frame 1. The inner sides of the main rotating shaft 21 and the bearing seat 28 are fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve 27, one end of the fixed sleeve 27 is provided with a connecting flange, a breadth plate 22 is fixedly connected with the connecting flange, the outer edge of the breadth plate 22 is connected with the toothed bar 23 through a connecting sheet 26, and a plurality of threshing spike teeth 24 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the toothed bar 23. The connecting sheet 26 is a triangular sheet body, a penetrating hole is formed in a position close to one corner, the toothed bar 23 is fixedly penetrated in the penetrating hole, and the connecting sheet 23 is fixedly connected with the breadth disc 22 through a bolt assembly.

In the length direction of the main rotating shaft 21, there are four radial disks 22, two radial disks 22 at two ends are connected with the main rotating shaft 21 through a fixed sleeve 27, the radial disk 22 at the middle part is isolated from the main rotating shaft 21, and the main rotating shaft 21 passes through the central hole thereof. Six toothed bars 23 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the width disc 22, and threshing teeth 24 on each toothed bar 23 extend radially outward.

The roller thresher of the embodiment also comprises a control unit and a detection assembly, wherein the detection assembly and the driving unit are in signal connection with the control unit. The detection assembly comprises a humidity sensor for acquiring the humidity of the threshing material, a resistance collector for acquiring the rotation resistance of the threshing cylinder and a rotation speed sensor for acquiring the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder.

As shown in fig. 3-6, the humidity sensor 8 is arranged at the material inlet 7, acquires the humidity of the material before the material enters the threshing cylinder, is connected with the control unit through a wire, and can transmit a humidity signal to the control unit.

The resistance collector comprises two resistance strain gauge sensors 9 symmetrically arranged at the root parts of the threshing spike teeth 24, and the resistance strain gauge sensors 9 are connected with a signal transmission module 25 through leads. The signal transmission module 25 includes a power module 250 and a wireless transmission module 252, the wireless transmission module 252 has a force signal receiving function and a force signal wireless transmission function, and the control unit includes a PLC signal processing module and a wireless force signal receiving module. The signal transmission module 25 can transmit the resistance signal detected by the resistance strain gauge sensor received by the signal transmission module through a lead to the control unit in a wireless communication mode. That is, the resistance collector and the control unit establish a signal connection relationship through the wireless transmitting module, so that the signal transmission line between the resistance collector and the control unit is prevented from being influenced by the rotation of the threshing cylinder, the mechanical structure is simplified, and the reliability and the stability of the operation of the roller threshing machine are ensured.

Structurally, the power module 250 and the wireless transmitting module 252 are mounted on the main rotating shaft 21 through module fixing seats, each module fixing seat comprises two split fixing seats 251, the two split fixing seats 251 are buckled and are connected to the main rotating shaft 21 through bolt assemblies in a locking mode, mounting grooves are formed in the two split fixing seats 251 respectively, and the power module 250 and the wireless transmitting module 252 are fixed in the mounting grooves respectively.

The resistance collectors are provided with a plurality of resistance collectors, and are evenly distributed on different threshing spike teeth 24 relative to the threshing cylinder 2. Therefore, the accuracy of detecting the rotation resistance of the roller is further ensured, and the accurate optimal threshing speed can be measured and calculated.

The rotation speed sensor is a photoelectric rotation speed sensor and comprises a photoelectric sensor 10 and a matched photosensitive element 11, wherein the photosensitive element 11 is fixed at the shaft end of an output shaft of the driving motor 6, and the photoelectric sensor 10 is fixed on the frame 1 and corresponds to the photosensitive element 11. The rotating speed sensor detects the rotating speed of the driving motor and transmits the rotating speed to the control unit through a lead, so that the real-time rotating speed of the threshing cylinder is determined.

The control unit comprises a signal receiving module, a PLC signal processing module, a signal display module, an actuating mechanism and the like.

When the roller thresher works, the self-adaptive adjustment of the rotating speed is realized by the following method:

firstly, a PLC signal processing module of a control unit stores a fitting equation between force and humidity and an optimal threshing rotation speed, wherein the force and humidity are established by taking a force value and a humidity value as variables; the fitting equation is determined based on a large amount of bench test data, and correlation coefficients and the final form of the equation are determined by combining methods such as data analysis, mathematical statistics and curve fitting. On the premise of ensuring the optimal threshing efficiency, a threshing test is carried out on the same crop with different humidity, and related data are detected, wherein a force signal X1 and a humidity signal X2 are respectively obtained by corresponding sensors, and the rotating speed Y is measured by a rotating speed sensor. The optimal rotating speed of the roller is determined by the threshing effect, and the specific evaluation index is the threshing rate. The higher the threshing rate is, the better the threshing effect is. After the optimal rotating speeds of crop threshing under different humidities are obtained, a Matlab equation fitting tool box is adopted to perform curve fitting on the obtained data, and finally a fitting equation between the force and humidity and the optimal rotating speed of the roller is obtained, so that a control model is provided for follow-up, the optimal rotating speed of the roller obtained based on the model is a standard value, and the standard value is converted into standard frequency.

In the threshing process, threshing spike teeth collide with materials to generate tiny elastic deformation, a resistance strain gauge sensor stuck on a threshing element generates deformation along with the tiny elastic deformation, a force signal is converted into an electric signal and is finally transmitted to a control unit, and a PLC (programmable logic controller) signal processing module of the control unit carries out pretreatment such as abnormal signal replacement and data noise elimination on signals of a plurality of point positions to obtain a final force signal X1; the humidity sensor at the feeding hole is contacted with the material to obtain a humidity signal X2 of the removed material, and the signal is directly transmitted to the control unit through a lead; after preprocessing, force signals X1 on the threshing spike teeth and humidity signals X2 of the threshed materials are analyzed by a PLC signal processing module, the optimal threshing rotating speed required by the threshing cylinder under the state is obtained by resolving according to a control model, if the optimal threshing rotating speed obtained by resolving is inconsistent with the actual threshing rotating speed, the PLC signal processing module sends an instruction to an executing mechanism, and the executing mechanism adjusts the rotating speed of a driving motor in real time.

The cylinder threshing machine can acquire the humidity of the threshing material, the rotation resistance of the threshing cylinder and the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder through the detection component, and according to the acquired parameters, the control unit can judge whether the current actual threshing rotation speed is matched with the optimal threshing rotation speed, accurately and conveniently adjust the actual threshing rotation speed to the state that the optimal threshing rotation speed is consistent, and further guarantee better threshing effect.

Of course, the cylinder thresher according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications may be made in other embodiments.

For example, in other embodiments, different from the above-described embodiments, the threshing cylinder of the cylinder thresher may be a rasp bar cylinder, or a rasp bar cylinder and spike-tooth cylinder are combined, in which case, the resistance collector may be mounted on the roller of the threshing cylinder, and the resistance to the threshing cylinder may be measured by detecting the torque of the resistance collector, in which case, the resistance collector may be one; or a plurality of resistance collectors are uniformly arranged on the rasp bar at intervals.

For example, in other embodiments, unlike the embodiments described above, the moisture sensor is arranged in the drum chamber, for example on the toothed bar or on the threshing teeth.

For example, in other embodiments, different from the above-described embodiments, the resistance collector and the control unit may be connected by a wire to realize signal transmission, and the center of the main rotating shaft may be provided with an axially extending wiring hole through which the wire is led out of the roller cavity from the roller cavity.

For another example, in other embodiments, unlike the embodiments described above, the drive unit comprises a reduction motor which is in direct drive connection with the threshing cylinder and drives the threshing cylinder in rotation.

The invention relates to a specific embodiment of a self-adaptive speed regulation method of a roller thresher, which comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 7, the specific steps and methods are the same as the adaptive adjustment method for the rotation speed in the embodiment of the drum thresher described above, and are not described again here. In the above-described embodiments of the adaptive speed regulation method of the drum thresher, the speed regulation is performed, but in other embodiments of the adaptive speed regulation method of the drum thresher, the speed regulation may be performed intermittently, for example, once per unit time.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.