阅读说明：本技术 一种自驱永磁无刷电机和设备 (Self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor and equipment ) 是由 黄中汶 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种自驱永磁无刷电机和设备,其中电机包括定子、转子、感应开关和信号件,感应开关的数量与定子的相数相同；转子与信号件固定连接,信号件随转子转动时经过各感应开关,信号件上设有均匀分布的感应区域；每个感应区域的区域夹角满足一定的角度关系；感应区域的轴对称线与转子的磁极分界线的夹角X,定子线圈的轴对称线与感应开关的轴对称线的夹角Y,X与Y的角度满足一定对应关系。本发明的结构使无刷电机控制更准确,旋转力矩更均匀,效率更高。(The invention discloses a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor and equipment, wherein the motor comprises a stator, a rotor, induction switches and signal pieces, and the number of the induction switches is the same as that of the phases of the stator; the rotor is fixedly connected with the signal part, the signal part passes through each inductive switch when rotating along with the rotor, and the signal part is provided with uniformly distributed inductive areas; the included angle of each induction area meets a certain angle relation; the included angle X between the axial symmetry line of the induction area and the boundary line of the magnetic poles of the rotor, the included angle Y between the axial symmetry line of the stator coil and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch, and the angle between the X and the Y satisfy a certain corresponding relation. The structure of the invention ensures that the brushless motor is more accurately controlled, the rotating torque is more uniform and the efficiency is higher.)

1. A self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor comprises a stator, a rotor, induction switches and signal pieces, wherein the number of the induction switches is the same as the number of phases of the stator; the rotor is fixedly connected with the signal part, and the signal part passes through each inductive switch when rotating along with the rotor; when the stators of all phases are connected in parallel, the area included angle alpha of each induction area meets the following requirements: the included angle between stator windings/n < alpha < the included angle between rotor magnetic poles, n is the ratio of the number of rotor pole pairs to the number of stator pole pairs, and n =1,2,3, … …; an included angle between an axial symmetry line of the induction area and a magnetic pole boundary line of the rotor is X, an included angle between an axial symmetry line of the stator coil and an axial symmetry line of the induction switch is Y, and X = Y; when the stators of each phase are connected in a star-shaped mode, the area included angle alpha of each induction area meets the following requirements: the included angle between the stator windings/2 n < alpha < the included angle between the stator windings/n; the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the induction area and the magnetic pole boundary line of the rotor is X, the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the stator coil and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch is Y, X = Y +/-stator winding included angle/4 n, n is the ratio of the number of pole pairs of the rotor to the number of pole pairs of the stator, and n =1,2,3 … ….

2. The self-propelled permanent magnet brushless electric machine of claim 1, wherein: each induction switch is provided with one induction point or two induction points, and when one induction point is adopted, the number of the induction areas is the same as the number of the pole pairs of the rotor; when two induction points are adopted, the induction points are distributed along the diameter direction of a circle formed by the end points of the signal piece, and the number of the induction areas is two times of the number of pole pairs of the rotor.

3. The self-propelled permanent magnet brushless electric machine of claim 1, wherein: the inductive switch is a photoelectric switch, the signal piece is a shading disc, and an inductive area on the shading disc is a light through groove.

4. A self-driving permanent magnet brushless motor according to claim 3, wherein: the photoelectric switch is of a correlation structure or a reflection structure, a correlation structure is adopted, and the photoelectric switch is conducted when the light-transmitting groove passes through the photoelectric switch; and by adopting a reflection structure, when the light-passing groove passes through the photoelectric switch, the photoelectric switch is switched off.

5. The self-propelled permanent magnet brushless electric machine of claim 1, wherein: the inductive switch is a Hall switch, and the signal piece is a magnetic disk or a magnetic pole.

6. The self-propelled permanent magnet brushless electric machine of claim 1, wherein: the inductive switch is a capacitance switch, and the signal piece is a measured polar plate.

7. An apparatus, characterized by: a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor comprising a permanent magnet brushless motor according to any of claims 1 to 6.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a control unit, the inductive switch in the motor being connected to the control unit by a wire.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of brushless motors, in particular to a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor and self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor equipment.

Background

The permanent magnet brushless motor mainly comprises a motor body and a driving circuit, is a typical electromechanical integration product, and replaces the brush and commutator structure of the traditional brush motor through the driving circuit, so that the motor has longer service life, lower noise and higher efficiency. However, the driving circuit of the existing brushless motor is composed of a complex sensing circuit and a complex control circuit, and the cost of the driving circuit is equivalent to that of the motor body, even slightly higher than that of the motor body, so that compared with a brush motor, the cost of the brushless motor is higher, and the wide application of the brushless motor in products is limited.

In order to solve the problem, in the prior art, there is a technical scheme for driving a brushless motor to operate through an induction switch, and the induction switch controls the corresponding stator coil winding to be powered on or powered off to drive a rotor to rotate, so as to drive the brushless motor. The technology saves a complex sensing and driving control circuit of the traditional brushless motor, so that the cost of the motor is greatly reduced. However, in the above scheme, due to the defects and undefined parameters in the design of the inductive switch, the motor cannot be started or the starting direction cannot be accurately controlled easily, the motor has the problems of large torque fluctuation amplitude, large noise, serious heat generation, low working efficiency and the like, and the practical application requirements cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor and equipment, which can realize accurate motor control, uniform torque, stable operation and high working efficiency.

The invention provides a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor which comprises a stator, a rotor, induction switches and signal pieces, wherein the number of the induction switches is the same as that of the phases of the stator; the rotor is fixedly connected with the signal piece, the signal piece passes through each inductive switch when rotating along with the rotor, and the signal piece is provided with uniformly distributed inductive areas; when the stators of all phases are connected in parallel, the area included angle alpha of each induction area meets the following requirements: the included angle between stator windings/n < alpha < the included angle between rotor magnetic poles, n is the ratio of the number of rotor pole pairs to the number of stator pole pairs, and n =1,2,3, … …; the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the induction area and the magnetic pole boundary line of the rotor is X, the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the stator coil and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch is Y, and X = Y. When the stators of each phase are connected in a star-shaped mode, the area included angle alpha of each induction area meets the following requirements: the included angle between the stator windings/2 n < alpha < the included angle between the stator windings/n; the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the induction area and the magnetic pole boundary line of the rotor is X, the included angle between the axial symmetry line of the stator coil and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch is Y, X = Y +/-stator winding included angle/4 n, n is the ratio of the number of pole pairs of the rotor to the number of pole pairs of the stator, and n =1,2,3, … ….

Further, each induction switch is provided with one induction point or two induction points, and when one induction point is adopted, the number of the induction areas is the same as the number of pole pairs of the rotor. When two induction points are adopted, the induction points are distributed along the diameter direction of a circle formed by the end points of the signal piece, the number of the induction areas is twice of the number of pole pairs of the rotor, the structure can ensure that at least two groups of stator coils are electrified at any moment to push the rotor to rotate, so that the output torque of the motor is larger, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

Furthermore, the inductive switch is a photoelectric switch, the signal part is a light shielding disc, and an inductive area on the light shielding disc is a light through groove.

Furthermore, the photoelectric switch is of an opposite structure or a reflection structure, and when the light-passing groove passes through the photoelectric switch in the opposite structure, the photoelectric switch is conducted; and under the condition of adopting a reflection structure, when the light-passing groove passes through the photoelectric switch, the photoelectric switch is switched off.

Further, the inductive switch is a hall switch, and the signal part is a magnetic disk or a magnetic pole.

Furthermore, the inductive switch is a capacitance switch, and the signal part is a measured polar plate.

The invention also provides equipment comprising the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor in any technical scheme.

Furthermore, the equipment also comprises a control unit, wherein an inductive switch in the motor is connected with the control unit through a wire, so that the rotating speed of the motor can be fed back in real time to carry out dynamic control.

The induction areas on the signal pieces are uniformly distributed, so that the uniform and continuous stability of the rotating torque of the motor is ensured; the included angle of the induction area meets a certain condition, so that at least one induction switch is in a conduction state at any time, the problem that the motor cannot be driven due to the existence of dead zones is avoided, and the directions and the magnitudes of torques given to the rotor when each coil is connected are the same in the rotation process of the rotor, so that the rotation torque of the motor is larger and more stable, and the efficiency is higher; the angle between the X and the Y included angles satisfies a certain relation, the rotor can be controlled to rotate in a determined direction no matter what angle the rotor is positioned, and the rotor is controlled to work within the optimal efficiency range, so that the control of the motor is more accurate and reliable, and the performance is better.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet rotor according to the embodiment of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of an included angle between magnetic poles of a rotor of the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an included angle between stator windings of a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an included angle X of the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Y-angle of the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor with two induction points;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a correlation type photo-electric switch in an embodiment of the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a reflection-type photoelectric switch in an embodiment of the self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a unidirectional rotating self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bi-directional rotating self-driven permanent magnet brushless motor;

FIG. 12 is a circuit schematic of the embodiment of FIG. 7;

FIG. 13 is a circuit schematic of the three-phase stator star connection of the embodiment of FIG. 7;

reference numerals:

1-shell, 2-rotor, 3-stator, 4-signal element, 41-induction zone, 5-induction switch, 51-induction point.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the permanent magnet brushless motor includes a housing 1, a stator 3, a rotor 2, an induction switch 5, and a signal member 4. The rotor 2 comprises a single or multiple pairs of magnetic poles and the stator 3 is a coil winding evenly distributed around the rotor 2.

As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the number of the inductive switches 5 is the same as the number of the phases of the stator 3, the rotor 2 is fixedly connected with the signal piece 4, the signal piece 4 passes through each inductive switch 5 when rotating along with the rotor 2, and the signal piece 4 is provided with uniformly distributed inductive areas 41.

When the stators 3 of each phase are connected in parallel and the induction switch 5 has only one induction point, the number of the induction areas 41 is the same as the number of pole pairs of the rotor 2. As shown in fig. 6, the sensing switch 5 has a sensing point 51, when the sensing area 41 rotates to the position of the sensing point 51, the sensing switch 5 is turned on, the corresponding coil winding stator 3 is energized, so as to generate magnetic force to push the rotor 2 to rotate, the rotor 2 drives the signal part 4 to rotate together, when the sensing area 41 rotates to be staggered from the sensing point 51, the sensing switch 5 is turned off, and the corresponding coil winding stator 3 is de-energized. In this case, in order to allow the rotor to rotate continuously, the included angle α of each sensing region 41 must satisfy: the included angle between stator windings/n < alpha < the included angle between rotor magnetic poles, n is the ratio of the number of rotor pole pairs to the number of stator pole pairs, and n =1,2,3, … …. The stator winding inter-winding angle is shown in fig. 4, and the rotor inter-pole angle is shown in fig. 3. The included angle alpha of the area is in the range, on one hand, at least one induction switch 5 is in a conducting state at any time, the condition that the motor cannot be started due to the existence of a dead zone is avoided, and meanwhile, the stator of each phase coil winding can realize stable continuous relay, on the other hand, the stator can be powered off before the rotor rotates to the maximum acting force, or the rotor is powered on after the rotor rotates to the maximum acting force, so that the condition that resistance is generated to prevent the rotation is avoided.

The angle between the axial symmetry line of the induction area 41 and the boundary line of the magnetic poles of the rotor 2 is X, and the angle between the axial symmetry line of the coil of the stator 3 and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch 5 is Y, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the two angles are related as follows: x = Y. The structure enables the rotor 2 to have the same torque direction and the same magnitude when each coil is switched on in the rotating process of the rotor 2, so that the rotating torque of the motor is larger and more stable, and the efficiency is higher.

When there are two sensing points on the sensing switch 5, as shown in fig. 7, the two sensing points 51 are distributed along the diameter of the signal member 4, which is the case when the signal member 4 is a disk; when the signal element 4 is of another shape, the sensing points 51 are distributed along the diameter of the circle enclosed by the end points of the signal element 4. Accordingly, the number of sensing areas 41 on the signal element 4 is increased to twice the number of pole pairs of the rotor 2. Every two adjacent inductive areas 41 are staggered so that they rotate in tandem with two inductive points 51 on each inductive switch 5. The structure can ensure that at least two groups of stator coils of the motor are electrified at any time to push the rotor to rotate, so that the output torque of the motor is larger, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

Further, when an inductive switch having two inductive points as shown in fig. 7 is used, the connection between the stators 3 of the respective phases may be connected in a star type. When the stator 3 adopts a star connection, the area included angle α of each induction area 41 satisfies: the included angle between the stator windings/2 n < alpha < the included angle between the stator windings/n, the included angle X between the axial symmetry line of the induction region 41 and the boundary line of the magnetic poles of the rotor 2, the included angle Y between the axial symmetry line of the coil of the stator 3 and the axial symmetry line of the induction switch 5, X = Y +/-included angle between the stator windings/4 n, n is the ratio of the number of pole pairs of the rotor to the number of pole pairs of the stator, and n =1,2,3 and … …. Similarly, the range of α and the angle relationship between X and Y are defined, so that on one hand, at least one signal point of the inductive switch 5 is in a conducting state at any time, and the motor is prevented from being incapable of driving due to a dead zone, and on the other hand, the stator can be powered off before the rotor rotates to the maximum acting force, or powered on after the rotor rotates to the maximum acting force, so as to prevent resistance from blocking rotation.

As a form for realizing the above technical scheme, the inductive switch 5 is a photoelectric switch, the corresponding signal part 4 is a light shielding disc, and light passing grooves which are uniformly distributed are formed in the light shielding disc.

The photoelectric switch is divided into a correlation type and a reflection type, when the correlation type photoelectric switch is adopted, the sensing area 41 is a light-passing groove, the transmitting end and the receiving end of the photoelectric switch are positioned at two sides of the shading disc, and the switch is conducted when the light-passing groove passes through the photoelectric switch, as shown in fig. 8; when the reflection-type photoelectric switch is adopted, the reflection-type photoelectric switch is only needed to be arranged on one side of the shading disc, the motor is more convenient to assemble, the structure is more compact, the size is smaller, the sensing area 41 at the moment is the shading disc part outside the light through groove, and when the light through groove passes through the photoelectric switch, the switch is disconnected, as shown in fig. 9.

If the structure shown in fig. 7 is adopted, two induction points of the induction switch 5 correspond to the inner and outer light-passing grooves of the shading disk, and for the stator connected in parallel, the induction point 51 near the outer edge of the shading disk controls the stator coil to be electrified in the forward direction (or reverse direction), and the induction point 51 near the inner edge of the shading disk controls the stator coil to be electrified in the reverse direction (or forward direction). For the stator connected in a star manner, the induction point 51 close to the outer edge of the shading disc controls current to flow in or out of two phases of the three-phase winding, the induction point 51 close to the inner edge of the shading disc controls current to flow in or out of the two phases in a reverse direction, the three induction switches generate six signals, and the six signals are connected with the driving circuit according to a certain driving sequence to realize the continuous rotation of the driving motor.

As another form for realizing the above technical solution, the inductive switch 5 is a hall switch, and the signal element 4 is a magnetic disk or a magnetic pole. When the hall switch has two sensing points 51, the sensing points 51 are two different unipolar hall switches, respectively, one polarity switch only acts on the N-pole magnetic field, and the other polarity switch only acts on the S-pole magnetic field.

As another form for realizing the above technical solution, the inductive switch 5 is a capacitive switch, and the signal element 4 is a measured electrode plate. When the capacitance switch has two sensing points 51, that is, two sensing electrodes, the signal element 4 is two measured electrode plates, or two sets of sensing areas are uniformly distributed on one measured electrode plate.

The above lists only a few combinations of inductive switches and signaling elements, and there may be other contact or non-contact switches that can be applied in the technical solution of the present embodiment without departing from the scope of the inventive idea of the present invention.

Fig. 10 to 13 are schematic circuit diagrams of the permanent magnet brushless motor, fig. 10 is a unidirectional rotating motor in which stators are connected in parallel, and fig. 11 is a forward and reverse rotating motor in which stators are connected in parallel. In fig. 10, a photoelectric switch circuit is arranged on the left side of the dotted line, the emitting end of the photoelectric switch circuit is a light emitting diode, the receiving end of the photoelectric switch circuit is a phototriode, and the middle of the photoelectric switch circuit is a signal part 4. When the optical signal of the transmitting end can be received by the receiving end, the phototriode is conducted, and the generated electric signal enters the power module on the right side of the dotted line. The power module comprises a field effect transistor, the grid electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the signal output end of the photoelectric switch, the drain electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the positive electrode VDD of the power supply, the source electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the stator coil of the motor and then connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the photoelectric switch module and the power module are connected in a common ground mode, so that the photoelectric switch module and the power module form a complete branch. The plurality of photoelectric switches are connected with the multiphase stator to form a plurality of branches which are all connected with a power supply VDD in parallel. When a certain photoelectric switch is switched on, the stator coil in the branch circuit is electrified to generate magnetic force to drive the rotor 2 to move, the rotor 2 drives the signal part 4 to rotate, before the rotor 2 rotates to reach the maximum stress point, the signal part 4 triggers the next photoelectric switch to be switched on, the stator coil of the next phase is electrified to generate magnetic force to continue to drive the rotor 2 to move, meanwhile, the previous photoelectric switch is switched off, and the newly electrified stator coil continues to drive the rotor 2 to rotate. Reciprocating in this way, continuous rotary motion of the rotor 2 is achieved.

The motor connected in this way as shown in fig. 10 has low circuit cost, but can only realize unidirectional rotation. In fig. 11, the gates of each two fets in the power module on the right of the dotted line are connected in parallel and then connected to the signal line of the photoelectric switch; and after the source electrodes are respectively connected with a diode, the source electrodes are connected in parallel in a forward and reverse direction, and then are connected with the stator coil to form a branch. A plurality of said branches are connected in parallel to the power supply circuit. The motor connected in this way can realize positive and negative rotation of the motor by changing the positive and negative poles of the power supply.

Fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of the embodiment of fig. 7, in which the left side is an inductive switch circuit having two inductive points, the middle is a forward/reverse switching module, and the right side is a driving circuit with four fets connected in bridge, and if the motor does not need to switch forward/reverse, the inductive point 51 of the left inductive switch can be directly connected to the corresponding signal point of the right bridge driving circuit. When the motor needs to switch forward and reverse rotation, a forward and reverse rotation driving module is needed to be added, the forward and reverse rotation driving module is used for exchanging signal points of the induction switch, for example, a1 signal is output to a1 'during forward rotation, a2 signal is output to a2', a1 signal is output to a2 'during reverse rotation, and a2 signal is output to a 1'. The function of the forward and reverse rotation switching module can be realized through a mechanical switch and also can be realized through a circuit.

Fig. 13 is a circuit schematic diagram of the star-shaped connection form of the stator of the embodiment of fig. 7, wherein the left six field effect transistors form a three-phase inverter circuit, and the right three-phase winding is in star-shaped connection. The three inductive switches generate six signals, and each signal is connected with the control ends of the six field effect transistors in pairs. For example, when the motor rotates clockwise, the sequence of triggering the inductive switch signals is a1-c2-b1-a2-c1-b2, and when the brushless motor is driven to rotate clockwise, the sequence of energizing the windings is AB- -AC- -BC- -BA- -CA- -CB, so that the a1 signals are connected to the inverters sw1 and sw4, the c2 signals are connected to sw1 and sw2, and the like.

The permanent magnet brushless motor described in this embodiment may be an inner rotor motor or an outer rotor motor.

The embodiment also provides a device which can be a household appliance or an industrial electrical device and comprises the permanent magnet brushless motor in any technical scheme. The automatic control equipment further comprises a control unit, wherein the induction switch 5 in the motor is connected with the control unit, and the signal frequency of the induction switch 5 is fed back to the control unit, so that the control unit can know the actual running speed of the motor. According to actual needs, the control unit can automatically adjust the size of the VDD to realize closed-loop control of the motor.

The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.