阅读说明：本技术 一种提高猪肉品质的营养添加剂 (Nutritional additive for improving pork quality ) 是由 陈小冬 徐乐 夏本增 龚雨晴 刘冰冰 王祎 李玥 于 2020-11-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种提高猪肉品质的营养添加剂,其组分及成分重量百分比范围：碳酸钙,0.55-0.60%；磷酸氢钙,1.25-1.80%；食盐,0.25-0.3%；L-赖氨酸,0.21-0.50%；L-蛋氨酸,0.04-0.10%；L-苏氨酸,0.04-0.18%；微量元素预混剂,0.40-0.60%；复合维生素预混剂,0.40-0.60%；余量为载体。微量元素预混剂包含酵母硒,配制成的饲料中硒的终浓度为0.3 mg/kg。所述营养添加剂的配方合理,原料来源稳定、成本低廉,生产工艺简单,能够有效提高热应激条件下猪的抵抗力,生长性能,改善猪肉品质。(The invention discloses a nutritional additive for improving pork quality, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.55 to 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.25-1.80% of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.25 to 0.3 percent of salt; 0.21 to 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.04-0.10% of L-methionine; 0.04-0.18% of L-threonine; 0.40-0.60% of trace element premix; 0.40-0.60% of composite vitamin premix; the balance being carriers. The microelement premix comprises selenium yeast, and the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.3 mg/kg. The nutritional additive has the advantages of reasonable formula, stable raw material source, low cost and simple production process, and can effectively improve the resistance and growth performance of pigs under heat stress conditions and improve the pork quality.)

1. A nutritional additive for improving the stress resistance of pigs and improving the pork quality is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

0.55 to 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate;

1.25-1.80% of calcium hydrophosphate;

0.25 to 0.35 percent of salt;

0.21 to 0.50 percent of L-lysine;

0.04-0.10% of L-methionine;

0.04-0.18% of L-threonine;

0.40-0.60% of trace element premix;

0.40-0.60% of composite vitamin premix;

the balance being a carrier;

wherein, the microelement premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: selenium 0.2-0.4 mg; 80-120mg of iron; 4-6mg of copper; 4-6mg of manganese; 80-120mg of zinc; iodine, 0.15-0.25 mg; selenium 0.2-0.4 mg;

the vitamin complex premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: vitamin A, 2500-; vitamin D, 200-300 IU; vitamin E, 20-30 IU; 0.4-0.8mg of vitamin K; 0.05-0.15mg of vitamin H and 0.4-0.6mg of folic acid; pantothenic acid, 8-12 mg; vitamin B2, 3-4 mg; vitamin B1, 0.9-1.5 mg; pyridoxine, 3-4 mg; 40-60mg of nicotinic acid;

among them, selenium is preferably added by inorganic sodium selenite, organic selenium yeast or organic selenium spirulina, and more preferably organic selenium spirulina.

2. The nutritional additive according to claim 1 wherein: the carrier is corn and soybean.

3. The nutritional additive according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of each component is: 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.10% of L-methionine; 0.18% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; corn, 68.72%; 26.80 percent of soybean.

4. The nutritional additive according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of each component is: 0.55 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.45 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; l-lysine, 0.38%; 0.04% of L-methionine; 0.10% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; 71.98% of corn; soybean, 24.20 percent.

5. The nutritional additive according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of each component is: 0.55 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.25 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; l-lysine, 0.21%; 0.04% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; 74.65% of corn; soybean, 22.00 percent.

6. A feed comprising the nutritional supplement of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein 3% to 5% of the nutritional supplement is added to the feed.

7. Use of the nutritional additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the feed according to claim 6, for the cultivation of live pigs, characterized in that: when the weight of the pig reaches more than 35kg, feeding the pig by using the feed added with the nutritional additive; preferably, 3.35% -4.48% of the nutritional additive is added into the feed.

8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the time for breeding the live pigs by using the feed is 3-6 months.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the time for breeding the live pigs by using the feed is 3 months.

10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the live pig is a three-way pig.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a nutritional additive for improving pork quality, in particular to a nutritional additive with heat stress resistance, which is particularly applied to pig feed.

Background

In recent years, climate abnormalities occur in various parts of the world, and extreme weather events frequently occur, and global temperature rise is one of the most prominent signs. Heat stress caused by elevated temperatures is one of the most major environmental stress factors in animal husbandry worldwide. Severe heat stress adversely affects pig growth performance, carcass quality and meat quality. It is statistically estimated that annual heat stress causes more than 3 billion dollars to loss in the swine industry in the united states, while global animal husbandry suffers more than billion dollars from heat stress. As a big pig-raising country in China, the economic loss suffered by the pig-raising country is possibly more serious.

In addition, the adverse effects induced by thermal stress are associated with the promotion of free radical production, which disrupts redox balance, also causes lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and other biological molecules, inhibits immune function, and also strongly induces endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, and has antioxidant defense, immune, antitumor and detoxifying functions. Previous studies have shown that selenium can resist the adverse effects of heat stress, and the protective effect is related to the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and immune function.

Currently, selenium sources added in actual production processes include inorganic selenium sources (e.g., sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)) and organic selenium sources (e.g., yeast selenium). However, many studies show that inorganic selenium has certain toxicity, low bioavailability and difficult absorption, while organic selenium has high safety and bioavailability, long in-vivo retention time and obvious application advantages. Organic selenium source in addition to the existing yeast selenium source, researchers have been developing new organic selenium sources in recent years, among which spirulina is a better selenium source carrier, and spirulina itself contains abundant lysine, threonine, and amino acids such as methionine, which are the most important essential amino acids for human and animals. Spirulina is easy to absorb inorganic selenium during culture and grow, and combines with amino acid and carbohydrate in cells to form organic selenoprotein and selenoglycosides (called selenium-rich spirulina). Selenium-rich spirulina has been proven to have good antioxidant, immunity-enhancing and disease-resistant functions in human and rodent. However, selenium-rich spirulina has not been well utilized in animal husbandry, and the existing research has not yet demonstrated how spirulina selenium affects pig production and meat quality under the condition of heat stress.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a nutritional additive for improving pork quality, which can promote the growth of live pigs in a high-temperature environment and improve the pork quality.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a nutritional additive for improving the stress resistance of pigs and improving the pork quality is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

0.55 to 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate;

1.25-1.80% of calcium hydrophosphate;

0.25 to 0.35 percent of salt;

0.21 to 0.50 percent of L-lysine;

0.04-0.10% of L-methionine;

0.04-0.18% of L-threonine;

0.40-0.60% of trace element premix;

0.40-0.60% of composite vitamin premix;

the balance being a carrier;

wherein the microelement premix comprises spirulina selenium, the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.2-0.4mg/kg, and the microelement premix is provided for each kg of feed: 80-120mg of iron; 4-6mg of copper; 4-6mg of manganese; 80-120mg of zinc; iodine, 0.15-0.25 mg; selenium 0.2-0.4 mg;

the vitamin complex premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: vitamin A, 2500-; vitamin D, 200-300 IU; vitamin E, 20-30 IU; 0.4-0.8mg of vitamin K; 0.05-0.15mg of vitamin H and 0.4-0.6mg of folic acid; pantothenic acid, 8-12 mg; vitamin B2, 3-4 mg; vitamin B1, 0.9-1.5 mg; pyridoxine, 3-4 mg; 40-60mg of nicotinic acid;

among them, selenium is preferably added by inorganic sodium selenite, organic selenium yeast or organic selenium spirulina, and more preferably organic selenium spirulina.

The carrier is corn and soybean, the corn is directly pulverized for use, and the soybean is parched and pulverized for use.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio of each component of the nutritional additive for improving pork quality is as follows: 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.10% of L-methionine; 0.18% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; corn, 68.72%; 26.80 percent of soybean.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio of each component of the nutritional additive for improving pork quality is as follows: 0.55 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.45 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; l-lysine, 0.38%; 0.04% of L-methionine; 0.10% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; 71.98% of corn; soybean, 24.20 percent.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio of each component of the nutritional additive for improving pork quality is as follows: 0.55 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.25 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; l-lysine, 0.21%; 0.04% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; 74.65% of corn; soybean, 22.00 percent.

The invention also provides a feed containing the nutritional additive, and 3% -5% of the nutritional additive is added into the feed.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides the nutritional additive or the application of the feed in live pig breeding, when the weight of the pig reaches more than 35kg, the pig is fed by the feed added with the nutritional additive; preferably, 3.35% -4.48% of the nutritional additive is added into the feed.

Preferably, the application is to breed the pigs with the feed for 3-6 months, such as 3 months.

Preferably, the application is that the live pig is a three-way pig.

The preparation and use method of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps: (1) the microelement premix is prepared by weighing and mixing feed-grade raw materials according to a ratio; (2) the compound vitamin premix is prepared by weighing and mixing the raw materials according to the proportion; (3) the microelement premix and the compound vitamin premix are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the nutritional additive; (4) directly pulverizing semen Maydis, parching semen glycines, and pulverizing; (5) the crushed soybeans, the nutritional additive and other raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, and then the mixture is uniformly mixed with corn flour to obtain the corresponding pig feed.

In production application, the recommended dosage of the nutritional additive is 3% -5%, and preferably 35kg or more of raw pigs are fed with the prepared feed.

In the application method, the live pig variety is the tripartite pig (Duzhong).

The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the influence of high temperature on the growth retardation of the live pigs is eliminated to a certain extent, and the growth of the pigs is obviously promoted; (2) the drip loss is reduced, the collagen content is increased, and the pork quality is improved; (3) enhancing the heat stress resistance of the pigs and improving the immunity of the pigs; (4) the nutritional additive has reasonable formula, stable raw material source, low cost, and simple production process. On the whole, the invention can reduce the economic loss caused by heat stress in pig production and has good application prospect.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments, which are not intended to be limiting but are merely exemplary.

Example 1

The nutritional supplement and the corresponding feed of the present invention are prepared, and the amounts (unit: Kg) of the raw materials in each formulation are as shown in Table 1 below.

In the above table, 1. the trace element premix provides per kg feed: iron, 100 mg; copper, 5 mg; 5mg of manganese; zinc, 100 mg; iodine, 0.2 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg.

2. The vitamin complex premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: vitamin a, 3,000 IU; vitamin D, 250 IU; vitamin E,25 IU; vitamin K, 0.6 mg; 0.1mg of vitamin H; folic acid, 0.5 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg; vitamin B2, 3.5 mg; vitamin B1,1.2 mg; pyridoxine, 3.5 mg; nicotinic acid, 50 mg.

The preparation and use method of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps: (1) the microelement premix is prepared by weighing and mixing feed-grade raw materials according to a ratio; (2) the compound vitamin premix is prepared by weighing and mixing the raw materials according to the proportion; (3) the microelement premix and the compound vitamin premix are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the nutritional additive; (4) parching semen glycines, pulverizing, and pulverizing semen Maydis; (5) the crushed soybeans, the nutritional additive and other raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, and then the mixture is uniformly mixed with corn flour to obtain the corresponding pig feed.

Example 2

30 ternary sows with the weight of about 35Kg are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups according to the weight, each group comprises 10 sows, group A is a control group and is fed with selenium-deficient basic ration without adding selenium in the microelement premix, group B is a test group with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) added in the microelement premix (the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.3mg/Kg), and group C is a feed prepared by the nutritional additive (selenium-rich spirulina is added in the microelement premix, and the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.3 mg/Kg).

The feed formula used in the control group (group a) was: 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.10% of L-methionine; 0.18% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; the balance is 68.72 percent of corn and 26.80 percent of soybean.

The feed formula used in group B is as follows: 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.10% of L-methionine; 0.18% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; the balance is 68.72 percent of corn and 26.80 percent of soybean. The microelement premix contains sodium selenite, and the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.3 mg/kg.

The feed formula used in group C is: 0.60 percent of calcium carbonate; 1.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.30 percent of salt; 0.50 percent of L-lysine; 0.10% of L-methionine; 0.18% of L-threonine; 0.50% of trace element premix; 0.50% of composite vitamin premix; the balance is 68.72 percent of corn and 26.80 percent of soybean. The microelement premix comprises selenium-rich spirulina, and the final concentration of selenium in the prepared feed is 0.3 mg/kg.

The feed is used for feeding in a boar farm of national livestock engineering technology research center of Huazhong agricultural university, and the test period is 84 days. The effects on the growth performance and pork quality of the test pigs are shown in tables 2 to 4.

TABLE 2 Effect on growth Performance of test pigs at various stages

Note: the difference between the shoulder marks in the same data is significant (P)<0.05)，^*Indicates that the difference is significant (P)<0.05)。

The data in table 2 show that the feed-to-meat ratio difference between the control group fed the basal diet and the experimental group supplemented with selenious acid and with spirulina selenium was not great (p >0.05) between weeks 1-4. At weeks 5-8, it can be seen that the spirulina selenium-supplemented experimental group had a smaller feed-to-meat ratio than the control group and the sodium selenite-supplemented experimental group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Whereas the meat ratio of the experimental group with added spirulina selenium was clearly seen to be smaller (p <0.05) in the later 9-12 weeks of the experiment. Furthermore, as the test proceeded, the feed-meat ratio of each group in the 3 stages also increased. The result shows that the spirulina selenium is added to effectively eliminate the adverse effect of heat stress on the growth of the test pigs, and has the effect of promoting the growth of the pigs.

TABLE 3 Effect on test pig carcass quality

Note:^*indicates that the difference is significant (P)<0.05)。

The weight of the pig carcass is obviously different from that of the hot carcass, and the control group and the experiment group added with sodium selenite and spirulina selenium have no obvious difference in other aspects of the quality of the pig carcass tested. This indicates that the addition of sodium selenite or selenium spirulina did not affect the quality of the tested pig carcass under heat stress conditions (P > 0.05).

TABLE 4 Effect on meat quality of test pigs

Note:^*indicates that the difference is significant (P)<0.05)。

As can be seen from the test results in table 4, the test group added with spirulina selenium or sodium selenite had a smaller fat content, which indicates that spirulina selenium or sodium selenite can reduce fat content under heat stress condition, and the effect of spirulina selenium is more significant than that of sodium selenite (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the test group of spirulina selenium or sodium selenite had less drip loss (P <0.05) compared to the control group.

TABLE 5 Effect of different selenium sources on the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of pigs under Heat stress conditions at different stages

As shown in Table 5, as the test proceeded, the plasma GPx, T-AOC and T-SOD activities in the sodium selenite group and the spirulina selenium group increased gradually, and showed a trend of expanding difference compared to the BD group. Before the test is started, the contents or concentrations of GPx, T-AOC, MDA, T-SOD and TNF-alpha in the blood plasma of each group have no obvious difference; the GPx and T-SOD activities and MDA contents of the sodium selenite group and the spirulina selenium group at the end of the first stage are obviously different from those of the BD group; GPX activities of the sodium selenite group and the spirulina selenium group are higher than those of a basic ration group at the end of the first stage and the second stage, and T-AOC, T-SOD activities and MDA content difference in the third stage are further expanded or have a trend of expansion; the activity of GPX, T-AOC and T-SOD in the plasma of the sodium selenite group and the spirulina selenium group at the end of the test is obviously higher than that of the BD group. The experimental results show that the antioxidant effect of the spirulina selenium (organic selenium) is obviously better than that of the sodium selenite (inorganic selenium).

Table 5 shows that the TNF-alpha concentrations in the plasma of pigs in BD group at weeks 4,8 and 12 showed a significant increase compared with week 0 under heat stress conditions throughout the experiment, indicating that there was an inflammatory response in the pig organism in BD group under heat stress conditions; sodium selenite addition, although somewhat mitigated, was not significant. In contrast, the concentration of TNF-alpha in plasma of pigs in the spirulina selenium group has no significant difference in different feeding stages, and the spirulina selenium has an anti-inflammatory effect.

TABLE 6 influence of the amino acid composition of the longissimus dorsi of pigs (amino acid content unit: g/100g, n ═ 10)

In the above table, "X" is an umami amino acid, and ". DELTA" is an essential amino acid for the human body. Note: the difference between the shoulder marks in the same row data was significant (P < 0.05).

As can be seen from Table 6, the longest muscle glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine in the pig back were the highest among the 17 amino acids determined in this experiment. The total amount of essential amino acid is improved to a certain extent, but the obvious difference is not achieved, and the total amount of sulfur-containing amino acid and umami amino acid is obviously increased in the spirulina selenium adding group. The umami amino acid and the sulfur-containing amino acid are related to the flavor of meat quality, the umami amino acid determines the delicious taste of the meat, the sulfur-containing amino acid generates flavor precursors through thermal degradation and Maillard reaction, and further generates flavor substances such as thiane, trithioether, dithiazine and the like, so that the formation of the flavor is promoted, and the flavor of the pork is increased. Therefore, the experiment shows that the addition of selenium-rich spirulina in daily ration can improve the delicious taste and flavor of pork.

Combining all the above experimental data: compared with the control group: experimental groups 1 and 2 fed with the feed of the present invention significantly promoted the growth of pigs under heat stress conditions. On-site sensory evaluation shows that although the appearance characteristics are not obviously different from those of the control group pigs, after dissection, visual observation of each organ is normal, but the content of the collagen in the spirulina selenium group is increased, and the meat quality and elasticity are better. Compared with the control group, the sodium selenite group and the spirulina selenium group have no obvious difference in meat color sensory scores, but have reduced fat content and reduced drip loss. In the later stage of feeding, the addition of the spirulina selenium obviously improves the conversion rate of the feed under the condition of heat stress, and enhances the antioxidation and immunologic functions of the pigs. The selenium-rich spirulina is added to obviously improve the delicious amino acids of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine, the content of essential amino acids of human body is improved to a certain degree, and the total amount of delicious amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acids which determine the delicious taste and the fragrance is obviously improved. Therefore, we prefer spirulina selenium as the main ingredient of the nutritional supplement.