阅读说明：本技术 一种河蟹养殖底栖饵料生物用培养基及其使用方法 (Culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture and use method thereof ) 是由 徐文杰 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种河蟹养殖底栖饵料生物用培养基,包括下述重量份的原料：粪肥20-30份、麸皮10-15份、豆粕5-10份、沸石粉10-15份、改性柚皮渣10-15份、海藻渣5-10份、EM菌剂0.5-1份。本发明还公开了上述河蟹养殖底栖饵料生物用培养基的使用方法。本发明的培养基不仅能为底栖饵料生物提供充足的营养,从而为河蟹提供充足的天然饵料,减少人工饲料的使用,降低成本,而且可以改善底质和水体质量,有利于提高河蟹的产量。(The invention discloses a culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of manure, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 5-10 parts of seaweed residue and 0.5-1 part of EM microbial inoculum. The invention also discloses a use method of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture. The culture medium of the invention can not only provide sufficient nutrition for benthic bait organisms, thereby providing sufficient natural bait for river crabs, reducing the use of artificial feed and lowering cost, but also improve the quality of substrate and water body, and is beneficial to improving the yield of the river crabs.)

1. A culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of manure, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 5-10 parts of seaweed residue and 0.5-1 part of EM microbial inoculum.

2. The culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified pomelo peel residue is as follows:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues, and then performing low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. and carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment on the pretreated shaddock peel residues, and crushing to obtain modified shaddock peel residues.

3. The culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to claim 2, wherein in the step a, the pomelo peel residues are crushed to 200-400 mesh and then treated for 20-40min under the conditions of 280MPa at 240-70 ℃ to obtain the pretreated pomelo peel residues.

4. The culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in the step b, the pretreated pomelo peel residues are added with water and mixed uniformly to obtain a material with the water content of 25-30%, then the material is added into a double-screw extrusion-expansion machine for extrusion-expansion treatment under the conditions of the temperature of 90-110 ℃, the screw rotation speed of 150-.

5. The culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the manure is at least one of chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure.

6. The culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is prepared by the following method: weighing the raw materials according to the weight, uniformly mixing manure, bran, soybean meal, zeolite powder, modified pomelo peel slag and seaweed slag, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, stacking into a stack with the height of 1-2m, adding EM microbial inoculum, performing film covering fermentation for 10-20 days at the temperature of 32-38 ℃, and drying by using a dryer at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ until the water content is 15-20% to obtain the fertilizer.

7. The method of using the culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

s1, sterilizing the pond with quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, applying 300-500 kg/mu of culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture to the bottom of the pond, and mixing the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture into the bottom mud by a rotary tillage method;

s2, planting aquatic weeds, wherein the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 40-60% of the total area of the pond;

feeding benthic bait organisms, wherein the feeding amount of the benthic bait organisms is 100-;

after benthic bait organisms are put in for 15-20 days, crab seedlings are put in, and the stocking density of the crab seedlings is 1000-.

8. The method of using the culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation according to claim 7, wherein the benthic bait organisms are at least one of snails, mussels, and clams.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crab culture, in particular to a culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture and a using method thereof.

Background

The bait is the material basis for river crab culture, and the species, quality and application amount of the bait have very important direct influence on the culture effect of the river crabs. The bait of the river crab comprises natural bait and artificial bait. Because the price of the artificial feed is higher, the cost for cultivating the river crabs is greatly increased due to the large amount of the artificial feed, and the economic benefit for cultivating the river crabs is not improved. Therefore, the natural bait with relatively low cost is adopted to partially replace artificial feed, and a way for reducing the cost is provided. The natural bait comprises various organisms which are favored by river crabs and naturally grow in water and on land, and mainly comprises plankton, aquatic plants, benthos, terrestrial animals and plants and the like. Wherein the benthos comprises snail, corbicula, freshwater mussel, tubificidae and the like in the water area, and is the best bait for the river crab. At present, the main breeding method for replacing artificial feed with benthic bait organisms is to properly mix a culture medium for the benthic bait organisms into bottom mud of a breeding water body for breeding the benthic bait organisms and proliferating aquatic weeds to be used as main feed of river crabs, thereby reducing the input amount of the artificial feed and lowering the breeding cost. However, the nutrient components of the culture medium are rich, which easily causes the deterioration of the substrate and pollutes the water body, thereby affecting the yield of the river crabs.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture and a use method thereof.

The invention provides a culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of manure, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 5-10 parts of seaweed residue and 0.5-1 part of EM microbial inoculum.

Preferably, the preparation method of the modified pomelo peel residue comprises the following steps:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues, and then performing low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. and carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment on the pretreated shaddock peel residues, and crushing to obtain modified shaddock peel residues.

Preferably, in the step a, the pomelo peel residue is crushed to 200-400 meshes, and then is treated for 20-40min under the conditions of 240-280MPa and 50-70 ℃ to obtain the pretreated pomelo peel residue.

Preferably, in the step b, water is added into the pretreated pomelo peel residues and uniformly mixed to obtain a material with the water content adjusted to 25-30%, then the material is added into a double-screw extrusion-expansion machine to be subjected to extrusion-expansion treatment under the conditions that the temperature is 90-110 ℃, the screw rotation speed is 150-.

Preferably, the manure is at least one of chicken manure, pig manure and cattle manure.

Preferably, the preparation method of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight, uniformly mixing manure, bran, soybean meal, zeolite powder, modified pomelo peel slag and seaweed slag, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, stacking into a stack with the height of 1-2m, adding EM microbial inoculum, performing film covering fermentation for 10-20 days at the temperature of 32-38 ℃, and drying by using a dryer at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ until the water content is 15-20% to obtain the fertilizer.

The use method of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following steps:

s1, sterilizing the pond with quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, applying 300-500 kg/mu of culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture to the bottom of the pond, and mixing the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture into the bottom mud by a rotary tillage method;

s2, planting aquatic weeds, wherein the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 40-60% of the total area of the pond;

feeding benthic bait organisms, wherein the feeding amount of the benthic bait organisms is 100-;

after benthic bait organisms are put in for 15-20 days, crab seedlings are put in, and the stocking density of the crab seedlings is 1000-.

Preferably, the benthic bait organisms are at least one of snails, mussels and clams.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the modified pomelo peel slag is obtained by adding the low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment and the extrusion puffing treatment into the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation for synergistic modification, and as the pomelo peel slag contains a large amount of active substances such as fibers and organic acids, the microstructure of the pomelo peel slag is changed and the defects such as cracks occur through the low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment, so that the release of the active substances such as the organic acids in the pomelo peel slag is facilitated, the water holding capacity and the expansibility of the fibers are improved, and meanwhile, as the low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment is carried out at low temperature, the conditions are relatively mild, and the denaturation caused by high temperature can; the shaddock peel residue after low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment is extruded and puffed, so that loose and microporous modified shaddock peel residue materials can be obtained under the condition of reducing the extrusion and puffing temperature, and higher insoluble fiber and organic acid content can be kept; in addition, as the fiber in the modified pomelo peel residue is subjected to combined treatment of low-temperature ultrahigh pressure and extrusion puffing treatment, a large number of active groups are exposed, and the adsorption performance of the fiber is improved. According to the invention, modified pomelo peel residues, manure, bran, bean pulp, zeolite powder and seaweed residues are mixed according to a proper proportion and then fermented by an EM microbial inoculum, and a large amount of organic acid released in the fermentation process can promote the growth of probiotics in a culture medium, so that the nutritive value of the culture medium and the growth promoting effect on benthic bait organisms are improved, sufficient natural bait is provided for river crabs, and a better substrate improvement effect is achieved; meanwhile, due to the addition of the modified pomelo peel residues with higher insoluble fiber content and a loose porous structure, the interior of the culture medium forms the loose porous structure with high adsorption performance, organic matters in the substrate can be well adsorbed, the pollution of the organic matters to a water body is reduced, and meanwhile, the adsorbed organic matters can further promote the growth of benthic bait organisms. The culture medium of the invention can not only provide sufficient nutrition for benthic bait organisms, thereby providing sufficient natural bait for river crabs, reducing the use of artificial feed and lowering cost, but also improve the quality of substrate and water body, and is beneficial to improving the yield of the river crabs.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

A culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of manure, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 5-10 parts of seaweed residue and 0.5-1 part of EM microbial inoculum.

The preparation method of the modified shaddock peel residue comprises the following steps:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues, and then performing low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure treatment to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. and carrying out extrusion and expansion treatment on the pretreated shaddock peel residues, and crushing to obtain modified shaddock peel residues.

Example 2

A culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

20 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of zeolite powder, 10 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 5 parts of seaweed residue and 0.5 part of EM microbial inoculum.

The preparation method of the modified shaddock peel residue comprises the following steps:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues to 200 meshes, and then treating for 40min under the conditions of 240MPa and 50 ℃ to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. adding water into the pretreated pomelo peel residues, uniformly mixing to obtain a material with the water content of 25%, adding the material into a double-screw extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing treatment under the conditions of the temperature of 90 ℃, the screw rotation speed of 150r/min and the feeding speed of 30kg/h, and pulverizing the obtained puffed material to 200 meshes to obtain the modified pomelo peel residues.

Example 3

A culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of bran, 10 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of zeolite powder, 15 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 10 parts of seaweed residue and 1 part of EM microbial inoculum.

The preparation method of the modified shaddock peel residue comprises the following steps:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues to 400 meshes, and then treating for 20min under the conditions of 280MPa and 70 ℃ to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. adding water into the pretreated pomelo peel residues, uniformly mixing to obtain a material with the water content of 30%, adding the material into a double-screw extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing treatment under the conditions of the temperature of 110 ℃, the screw rotation speed of 200r/min and the feeding speed of 45kg/h, and pulverizing the obtained puffed material to 400 meshes to obtain the modified pomelo peel residues.

Example 4

A culture medium for benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

25 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of zeolite powder, 14 parts of modified pomelo peel residue, 7 parts of seaweed residue and 0.8 part of EM microbial inoculum.

The preparation method of the modified shaddock peel residue comprises the following steps:

a. crushing the shaddock peel residues to 300 meshes, and then treating for 30min under the conditions of 250MPa and 60 ℃ to obtain pretreated shaddock peel residues;

b. adding water into the pretreated pomelo peel residues, uniformly mixing to obtain a material with the water content of 28%, then adding the material into a double-screw extrusion puffing machine, carrying out extrusion puffing treatment under the conditions of 105 ℃ of temperature, 180r/min of screw rotation speed and 40kg/h of feeding speed, and pulverizing the obtained puffed material to 300 meshes to obtain the modified pomelo peel residues.

Example 5

The application method of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following steps:

s1, sterilizing the pond with quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, 400 kg/mu of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab cultivation prepared in the embodiment 4 is applied to the bottom of the pond, and the culture medium is mixed into the bottom mud by a rotary tillage method;

s2, planting aquatic weeds, wherein the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 50% of the total area of the pond;

throwing snails, wherein the throwing amount of the snails is 120 kg/mu;

and (4) after the benthic bait organisms are thrown for 18 days, putting the crab seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the crab seedlings is 1100 per mu.

Comparative example 1

The application method of the culture medium for the benthic bait organisms for river crab culture comprises the following steps:

s1, sterilizing the pond with quicklime, wherein the usage amount of the quicklime is 65-75 kg/mu; after the pond is disinfected, 400 kg/mu of culture medium for the benthic aquatic organisms for the river crab culture is applied to the bottom of the pond, and the culture medium is mixed into the bottom mud by a rotary tillage method, wherein the culture medium for the benthic aquatic organisms for the river crab culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of zeolite powder, 14 parts of pomelo peel residue, 7 parts of seaweed residue and 0.8 part of EM microbial inoculum;

s2, planting aquatic weeds, wherein the planting area of the aquatic weeds accounts for 50% of the total area of the pond;

throwing snails, wherein the throwing amount of the snails is 120 kg/mu;

and (4) after the benthic bait organisms are thrown for 18 days, putting the crab seedlings, wherein the stocking density of the crab seedlings is 1100 per mu.

The river crab cultivation effects of example 5 and comparative example 1 were compared, and the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison of river crab cultivation results

	Survival rate (%)	Adult crab standard (g)	Mu yield (kg)
				Example 5	91.1	147	147
Comparative example 1	82.5	135	122

Therefore, the culture medium can improve the survival rate and the adult crab specification of the river crabs, thereby obviously improving the acre yield and the quality of the river crabs and having good economic benefit.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.