阅读说明：本技术 基于双层贴片天线的无源无线形变传感器及监测系统 (Passive wireless deformation sensor and monitoring system based on double-layer patch antenna ) 是由 薛松涛 易卓然 谢丽宇 于 2020-12-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于双层贴片天线的无源无线形变传感器及监测系统,其特征在于,包括RFID标签传感器、阅读器和设置模块,其中：基于双层贴片天线的无源无线形变传感器设计,它由三个组件构成,其中：组件二置于组件一上,两者为标签的天线,两平面平行,功能上相互耦合,两者无连接,可以相对移动；组件三为组件二、组件一之间的连接机构；组件一固定于被测结构一侧,组件二通过组件三连接于被测结构另一侧；随着结构产生变形,协同组件二、组件一之间发生相对位移变化,改变两平面的重合面积；RFID标签通过连接机构始终跨接被测结构的两侧以实现对其变形监测,当被测结构因变形将协同改变RFID标签中两个贴面天线重贴面积从而影响其工作谐振频率。(The utility model provides a passive wireless deformation sensor and monitoring system based on double-deck patch antenna which characterized in that, includes RFID label sensor, reads the ware and sets up the module, wherein: the passive wireless deformation sensor design based on double-layer patch antenna comprises three components, wherein: the second component is arranged on the first component, the two components are antennas of the tags, the two planes are parallel, the two planes are functionally coupled with each other, and the two components are not connected and can move relatively; the third component is a connecting mechanism between the second component and the first component; the first component is fixed on one side of the tested structure, and the second component is connected to the other side of the tested structure through the third component; along with the deformation of the structure, the relative displacement change occurs between the cooperative component II and the component I, and the overlapping area of the two planes is changed; the RFID label passes through coupling mechanism and bridges the both sides of being surveyed the structure all the time in order to realize monitoring its deformation, thereby influences its resonant frequency of work because of the deformation will change two wainscot antennas in the RFID label in coordination as being surveyed the structure.)

1. The utility model provides a passive wireless deformation sensor and monitoring system based on double-deck patch antenna which characterized in that includes 8 sensors in RFID label, reads 4 and sets up the module, wherein:

the passive wireless deformation sensor design based on double-layer patch antenna comprises three components, wherein:

the second component is arranged on the first component, the two components are antennas of the tags, the two planes are parallel, the two planes are functionally coupled with each other, and the two components are not connected and can move relatively;

the third component is a connecting mechanism between the second component and the first component;

the first component is fixed on one side of the tested structure, and the second component is connected to the other side of the tested structure through the third component; along with the deformation of the structure, the relative displacement change occurs between the cooperative component II and the component I, and the overlapping area of the two planes is changed;

the RFID label 8 is always connected across two sides of the tested structure 12 through the connecting mechanism 7 to realize deformation monitoring, and when the tested structure 12 is cracked, cracks grow, displaces and deforms, the overlapping area of two veneering antennas in the RFID label 8 is cooperatively changed, so that the working resonant frequency of the RFID label is influenced; the distance between the RFID tag 8 and the reader 4 is within a communication reading range;

the system controls the reader 4 to periodically emit electromagnetic waves with different variable frequencies, the emitted electromagnetic waves with the frequencies are activated when the electromagnetic waves with the frequencies are matched with the current working resonant frequency of the RFID tag, and the RFID tag generates a response signal through an antenna of the RFID tag and establishes communication with the reader 4;

the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID label and performing data processing;

the setting module is used as a man-machine interaction module, and the system sets specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters in an initial state and threshold parameters when the specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters exceed a safety boundary through the setting module.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors,

the RFID tag is used as a sensor for monitoring the width of the crack/displacement/deformation, and the RFID tag 1 is arranged at two positions of the structure to be detected; when the structure is deformed, the first component and the second component which are respectively connected with two points of the structure generate relative displacement, the overlapping length of a pair of mutually coupled radiation patches formed by the radiation patches 3 and the parallel patches 6 is changed, the equivalent capacitance of the load on the antenna is changed, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted; and the RFID reader detects the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label and calculates the relative displacement of the two components according to the corresponding relation, so that the deformation of the structure is calculated.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors,

determining the deformation degree from the initial state to the state of completely losing the safety guarantee according to the specification of the structure to be measured and the material mechanics characteristic parameters, and setting a module for inputting the deformation degree to the system; meanwhile, according to the design of the sensor, the relative overlapping area of the patch is changed, the antenna resonance length is changed, so that the antenna resonance frequency is changed, and the relational expression between the antenna resonance frequency drift amount and the deformation/displacement amount is determined through theoretical analysis and specific tests.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors,

the reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; through the wireless transceiving module and the modulation and demodulation module, the RFID reader can detect the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label, the resonance frequency drift is demodulated by the modulation and demodulation module and then is provided for the control module and the digital processing module, and the digital processing module calculates the relative displacement generated by the two deformed components according to the corresponding relation in the setting module.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first and second sensors,

the control module is used for controlling an RFID reader of the system to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the RFID tag at different frequencies, and when the power of signals received by the RFID tag reaches a threshold value, a chip in the RFID tag can be activated. Minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating label_min(f) Dependent on the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, when the reader is at the resonant frequency f of the patch antenna in the RFID tag_RMinimum transmission power P required for activating the tag when transmitting a signal_min(f_R) And minimum.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the first and second sensors,

the digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value. When the antenna coincidence area changes, the antenna capacitance changes, the resonant frequency drifts, and the resonant frequency drift amount can be determined through the digital processing module, so that the deformation degree of the corresponding structure is obtained, and the passive wireless monitoring of the deformation of the monitored structural component 12 is reflected.

Technical Field

The application relates to a building structure deformation sensor and a monitoring technology thereof.

Background

To accurately evaluate the performance, strength and deterioration of structures, a large number of structural deformation sensors have been developed and put into use.

Conventional building structure deformation sensors, such as stay wire type displacement sensors, pull rod type displacement sensors, strain gauges, fiber optic displacement meters, etc., require intricate leads to be extended to provide energy and transmit data. Therefore, on one hand, the workload of the test is increased, on the other hand, the error probability is increased, and difficulty is brought to troubleshooting before the test.

In view of the above problems of the conventional sensor, the scholars propose a stressed passive wireless deformation sensor based on a single-chip patch antenna. The mechanism of the sensor is that the structural deformation is converted into the deformation of the single-chip patch antenna, and the structural deformation is measured by measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the antenna which change along with the deformation of the antenna. In the measuring stage, the sensor can be stressed to deform, the testing precision and the service life of the stressed passive wireless deformation sensor based on the single-chip patch antenna can be influenced by the adhering strength of the sensor and the shearing force transmission efficiency of the bottom, and therefore the measuring task can not be completed well.

Disclosure of Invention

This application is to prior art's shortcoming, for solving the problem that its atress of the passive wireless deformation sensor of atress formula based on monolithic patch antenna brought, this application has provided a neotype passive wireless deformation sensor based on double-deck patch antenna.

This application has still provided the building structure monitoring system that this novel passive wireless deformation sensor based on double-deck patch antenna founds simultaneously, can reduce structure deformation monitoring cost, realizes under the state of sensor atress not having the passive wireless monitoring of structural change.

The technical scheme of this application design main points:

(1) the passive wireless deformation sensor based on the double-layer patch antenna can sense structural deformation, and the resonant frequency drift amount and the deformation size of the sensor have a clear relation in a fixed range;

(2) the passive wireless deformation sensor based on the double-layer patch antenna is not stressed when in work;

(3) the detection equipment can wirelessly detect the drift amount of the resonant frequency of the antenna, and accordingly, the deformation, such as displacement, crack, strain and the like, experienced by the structure is calculated, and the wireless detection of the structural deformation is realized;

(4) the detection equipment can activate the sensor through electromagnetic waves to enable the sensor to work, and the sensor is passive without an additional power supply; the chip can store simple information such as ID, position of the patch antenna and the like, and dense arrangement and identification of a plurality of sensors in a large range are realized.

Technical scheme two

The utility model provides a passive wireless deformation sensor and monitoring system based on double-deck patch antenna which characterized in that includes 8 sensors in RFID label, reads 4 and sets up the module, wherein:

the passive wireless deformation sensor design based on double-layer patch antenna comprises three components, wherein:

the second component is arranged on the first component, the two components are antennas of the tags, the two planes are parallel, the two planes are functionally coupled with each other, and the two components are not connected and can move relatively;

the third component is a connecting mechanism between the second component and the first component;

the first component is fixed on one side of the tested structure, and the second component is connected to the other side of the tested structure through the third component; along with the deformation of the structure, the relative displacement change occurs between the cooperative component II and the component I, and the overlapping area of the two planes is changed;

the RFID label 8 is always connected across two sides of the tested structure 12 through the connecting mechanism 7 to realize deformation monitoring, and when the tested structure 12 is cracked, cracks grow, displaces and deforms, the overlapping area of two veneering antennas in the RFID label 8 is cooperatively changed, so that the working resonant frequency of the RFID label is influenced; the distance between the RFID tag 8 and the reader 4 is within a communication reading range;

the system controls the reader 4 to periodically emit electromagnetic waves with different variable frequencies, the emitted electromagnetic waves with the frequencies are activated when the electromagnetic waves with the frequencies are matched with the current working resonant frequency of the RFID tag, and the RFID tag generates a response signal through an antenna of the RFID tag and establishes communication with the reader 4;

the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID label and performing data processing;

the setting module is used as a man-machine interaction module, and the system sets specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters in an initial state and threshold parameters when the specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters exceed a safety boundary through the setting module.

The RFID tag is used as a sensor for monitoring the width of the crack/displacement/deformation, and the RFID tag 1 is arranged at two positions of the structure to be detected; when the structure is deformed, the first component and the second component which are respectively connected with two points of the structure generate relative displacement, the overlapping length of a pair of mutually coupled radiation patches formed by the radiation patches 3 and the parallel patches 6 is changed, the equivalent capacitance of the load on the antenna is changed, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted; and the RFID reader detects the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label and calculates the relative displacement of the two components according to the corresponding relation, so that the deformation of the structure is calculated.

Determining the deformation degree from the initial state to the state of completely losing the safety guarantee according to the specification of the structure to be measured and the material mechanics characteristic parameters, and setting a module for inputting the deformation degree to the system; meanwhile, according to the design of the sensor, the relative overlapping area of the patch is changed, the antenna resonance length is changed, so that the antenna resonance frequency is changed, and the relational expression between the antenna resonance frequency drift amount and the deformation/displacement amount is determined through theoretical analysis and specific tests.

The reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; through the wireless transceiving module and the modulation and demodulation module, the RFID reader can detect the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label, the resonance frequency drift is demodulated by the modulation and demodulation module and then is provided for the control module and the digital processing module, and the digital processing module calculates the relative displacement generated by the two deformed components according to the corresponding relation in the setting module.

Wherein the control module is used for controlling the RFID reader of the system to use different frequenciesAnd transmitting the modulated electromagnetic wave signal to the RFID label, and activating a chip in the RFID label when the power of the signal received by the RFID label reaches a threshold value. Minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating label_min(f) Dependent on the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, when the reader is at the resonant frequency f of the patch antenna in the RFID tag_RMinimum transmission power P required for activating the tag when transmitting a signal_min(f_R) And minimum.

The digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value. When the antenna coincidence area changes, the antenna capacitance changes, the resonant frequency drifts, and the resonant frequency drift amount can be determined through the digital processing module, so that the deformation degree of the corresponding structure is obtained, and the passive wireless monitoring of the deformation of the monitored structural component 12 is reflected.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:

(1) information is transmitted through electromagnetic waves, and a coaxial line is not needed, so that a sensing system is simpler, more flexible in arrangement and less prone to failure under natural disasters;

(2) energy is provided through electromagnetic waves, a power supply line or a battery is not needed to provide energy for the sensing system, and labor force for installing the sensor and the cost of the sensing system are reduced;

(3) the resonant frequency of the antenna is used as a parameter to measure the displacement, and the parameter is influenced negligibly by factors such as distance, environmental noise and the like, so that the applicability of the sensing system is improved;

(4) the cost of the sensor is extremely lower than that of the existing sensor, and the sensor can be designed and built together with a structure as prefabricated equipment to build a real-time monitoring network;

compare in other structural deformation sensors based on monolithic patch antenna, the sensor is inside not to produce stress when this application is worked, and the working property can not receive the stress influence to sensor measurement accuracy has been improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor installation application scenario in embodiment 1

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the RFID tag sensor of embodiment 1, which is composed of components one, two, and three

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system configuration and testing in embodiment 2

Detailed Description

The technical solutions provided in the present application will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application have a better implementation and are not intended to limit the present application in any way. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present application should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve a better technical effect. The scope of the preferred embodiments of this application may also include additional implementations, and this should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.

Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

The drawings in the present application are in simplified form and are not to scale, but rather are provided for convenience and clarity in describing the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any modification of the structure, change of the ratio or adjustment of the size of the structure should fall within the scope of the technical disclosure of the present application without affecting the effect and the purpose of the present application. And the same reference numbers appearing in the various drawings of the present application designate the same features or components, which may be employed in different embodiments.

The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. There are 3 examples.

Example 1

Description of basic technical solution

The application discloses passive wireless deformation sensor design based on double-deck patch antenna, for one of the core patent that needs the protection, as shown in figure 1, it comprises three subassembly, wherein:

the second component is arranged on the first component, the two components are antennas of the tags, the two planes are parallel, the two planes are functionally coupled with each other, and the two components are not connected and can move relatively;

the third component is a connecting mechanism between the second component and the first component;

the first component is fixed on one side of the tested structure, and the second component is connected to the other side of the tested structure through the third component; along with the deformation (such as strain, crack width, displacement and the like) of the structure, the relative displacement between the cooperative component II and the component I is changed, and the overlapping area of the two planes is changed.

Secondly, the structure is realized:

the first component consists of a ground plane 1, a substrate 2, a radiation patch 3 and a chip 4;

the ground plane 1, the substrate 2 and the radiation patch 3 are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top;

the substrate 2 is a connector: the chip 4 is soldered on the substrate 2 by soldering, the radiation patch 3 is plated on the upper part of the substrate 2 by a gold immersion process, the ground plane 1 is tightly attached under the substrate 2, and the radiation patch 3 and the chip 4 have the same thickness and are electrically connected.

The second component consists of a parallel patch 6 and a movable substrate 5; the parallel patches 6 are mounted as a functional member on the moving substrate 5 in one body above the radiation patches 3.

The third component is a connecting mechanism 7, the tail part of which is connected to the movable substrate 5, and the head part of which is fixed on the monitored structural component 12.

Thirdly, design principle and beneficial effect:

the present application applies the resonant characteristics of patch antennas. The radiating patch 3 of the first component and the parallel patch 6 of the second component form a pair of mutually coupled radiating patches. When the two components generate relative displacement, the overlapping length of the mutually coupled radiation patches is changed, so that the formed capacitance is changed, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed according to the equivalent resonant design relationship of the patch antenna.

The deformation measuring device comprises three components, deformation is generated along with the structure, and the deformation (such as strain, crack width, displacement and the like) of the structure can be measured by measuring the relative displacement between the two components.

The passive wireless sensor 8 is essentially a passive RFID tag. The passive RFID tag does not need to be pre-loaded with a battery or a feeder line for energy input, but carries out energy input by receiving electromagnetic waves of a transmitting antenna; wireless means this application does not need extra feeder line to carry out data transmission, and the concrete expression is when sensor inner assembly one and subassembly two take place relative displacement and make resonant frequency take place linear drift, and this application user can obtain the change of antenna resonant frequency through reading the passive wireless, and then calculate subassembly one and subassembly two's relative displacement to the appointed deformation of structure is obtained in the measurement.

The sensor can measure the deformation of the building structure under the condition of no stress in the application.

Fourth, as an embodiment, the protection scope of the patent technical solution is only illustrated but not limited, and specific structural details, process implementation, or recommended optimization measures are further given:

the moving substrate 5 is arranged between the parallel patch 6 and the radiation patch 4 at an interval, the two are parallel up and down, and the moving substrate 5 is not connected with the radiation patch 4.

The grounding plane 1, the radiation patch 3 and the parallel patch 5 are made of copper; the substrate 2 and the movable substrate 5 adopt RT5880 dielectric plates; the connecting wire 7 is made of rigid foam.

The performance of the passive wireless deformation sensor 8 based on the double-layer patch antenna is related to the type of the tag antenna, the size of the radiation patch 3 and the width of the parallel patch 6 are optimized, and the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved.

The radiating patches 3 may be designed 32mm by 26mm and the parallel patches 6 may be designed 32mm by 16 mm.

The parallel patches 6 are plated on the moving substrate 5 by a gold immersion process.

Example 2 (application System)

The system patent of the present application is further disclosed below as the second core patent requiring protection.

A monitoring system is further given based on example 1.

The application further discloses a passive wireless deformation sensor and a monitoring system based on the double-layer patch antenna, and measurement without an external wired power supply and under stress can be achieved.

Fig. 3 shows a passive wireless deformation sensor and monitoring system based on a dual-layer patch antenna, which is characterized by comprising an RFID tag 8 (i.e. the sensor in embodiment 1), a reader 4 and a setting module (not shown in the figure), wherein:

the RFID label 8 is always connected across two sides of the tested structure 12 through the connecting mechanism 7 to realize deformation monitoring of the tested structure 12, and when the tested structure 12 is cracked, cracks grow, displaces, deforms and the like, the overlapping area of two facing antennas in the RFID label 8 is cooperatively changed, so that the working resonant frequency of the RFID label is influenced; the distance between the RFID tag 8 and the reader 4 is within the communication read range.

The system controls the reader 4 to periodically (for example, but not limited to, every 1 month, for example, every 1 year, monitoring 12 times) emit electromagnetic waves with variable different frequencies, the emitted electromagnetic waves with different frequencies are activated when matching the current working resonant frequency of the RFID tag, and the RFID tag generates a response signal through its antenna to establish communication with the reader 4;

the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID label and performing data processing;

the setting module is used as a man-machine interaction module, and the system sets specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters in an initial state and threshold parameters when the specific crack/displacement/deformation parameters exceed a safety boundary through the setting module.

The RFID tag acts as a sensor to monitor the width of the crack/displacement/deformation. Referring to embodiment 1, RFID tags 1 are mounted at two sites of a structure to be tested. When the structure is deformed, the first component and the second component which are respectively connected with two points of the structure generate relative displacement, the overlapping length of a pair of mutually coupled radiation patches formed by the radiation patches 3 and the parallel patches 6 is changed, the equivalent capacitance of the load on the antenna is changed, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted; the RFID reader detects the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label, and calculates the relative displacement of the two components according to the corresponding relation, so that the deformation of the structure, such as displacement, strain and the like, is calculated.

According to the specification of the structure to be measured and the characteristic parameters of the mechanics of materials, determining the deformation degree from the initial state to the state of losing the safety guarantee completely through theoretical analysis and tests, and setting a module for inputting the deformation degree to the system; meanwhile, according to the design of the sensor, the relative overlapping area of the patches is changed, the antenna capacitance is changed, so that the antenna resonant frequency is changed, and the relational expression between the antenna resonant frequency drift amount and the deformation/displacement amount is determined through theoretical analysis and specific tests.

The reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; the wireless transceiver module and the modem module are all known technologies in the field, and are not innovative points of the present application. Through the wireless transceiving module and the modulation and demodulation module, the RFID reader can detect the resonance frequency drift of the RFID label, the resonance frequency drift is demodulated by the modulation and demodulation module and then is provided for the control module and the digital processing module, and the digital processing module calculates the relative displacement generated by the two deformed components according to the corresponding relation in the setting module.

The control module is used for controlling an RFID reader of the system to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the RFID tag at different frequencies, and when the power of signals received by the RFID tag reaches a threshold value, a chip in the RFID tag can be activated. Minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating label_min(f) Dependent on the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, when the reader is at the resonant frequency f of the patch antenna in the RFID tag_RMinimum transmission power P required for activating the tag when transmitting a signal_min(f_R) Minimum size。

The digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value. When the antenna coincidence area changes, the antenna capacitance changes, the resonant frequency drifts, and the resonant frequency drift amount can be determined through the digital processing module, so that the deformation degree of the corresponding structure is obtained, and the passive wireless monitoring of the deformation of the monitored structural component 12 is reflected.

Example 3

On the basis of the embodiment 2, the passive wireless monitoring on the deformation of the building structure in a large range is realized.

The system also comprises a storage module, wherein the codes and the position information of the tags carried by the chips in the electronic tag sensors 8 are prestored, the system utilizes an RFID reader to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the tags, the codes of the tags can be identified, when a plurality of RFID tags are arranged in the scanning range of the RFID reader, the reader can mark the state of the monitored structural part at each measuring point according to the codes of the tags, locate and screen out unhealthy structural parts and determine the crack width value.

The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure should be considered as equivalent effective embodiments, and all the changes or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.