阅读说明：本技术 结构材料、结构物、结构物的制造方法、密封用组成物和离子供给材料 (Structural material, structural object, method for producing structural object, sealing composition, and ion-supplying material ) 是由 吉田英一 丸山一平 于 2019-08-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：结构材料包括：母材,其用于形成结构；以及离子供给源,其存在于母材的内部或者表面,并用于供给构成在母材所配设的环境的温度下在水中的溶解度为第一值以下的难溶性盐的阳离子和阴离子中的至少一方。(The structural material comprises: a base material for forming a structure; and an ion supply source that is present inside or on the surface of the base material and supplies at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a poorly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed.)

1. A structural material, comprising:

a base material for forming a structure; and

and an ion supply source that is present inside or on the surface of the base material and supplies at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a poorly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed.

2. The structural material of claim 1,

the ion supply source includes an ion exchange resin to which at least one of the cation and the anion is adsorbed.

3. The structural material of claim 1 or 2,

the ion supply source comprises a capsule that contains,

the capsule is internally wrapped with soluble salt or ion exchange resin,

the easily soluble salt is a salt which contains at least one of the cation and the anion and has a solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed higher than the first value,

the ion exchange resin contains at least one of the cation and the anion.

4. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 3,

the ion supply source comprises a sheet of material,

the sheet contains a lyotropic salt or an ion exchange resin,

the easily soluble salt is a salt which contains at least one of the cation and the anion and has a solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed higher than the first value,

the ion exchange resin contains at least one of the cation and the anion.

5. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 4,

the voids inside the structural material are filled with the sparingly soluble salt.

6. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 5,

forming a surface layer containing the sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the structural material or the base material.

7. A structural material, comprising:

a base material for forming a structure; and

and a surface layer formed on the surface of the base material and containing a salt that is hardly soluble in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed and has a solubility of a first value or less.

8. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 7,

the first value is a value of solubility of a compound that is a main component of the base material.

9. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 8,

the insoluble salt is calcium carbonate.

10. The structural material of any one of claims 1 to 9,

the base material contains a poorly soluble compound having a solubility in water of a second value or less greater than a first value at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed,

the sparingly-soluble compound is composed of an ion of the same type as at least one of a cation and an anion constituting the sparingly-soluble salt.

11. The structural material of claim 10,

the insoluble compound is calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate.

12. A structure, comprising:

a foundation; and

a body connected to the base,

at least one of the base and the trunk includes a structural material,

the structural material comprises a base material for forming a structure,

a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed is formed on a surface of the base material or in a void in or around the base material.

13. A method of constructing a structure from the structural material of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:

disposing the base material; and

and providing the ion supply source in the base material or on the surface of the base material.

14. The method of constructing a structure according to claim 13,

the step of providing the ion supply source comprises: a step of including the ion supply source in the base material before the step of disposing the base material.

15. The method of constructing a structure according to claim 13,

the structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground,

the step of providing the ion supply source comprises: a step of forming a layer containing the ion supply source on a surface of a bedrock or a ground layer around the space where the base material is arranged, prior to the step of arranging the base material.

16. The method of constructing a structure according to claim 13,

the structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground,

such that the step of including the ion supply comprises: and injecting the ion source between the base material and a bedrock or a ground layer around the space or into the base material after the step of disposing the base material.

17. The method of constructing a structure according to any one of claims 13 to 16,

further comprising: a step of acquiring information on the composition of a substance or mineral that is already present or expected to be present in the future at or around the location where the base material is disposed,

in the step of providing the ion supply source, the ion supply source is provided in a kind or amount corresponding to a composition of the substance or mineral.

18. A method of constructing a structure from the structural material of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:

disposing the base material; and

forming a surface layer containing the sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the base material.

19. The method of constructing a structure according to claim 18,

the step of forming the surface layer comprises: and applying or spraying a first liquid containing a cation constituting the sparingly soluble salt and a second liquid containing an anion constituting the sparingly soluble salt onto the surface of the base material.

20. The method of constructing a structure according to claim 18,

the structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground,

the step of forming the surface layer comprises: before the step of disposing the base material, a step of applying or spraying a first liquid containing a cation constituting a sparingly soluble salt and a second liquid containing an anion constituting a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of a bedrock or a ground layer around a space where the base material is disposed.

21. The method of constructing a structure according to any one of claims 18 to 20,

further comprising: a step of acquiring information on the composition of a substance or mineral that is already present or expected to be present in the future at or around the location where the base material is disposed,

in the step of forming the surface layer, a surface layer containing the sparingly soluble salt of a species corresponding to the composition of the substance or mineral is formed.

22. A sealing composition for forming a surface layer on a surface of a base material for forming a structure, or for filling or closing a gap or a crack in the inside or outside of the base material, comprising:

a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and

an ion exchange resin to which the cation or anion is adsorbed.

23. A sealing composition for forming a surface layer on a surface of a base material for forming a structure, or for filling or closing a gap or a crack in the inside or outside of the base material, comprising:

a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and

and a counter ion capable of forming, with the cation or anion, a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water at a temperature in a deployment environment greater than the predetermined value.

24. A sealing composition for forming a surface layer on a surface of a base material for forming a structure, or for filling or closing a gap or a crack in the inside or outside of the base material, comprising:

a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water at a temperature of a deployment environment of a prescribed value or less.

25. The sealing composition as set forth in any one of claims 22 to 24,

the insoluble salt is calcium carbonate.

26. An ion supplying material, characterized in that,

at least one of a cation and an anion is supplied to form a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment.

27. The ion supplying material according to claim 26, comprising:

an ion exchange resin containing at least one of a cation and an anion constituting the sparingly soluble salt; or

A capsule containing one of the cation and the anion, and containing a salt which is easily soluble in water at a temperature in a disposition environment and has a solubility higher than the predetermined value or the ion exchange resin; or

A sheet containing the easily soluble salt or the ion exchange resin.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a structural material, and more particularly, to a structural material for building a Structure (Structure), a Structure built from the structural material, a method for building the Structure, a sealing composition that can be used for the Structure, and an ion supply material that can be used for the Structure.

Background

Not only on the ground, but also on the sea bottom and underground, many structures are built. There are also structures that need to be constructed deep underground, such as tunnels, underground disposal sites for radioactive waste, and the like. The deeper the depth of the drilled underground cavity, the more difficult it is to avoid sudden water gushes and the like due to the increase in pore water pressure of the underground water. Therefore, in order to safely utilize the underground environment or the cavity for a long period of time, a technique capable of stopping the groundwater for a long period of time even under a high pore water pressure is indispensable. In addition, it is also necessary to improve the durability of the structural material constituting the structure.

(Prior art document)

(patent document)

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 4-1365

Disclosure of Invention

(problems to be solved by the invention)

Conventionally, as described in patent document 1, for example, a crack injection filler such as cement (cement) having good permeability is injected into a crack by inserting an injection pipe into an injection hole formed in the crack and facing a discharge port thereof to the crack, and the crack injection filler is cured in the crack to stop water.

Further, when constructing an underground structure such as a tunnel, since a gap inevitably occurs in a contact portion between an underground structure such as a tunnel and a foundation (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a "tunnel contact portion") due to insufficient pouring of concrete on an upper surface and shrinkage of concrete caused by hardening and drying of the concrete, a grouting (grout) material such as cement or mortar (mortar) is filled in the tunnel contact portion to perform water stopping and reinforcement.

However, it has not been sufficiently verified whether the durability of the conventional structure can be maintained for a long period of time of several decades or more based on the water stopping of the conventional art. It is necessary to develop a technique that can be used to maintain the strength and durability of the water-stopping portion and the structural material for a long period of time.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a technique for improving the durability of a structural material or a structural object.

(measures taken to solve the problems)

In order to solve the above problem, a structural material according to one aspect of the present application includes: a base material for forming a structure; and an ion supply source that is present inside or on the surface of the base material and supplies at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a poorly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed.

Another form of the present application is also a structural material. The structural material comprises: a base material for forming a structure; and a surface layer formed on the surface of the base material and containing a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed.

Another embodiment of the present application is a structure. The structure includes: a foundation; and a body connected to the base, wherein at least one of the base and the body contains a structural material, the structural material contains a base material for forming a structure, and a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed is formed in a gap on a surface of the base material, or inside or around the base material.

Yet another aspect of the present application is a method of constructing a structure. The method is a method of constructing a structure from a structural material, comprising: arranging a base material; and a step of providing an ion supply source in the interior or on the surface of the base material.

Yet another aspect of the present application is a method of constructing a structure. The method is a method of constructing a structure from a structural material, comprising: arranging a base material; and forming a surface layer containing a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the base material.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and comprises: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and an ion exchange resin to which at least one of a cation and an anion is adsorbed.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and comprises: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and a counter ion which can form, with the cation or anion, a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water of more than a predetermined value at a temperature of a deployment environment.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or for filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and contains a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment.

Yet another aspect of the present application is an ion donating material. The ion supply material supplies at least one of a cation and an anion for constituting a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment.

(Effect of the invention)

According to the present application, the durability of the structural material or the structure can be improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a graph showing a formation speed diagram for estimating a formation speed of a condensate.

Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a structure of the embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the structure of the embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the structure of the embodiment.

Fig. 5 shows the results of an experiment for forming a sparingly soluble salt using a sample imitating the structural material of the embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a photograph of a sample sheet taken by a polarization microscope (transmitted light) after one week (week) from the start of the experiment.

Fig. 7 is a photograph of a sample sheet taken by a polarization microscope (polarized light) after one week from the start of the experiment.

Fig. 8 is a photograph of a sample slice taken by a scanning electron microscope at one week from the start of the experiment.

Fig. 9 is a photograph of a sample slice taken by a scanning electron microscope at one week from the start of the experiment.

Fig. 10 is a graph showing the distribution of the size of calcium carbonate crystals formed on the test piece when one week has elapsed from the start of the experiment.

Detailed Description

The present inventors have studied on spherical masses called coagulations (coagulations) found in formations where rock is deposited. This coagulate is a very dense and hard block of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that, in most cases, contains fossils inside. The concretions are also found in earth formations tens of thousands to thousands of years ago, but even in the case where the surrounding bedrock, earth formation, is weathered by long-term exposure to the natural environment, the concretions retain in most cases an undeweathered spherical shape. It was found that the storage state of the internal fossil was extremely good, and the fossil was stored almost without being deteriorated for tens of millions of years.

According to the studies of the present inventors, it was clarified that the coagulum was formed by the following process: the carbon component of the body tissue of the living body contained as a fossil is bicarbonate ion (HCO)₃ ^-) And then seeps out of the openings and the like, diffuses in the surrounding formation under the action of the concentration gradient, and chemically reacts with calcium ions present in the formation, and precipitates as calcium carbonate having low solubility in water. According to this mechanism, the condensate rapidly grows into a spherical shape centering on organs in which carbon components constituting the body of the living body exude to the outside as bicarbonate ions, forms a chemically very stable and dense barrier that is not weathered even when exposed to the natural environment in a short period of time around the living body, and then preserves fossils of the living body inside in a good state for tens of millions of years.

The inventor thinks that: by applying such a mechanism, a surface layer of a poorly soluble salt such as calcium carbonate can be formed on the outer surface of a base material for forming a structure of cement, concrete, or the like, thereby suppressing deterioration of a structural material and dramatically improving the strength and durability of a structure.

That is, the structural material of the embodiment of the present application includes: a base material for forming a structure; and an ion supply source that is present inside or on the surface of the base material and supplies at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a poorly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed.

Since there is no concrete structure that has been built for thousands of years or more, anyone does not know whether or not the concrete structure that has been built can be durable for a long time in the future. However, the presence of coagulum demonstrates that the surface layer formed of calcium carbonate has a durability that does not deteriorate over thousands of years and for long and continuous exposure to the elements. It is expected that a structure that can be semipermanently durable can be built by covering a structural material with a surface layer of calcium carbonate or the like formed by the same mechanism as the condensate.

The sparingly soluble salt is, for example, calcium carbonate, and the ion supply source supplies, for example, calcium ions. In this case, contrary to the process of generating the condensate, the calcium ions supplied from the ion supply source diffuse into the voids present in the matrix and the surrounding water as a medium to the surface and the voids in the matrix, and react with the bicarbonate ions or carbonate ions (CO) present in the periphery of the matrix₃ ^2-) A chemical reaction occurs to precipitate calcium carbonate. Accordingly, as in the case of the condensate, the surface and the internal voids of the structural material can be covered with the surface layer formed of a poorly soluble salt such as calcium carbonate, and therefore, chemical deterioration of the structural material, deterioration of the structural material due to environmental conditions such as temperature change, and deterioration of the strength of the structural material due to leaching of the components constituting the base material to the outside, which are caused by the infiltration of water around the structural material, substances such as acid, alkali, oxidizing agent, and reducing agent dissolved in water, into the interior of the structural material, can be suppressed, and the durability of the structural material can be improved. Further, the surface of the structural material can be covered with a surface layer of a hard sparingly soluble salt, and the voids in the interior of the structural material can be filled with the sparingly soluble salt, so that the strength of the structural material can be improved. In the same manner as the formation of the condensate, bicarbonate ions are supplied from the ion supply source, and calcium carbonate precipitates are formed by a chemical reaction with calcium ions around the structural material.

The sparingly soluble salt may be, for example, a carbonate such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or ferrous carbonate (siderite), or calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg (CO) as long as it has a very low solubility in water at the temperature of the environment in which the structural material is disposed, is chemically stable, and does not contaminate the surrounding natural environment₃)₂And double salts such as dolomite (dolimite)), and sulfates such as calcium sulfate. The solubility of calcium carbonate also depends on the crystal structure, etc., and is about 0.0015 g/100g water at 20 deg.C]Solubility of magnesium carbonate0.039[ g/100g water at 20 DEG C]The solubility of ferrous carbonate is 0.00006554 g/100g water at 20 deg.C]The solubility of calcium sulfate at 20 ℃ is 0.24 g/100g water]. Therefore, the first value may be, for example, 0.3, more preferably 0.04, and still more preferably 0.002 as the solubility in 100g of water at 20 ℃. The solubility of the sparingly soluble salt may be lower than the solubility of the compound as the main component of the matrix. That is, the first value may be a value of solubility of a compound which is a main component of the base material described later, for example, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, or the like.

The sparingly soluble salt may be appropriately selected depending on the environment in which the structural material is disposed. For example, since calcium carbonate can be converted into calcium bicarbonate having high solubility in water by a chemical reaction with carbon dioxide, when a structural material is disposed in an environment having a high concentration of carbon dioxide, an ion supply source for supplying ions that form a sparingly soluble salt other than calcium carbonate may be included in the structural material. Since calcium carbonate can be dissolved by a chemical reaction with an acid, an ion supply source for supplying ions such as iron (III) ions in which hydroxide is hardly soluble in water may be included in the structural material when the structural material is disposed in an environment with a low pH. Thus, even if calcium carbonate on the surface, inside, or around the structural material is dissolved by an acid present around the structural material, the acid is neutralized by calcium carbonate to raise the pH, and the poorly soluble hydroxide precipitates, so that the surface of the structural material can be covered with the precipitated hydroxide, and the voids inside or around can be filled. The ion for forming the hydroxide which is hardly soluble may be, for example, an iron (III) ion, an aluminum ion, a copper (II) ion, a zinc ion, a manganese ion, or the like.

When the structural material is disposed underground, on the seabed, or the like, ions supplied from the ion supply source diffuse from the surface of the structural material to the outside using the stratum around the structural material, the groundwater of the bedrock, and the seawater around the structural material as media. As a result, the surface layer of the sparingly soluble salt formed on the surface of the structural material grows toward the outside of the structural material and increases in thickness, as in the case of the condensate, and therefore the durability and strength of the structural material can be further improved.

In this case, since these ions also diffuse into the voids, cracks, and the like of the bedrock, the stratum, and the like existing around the structural material, a sparingly soluble salt is also formed in the voids, cracks, and the like. This makes it possible to seal cracks, voids, and the like in the matrix present around the structural material with the sparingly soluble salt, and therefore, the strength of the matrix around the structural material can be improved, and infiltration of groundwater, seawater, and the like, which have flowed out from cracks and the like in the surrounding matrix, into the structural material can be suppressed. The ions supplied from the ion supply source are diffused by the concentration gradient of the ions, and since the concentration of the ions existing around the structural material is generally low, the ions can be easily diffused into the voids and cracks of the matrix existing around the structural material without applying an external force or the like. Further, since the ions are diffused in a state of being dissolved in water, it is possible to easily diffuse the ions into extremely fine voids or cracks of atomic or molecular level regardless of the pore water pressure even in the deep underground part, and to form and close the hardly soluble salt at this place, so that water can be more reliably stopped around the structural material. This long-term and reliable water stop of groundwater immersed from bedrock is not possible with the above-mentioned prior art. Further, since the amount of the precipitation of the sparingly soluble salt is determined by the product of the concentrations of the cation and the anion and the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt, excessive precipitation of the sparingly soluble salt is not generated. Therefore, the problem that, in the conventional technique in which the filler is pressed into the gap and closed, the structural material, the surrounding bedrock, and the like are pressed by the excessive pressing of the filler, and thus cracks and breakage may occur can be solved.

The amount and speed of diffusion of ions supplied from the ion supply source from the surface of the structural material to the outside are determined by the diffusion coefficient of ions around the structural material, the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt in water at the temperature of the environment in which the structural material is disposed, the amount and supply speed of ions supplied from the ion supply source, and the like. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the amount and the supply rate of the ions supplied from the ion supply source in accordance with the diffusion coefficient of the ions around the structural material and the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt in water at the temperature of the environment in which the structural material is disposed, the thickness of the surface layer formed on the surface of the structural material with the sparingly soluble salt, the range of the voids and cracks around the structural material closed with the sparingly soluble salt, and the like can be controlled.

Fig. 1 shows a formation speed diagram for estimating the formation speed of the condensate. This figure is a graph for estimating the formation speed of the coagulum estimated from the width of the reaction edge of the coagulum formed by organisms called hornshells, the vertical axis representing the diffusion speed of bicarbonate ions, and the horizontal axis representing the reaction speed of the precipitation of calcium carbonate accompanying the reaction with calcium ions. If the diffusion rate of the bicarbonate ions is too slow, a dense layer of calcium carbonate is formed in the vicinity of the horny shell early, and the bicarbonate ions cannot diffuse further to the outside, so that the thickness of the reaction edge becomes thin. On the other hand, if the diffusion rate of the bicarbonate ions is too high, the bicarbonate ions will diffuse further outside before the precipitate grows by the precipitation of calcium carbonate, and therefore the precipitate can only grow to a certain thickness. Therefore, the surface layer having a desired thickness can be formed by supplying an appropriate amount of ions at an appropriate rate according to the diffusion coefficient of the ions at the temperature around the structural material.

The thickness of the surface layer to be formed on the surface of the structural material may be determined depending on the depth of the position where the structural material is disposed, the strength and composition of the bedrock around the structural material, the amount of groundwater around the structural material, the composition and amount of chemical substances dissolved in groundwater around the structural material, and the like. The kind of the ion supply source, the amount of ions that can be supplied, the position and the manner in which the ion supply source is disposed, and the like are designed to supply ions in an amount and at a supply speed that form a surface layer of a determined thickness.

The ion supply source may include an ion exchange resin to which ions to be supplied are adsorbed. In this case, the ion exchange resin that releases ions at an appropriate amount and supply rate can be selected or designed according to the kind of ions to be supplied, the composition, amount, pH, and the like of the chemical substance dissolved in the groundwater surrounding the structural material.

The ion supply source may include a capsule that contains therein ions to be supplied and gradually releases the ions. The ion encapsulated in the capsule may be contained as a salt having solubility in water higher than a first value at the temperature of the environment in which the structural material is disposed, or may be contained as an ion exchange resin having ions adsorbed thereon. For example, in the case of an ion supply source supplying calcium ions, the lyotropic salt may have a solubility in water at 20 ℃ of 74.5[ g/100g of water]Calcium chloride (CaCl) of₂) 121.2[ g/100g of water]Calcium nitrate (Ca (NO))₃)₂) 16.6[ g/100g of water]Calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO)₃)₂) And the like. In this case, the material, thickness, shape, and the like of the capsule that releases ions at an appropriate amount and supply rate can be selected or designed according to the type of ions to be supplied, the composition, amount, pH, and the like of the chemical substance dissolved in the groundwater surrounding the structural material. In the case where the ion supply source includes a capsule, the capsule may be embedded in the structural material. For example, the material may be kneaded in advance into cement, concrete, or the like, which is a base material of a structural material.

The ion supply source may include a sheet (sheet) containing ions to be supplied. The ions contained in the sheet may be contained as a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water higher than the first value at the temperature of the environment in which the structural material is disposed, or may be contained as an ion exchange resin having ions adsorbed thereon. In this case, the material, thickness, shape, and the like of the sheet that releases ions at an appropriate amount and supply rate can be selected or designed according to the type of ions to be supplied, the composition, amount, pH, and the like of the chemical substance dissolved in the groundwater surrounding the structural material. When the ion source includes a sheet, the sheet may be attached to the surface of the structural material, a bed rock or a ground layer on which the structural material is disposed, or the like.

The ion supply source is disposed in or around the structural material in an amount and distribution capable of releasing ions at an appropriate amount and supply rate, depending on the kind of ions to be supplied, the composition, amount, pH, and the like of chemical substances dissolved in groundwater surrounding the structural material. In order to identify the type of ions to be supplied, when a structure is constructed using a structural material, it is necessary to acquire information on the composition of a substance or mineral that is present or expected to be present in the future at or around the location where the base material is disposed. The ion supply source is provided in a type or amount corresponding to the composition of the substance or mineral existing or expected to exist in the future at or around the site where the base material is disposed. For example, as described above, a cation that forms a poorly soluble hydroxide may be supplied depending on the surrounding pH. Further, a pH adjuster such as phosphoric acid may be contained. When the ions of the species to be supplied are present in the surroundings, the amount of the ions to be supplied does not need to be supplied from the supply source in its entirety, and therefore the amount of the ions to be supplied can be reduced in accordance with the amount of the ions present in the surroundings. Thus, even when a large-scale structure is constructed, the cost of the structure can be suppressed.

Ions supplied from an ion supply source diffuse into, on, and outside the structural material using water as a medium within a relatively short period of time from the arrangement of the structural material, and a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt is formed on the surface of the structural material. The water serving as a medium for diffusing ions is, for example, groundwater which floods around the structural material when the structural material is disposed underground, water such as seawater when the structural material is disposed in water such as sea water, rainwater or moisture in the air when the structural material is disposed outdoors, or moisture in the air when the structural material is disposed indoors. If a sufficiently thick surface layer is formed on the surface of the structural material, then the penetration of moisture and the like into the interior of the structural material is suppressed by the surface layer, and therefore deterioration of the interior of the structural material can be suppressed.

Even if voids or cracks are generated in the surface layer or the structural material due to external forces caused by earthquakes, earth crust fluctuations, tides, typhoons, or the like after the surface layer is formed, if ions supplied from the ion supply source included in the structural material remain, the ions supplied from the ion supply source diffuse into the voids or cracks in the surface layer or the structural material, and therefore the voids or cracks can be filled or closed by the sparingly soluble salt precipitated by the reaction with the counter ions. As described above, according to the technique of the present embodiment, the self-repairing function can be imparted to the structural material, and therefore the durability of the structural material can be further improved. Preferably, the ion supply source is designed to leave the ions supplied from the ion supply source also after the surface layer of the structural material is formed. In addition to the ion supply source designed to supply ions necessary for forming the surface layer on the surface of the structural material immediately after the arrangement of the structural material, the following ion supply source may be additionally arranged in the vicinity of the surface layer: that is, an ion supply source such as a soluble salt containing ions or an ion exchange resin is contained in a container such as a capsule which is broken by an external force when the structural material receives the external force causing damage such as voids or cracks in a surface layer and releases the contents.

In the case where the structural material is disposed outdoors or indoors in an environment where there is almost no counter ion for generating a sparingly soluble salt in the surroundings, the structural material may contain a first ion supply source for supplying a cation constituting the sparingly soluble salt and a second ion supply source for supplying an anion serving as a counter ion (counter ion ), or the first ion supply source and the second ion supply source may be disposed in or around the structural material. In this case, similarly, the type of the ion supply source, the amount of ions that can be supplied, the position and the manner in which the ion supply source is disposed, and the like are designed so that the ions are supplied at an amount and a supply speed that form a surface layer of a desired thickness on the surface of the structural material. The positions, amounts, distributions, and the like of the first ion supply source and the second ion supply source are arranged so that the concentration of the positive ions supplied from the first ion supply source and the concentration of the negative ions supplied from the second ion supply source exceed the solubility product at the position where the surface layer is to be formed.

The base material of the structural material may contain a poorly soluble compound composed of the same kind of cation or anion as the cation or anion constituting the poorly soluble salt, and having a solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the structural material is disposed of, which is a second value greater than the first value or less. In this case, the ion supply source is configured to supply an ion common to the sparingly soluble salt and the sparingly soluble compound. For example, the sparingly soluble salt and the sparingly soluble compound may be a sparingly soluble salt of calcium, more specifically, the sparingly soluble salt may be carbon calcium, and the sparingly soluble compound may be calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate, which is a main component of cement, concrete, or the like. Thus, even if groundwater, rainwater, or the like enters the interior of a structural material such as concrete, the dissolution balance of the poorly soluble compound in the structural material can be shifted to the solid side by the action of calcium ions supplied from the ion supply source, and therefore, the elution of calcium ions from the base material can be suppressed. Therefore, since the loss of calcium ions constituting the base material by gradual leaching to the outside can be suppressed, and the strength of the structural material is deteriorated due to the generation of fine voids and cracks in the base material, the strength of the structural material can be maintained for a long period of time, and the durability of the structural material can be dramatically improved.

The solubility of calcium hydroxide in water at 20 ℃ is 0.173[ g/100g of water ], and the solubility of calcium sulfate in water at 20 ℃ is 0.24[ g/100g of water ]. Therefore, the second value is, for example, 1, preferably 0.5, more preferably 0.25, and still more preferably 0.2. The solubility of the poorly soluble compound may be lower than that of the soluble salt contained in the ion source. That is, the second value may be a value of the solubility of the above-mentioned lyotropic salt. The first value and the second value represent a relationship between the solubility of the poorly soluble salt and the solubility of the poorly soluble compound contained in one of the constituent materials. That is, the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt formed by the ions supplied from the ion supply source contained in a certain structural material may be lower than the solubility of the sparingly soluble compound contained in the base material of the structural material. For example, when gypsum, the main component of which is calcium sulfate, is used as the base material, calcium carbonate or the like having a solubility lower than that of calcium sulfate is selected as the sparingly soluble salt, but when a compound having a solubility higher than that of calcium sulfate is used as the base material, calcium sulfate may be selected as the sparingly soluble salt.

Fig. 2 schematically shows an example of the structure of the embodiment. Since the underground disposal site 50 for industrial waste, radioactive waste, or the like is constructed by the technique of the present application and the outer wall of the underground disposal site 50 can be reliably sealed, it is possible to prevent harmful substances, radiation energy, and the like from leaking from the underground disposal site 50 for a long period of time. Further, by constructing an underground structure such as the tunnel 60 by the technique of the present application, it is possible to reliably seal the outer wall of the underground structure and fill the gap at the tunnel contact portion between the underground structure and the foundation, and therefore, water stop can be achieved for a long period of time, and the strength and durability of the underground structure can be improved. Further, by sealing the drilled borehole 10 when constructing the underground disposal site 50, the tunnel 60, or the like, the technique of the present application can maintain the seal of the borehole 10 for a long period of time.

Fig. 3 schematically shows an example of the structure of the embodiment. The structure 40 shown in fig. 3 is a structure for closing the drilled hole 10 drilled in the ground, and includes a foundation 41 connected to a foundation and a rod-shaped body 42 connected to the foundation 41. Foundation 41 and torso 42 are formed from structural material 20 of the present application. When an underground facility such as an underground disposal site 50 or an underground structure such as a tunnel 60 is constructed, a plurality of boreholes 10 are drilled to investigate the underground geology, the amount of underground water, and the like. Conventionally, although cement or the like is pressed into the bore 10 to close the bore 10, this cannot be completely closed, and if many cracks or voids are generated due to the aged deterioration of the cement or the like, the cracks or voids may become a moving path of the groundwater or the like. When a radioactive treatment site is constructed underground, even a minute gap may leak radiation rays or radiation energy, and therefore, it is necessary to seal the borehole 10 more reliably for a long period of time. When the hole 10 is closed by the structural material 20 of the present embodiment including the base material 21 such as cement and the ion supply source 22, the ions supplied from the ion supply source 22 diffuse into the fine cracks 12 and voids around the hole 10, and chemically react with counter ions existing around the hole to form the sparingly soluble salt 30, so that the hole 10 can be closed more reliably. Even when cracks or voids are generated due to the aged deterioration of cement or the like as the base material 21, the generated cracks or voids can be closed and the borehole 10 can be closed for a long period of time because the ions supplied from the ion supply source 22 diffuse into the cracks or voids and chemically react with the counter ions to form insoluble salts.

Before the base material 21 such as cement is pressed, the sheet-like ion source 22 may be attached to the wall surface of the borehole 10, and then the base material 21 such as cement may be pressed into the borehole 10. Before the base material 21 is pressed into the hole 10, a liquid containing an ion exchange resin or a capsule-like ion supply source 22 may be injected into the hole 10 to coat the ion supply source 22 on the wall surface of the hole 10, and then the base material 21 such as cement may be pressed into the hole 10. Before the base material 21 is pressed, the ion exchange resin or capsule-shaped ion source 22 may be kneaded with the base material 21, and thereafter, the structural material 20 including the ion source 22 and the base material 21 may be pressed into the inside of the bore 10. The base material 21 may be further kneaded with silica, alumina, sand, a substance obtained by crushing a surrounding bed rock, or the like as a filler. This can reduce the construction cost, protect the sealing of the structural material and the sparingly soluble salt from the influence of an acid and the like, and improve the durability.

Fig. 4 schematically shows an example of the structure of the embodiment. The structure 40 shown in fig. 4 is a structure that constitutes a wall surface for partitioning a space 14 such as a facility such as an underground cavity or an underground disposal site 50 formed in the ground, a tunnel 60, and the like, and a surrounding bed rock 16, and includes a foundation 41 fixedly installed on the ground so as to be connected to the ground, and a tunnel-like body 42 formed on the foundation 41 so as to be connected to the foundation 41. The body 42 includes a wall surface vertically provided on the base 41 and a roof body provided on the wall surface. Foundation 41 and torso 42 are formed from structural material 20 of the present application. In the example of fig. 4, a sheet-like ion supply source 22 is attached to the outside of a wall surface formed by a base material 21 such as concrete. As a result, ions can diffuse from the sheet of the ion supply source 22 into the outside matrix 16, and the poorly soluble salt 30 closes the crack 12 in the matrix 16 and the gap at the tunnel contact portion between the foundation 41 and the matrix 16, so that the strength of the matrix 16 can be increased, and the flush of groundwater and the like can be suppressed. Further, since ions can diffuse from the sheet of the ion supply source 22 to the inner base material 21 and a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt is formed on the surface of the base material 21, the strength and durability of the structural material 20 can be improved.

Before the base material 21 such as concrete is disposed on the wall surface, the sheet-like ion supply source 22 may be attached to the bedrock 16 around the space 14 such as a tunnel, and then the base material 21 may be disposed on the inner side of the sheet. Before the base material 21 is disposed, a coating film of the ion source 22 may be formed by applying or spraying a liquid containing an ion exchange resin or a capsule-like ion source 22 to the bedrock 16 around the tunnel, and then the base material 21 may be disposed inside the coating film. Before the base material 21 is disposed, an ion exchange resin or capsule-shaped ion supply source 22 may be kneaded with the base material 21, and thereafter, the structural material 20 including the ion supply source 22 and the base material 21 may be disposed on the bedrock 16 around the tunnel. The base material 21 may be further kneaded with silica, alumina, sand, a substance obtained by crushing a surrounding bed rock, or the like as a filler. This can reduce the construction cost, protect the sealing of the structural material and the sparingly soluble salt from the influence of an acid and the like, and improve the durability.

The structure according to the embodiment may be a structure fixedly installed in water or outdoors. In this case, there is water or air outside the construction material, not the formation, bedrock. When installed in the sea in a stationary manner, ions that can form a sparingly soluble salt with the ions contained in the sea water may be supplied from an ion supply source, but when installed outdoors in a stationary manner, there may be cases where: the amount of ions contained in the air and rainwater is not sufficient to form a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt. Even when the system is installed underground, the same problem occurs when the amount of underground water present in the surroundings is small. In this case, as described above, a first ion supply source for supplying cations constituting the sparingly soluble salt and a second ion supply source for supplying anions may be provided. Both ion supply sources may be formed into a sheet shape, and the two ion supply sources may be attached to the surface of the structural material in an overlapping manner.

The structural material of the embodiment may be a material in which a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt is formed on the surface of the base material. In this case, the sparingly soluble salt may be generated from ions supplied from an ion supply source contained in the structural material, or may be generated by applying or spraying a first liquid containing a cation constituting the sparingly soluble salt and a second liquid containing an anion constituting the sparingly soluble salt onto the surface of the structural material or the surface of a matrix or a ground layer provided on the structural material. In the latter case, a structural material whose surface is protected by a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt can be produced by a simpler method, and a structure can be constructed by a simpler construction method using a structural material whose surface is protected by a sparingly soluble surface layer. In this case, the ion supply source may be included in the structural material or not. When the ion supply source is contained in the structural material, the structure material can be filled with a sparingly soluble salt to fill voids and cracks in the structure material, thereby improving the strength of the structure material, and the durability of the structure material can be improved by the self-healing function.

A surface layer may be formed on the surface of the base material for forming the structure of the structural material of the embodiment, or a sealing composition may be used to fill or seal a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material. The sealing composition contains: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and an ion exchange resin to which a cation or an anion is adsorbed. The sealing composition can be used for forming a structural material containing an ion source in the form of an ion exchange resin.

Another embodiment of the sealing composition includes: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and a counter ion which can form, with the cation or anion, a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water of more than a predetermined value at a temperature of a deployment environment. The sealing composition is used in the following cases: the structural material containing the ion supply source in the form of a capsule or a sheet is formed, or the structural material is applied or sprayed so as to form a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the structural material.

The sealing composition of a further embodiment contains a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a disposition environment. The sealing composition is used in the following cases: a surface layer is formed on the surface of the structural material to seal the surface of the structural material.

To manufacture the structural material of the embodiment, an ion supplying material may be used. The ion supply material supplies at least one of a cation and an anion for constituting a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment. The ion supplying material includes: an ion exchange resin containing at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a sparingly soluble salt; or a capsule containing one of a cation and an anion, and containing a salt or an ion exchange resin which is soluble in water at a temperature in a setting environment and has a solubility greater than a predetermined value; alternatively, a sheet containing a lyotropic salt or an ion exchange resin. The ion supplying material is used in the following cases: a structural material provided with an ion supply source in the form of an ion exchange resin, capsule, or sheet is produced.

The technique of the present embodiment can also be applied to improve the strength and durability of existing structures. By attaching a sheet containing an ion supply source to the surface of a structural material constituting a conventional structure or injecting a liquid containing an ion supply source into the interior of the structural material, it is possible to close voids, cracks, and the like existing in and around the structural material constituting the conventional structure and to impart a self-repairing function to the structural material constituting the conventional structure, and therefore, it is possible to improve the strength and durability of the structure. Further, the first liquid containing the cation constituting the poorly soluble salt and the second liquid containing the anion can be applied or sprayed to the surface of the conventional structure, thereby forming the poorly soluble salt on the surface of the conventional structure and improving the strength and durability of the structure.

The techniques of this embodiment may also be applied to join structural materials to each other. By attaching a sheet of an ion supply source to the joining surface of one or both of the structural materials, applying a liquid containing an ion supply source, or including an ion supply source in the interior of one or both of the structural materials in advance and then closely adhering the ion supply source to the joining surface of the structural materials, ions supplied from the ion supply source diffuse toward the joining surface, and the gap between the structural materials can be filled with a sparingly soluble salt, so that a plurality of structural materials can be joined in an air-tight and liquid-tight manner by the sparingly soluble salt. The ion source may be implanted into the junction surface of the structural materials. For example, the ion supply source can be injected into the joint surface of the structure constituting the conventional structure or the tunnel contact portion between the underground structure such as the conventional tunnel 60 and the foundation, thereby improving the adhesion between the joint surface and the tunnel contact portion and improving the strength and durability of the structure.

[ examples ]

Fig. 5 shows the results of an experiment for forming a sparingly soluble salt using a sample that resembles the structural material of the embodiment. About 1g of agar and about 9g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) were added to 100g of water₃) The mixture was heated to be dissolved, and then cooled and solidified to prepare a cubic sample of about 1cm square. Since the solubility of sodium bicarbonate at 20 ℃ was 9.6g per 100g of water, this sample contained an amount of sodium bicarbonate that was nearly saturated at room temperature. The sample was impregnated with an aqueous solution having a calcium ion concentration equal to that of groundwater, an aqueous solution having a calcium ion concentration equal to that of seawater, an aqueous solution having a calcium ion concentration 10 times that of seawater, an aqueous solution having a calcium ion concentration 100 times that of seawater, and an aqueous calcium chloride solution as a control experiment, and the change in mass with time was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 5.

In any sample, the mass thereof increased by several percent (%) to ten and several percent (%) over the first few days of the experiment, and remained constant with almost no change after the lapse of 10 days. In addition, in any of the samples, the samples became cloudy within several days from the start of the experiment and had a hard texture. From this result, the following was confirmed: in all the samples, calcium ions contained in the solution around the sample diffused into the sample, calcium carbonate precipitates formed several days after the start of the experiment, and then infiltration of the solution into the sample was suppressed, and the mass did not change. Since it was confirmed that calcium carbonate precipitates were formed not only in an aqueous solution containing calcium ions at a high concentration but also in an aqueous solution having a concentration similar to that of groundwater or seawater, it was confirmed that when the structural material of the embodiment was disposed in an environment where groundwater or seawater is present in the surroundings, calcium carbonate precipitates were generated in a short period of time, and voids and cracks were filled, thereby forming a surface layer.

Fig. 6 and 7 are photographs of a sample sheet taken by a polarization microscope after one week from the start of the experiment. The width of the image is about 0.5 mm. Fig. 8 and 9 are photographs of a sample slice taken by a scanning electron microscope at one week from the start of the experiment. The growth of aggregates (aggregatates) of calcium carbonate crystals of several μm to several tens of μm was confirmed.

Fig. 10 shows the distribution of the size of calcium carbonate crystals formed on the test piece after one week from the start of the experiment. The calcium carbonate formed in the sample was very uniform in size, and in particular, crystal grains (crystal grains) having a diameter of 8 to 12 μm accounted for about 9 parts of the entire structure. Such a growth state that aggregates of calcium carbonate crystals having a uniform particle size grow/form deep in the medium is not observed in nature. In nature, other substances such as sand, mud, etc. are necessarily mixed, and thus there is no aggregation of calcium carbonate crystals having only a fine size with a regular particle size. Further, a formation state in which only aggregates having crystals of artificial calcium carbonate are concentrated in clusters of, for example, grapes is not observed in nature.

The crystals of calcium carbonate in the medium continue to grow over time, reaching several hundred μm after several weeks. It was confirmed that the distribution density of calcium carbonate crystals in the medium increased with the growth of calcium carbonate crystals, and the mechanical strength of the medium also increased.

The present application has been described above based on examples. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art: this embodiment is an example, and various modifications can be made by combination of each member and each process, and these modifications are within the scope of the present application.

In the embodiment, the surface layer is formed on the surface of the structural material using a sparingly soluble salt, but the surface layer may be formed on the surface of the structural material using a sparingly soluble compound other than a salt. In this case, a compound which is easily soluble in water but chemically reacts with another compound existing in the environment where the structural material is disposed to generate a poorly compatible precipitate may be supplied from a supply source disposed in or around the structural material. For example, a supply source for supplying zinc ions may be disposed on a structural material constituting an underground structure near a volcano, and a coating of zinc sulfide generated by reaction with hydrogen sulfide existing in the surroundings may be formed on the surface of the structural material.

An outline of one embodiment of the present application is as follows. A structural material according to one embodiment of the present application includes: a base material for forming a structure; and an ion supply source that is present inside or on the surface of the base material and supplies at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a poorly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed. According to this aspect, since the surface layer of the sparingly soluble salt can be formed on the surface of the base material by the ions supplied from the ion supply source, the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

The ion supply source may include an ion exchange resin to which at least one of cations and anions is adsorbed. According to this aspect, the supply amount, the supply speed, and the like of the ions can be appropriately designed.

The ion supply source includes a capsule in which an easily soluble salt or an ion exchange resin is contained, the easily soluble salt may contain at least one of a cation and an anion, and the solubility in water at the temperature of the environment in which the base material is disposed is greater than a first value, and the ion exchange resin may contain at least one of a cation and an anion. According to this aspect, the supply amount, the supply speed, and the like of the ions can be appropriately designed.

The ion supply source includes a sheet containing a readily soluble salt which may contain at least one of a cation and an anion and whose solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed is greater than a first value, or an ion exchange resin which may contain at least one of a cation and an anion. According to this aspect, the supply amount, the supply speed, and the like of the ions can be appropriately designed.

The first value may be a value of solubility of a compound that is a main component of the base material. According to this aspect, a surface layer of a sparingly soluble salt that is less soluble than the main component of the base material can be formed on the surface of the base material, and therefore the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

The sparingly soluble salt may be calcium carbonate. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material using concrete, cement, or the like as the base material can be improved.

The base material contains a poorly soluble compound having a solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed, the solubility being a second value or less which is greater than the first value, and the poorly soluble compound may contain an ion of the same type as at least one of a cation and an anion constituting the poorly soluble salt. According to this aspect, it is possible to suppress a phenomenon in which the poorly soluble compound constituting the base material is eluted to the outside to reduce the strength of the structural material.

The sparingly soluble salt and the sparingly soluble compound may be a sparingly soluble salt of calcium. The sparingly soluble salt may be calcium carbonate and the sparingly soluble compound may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or calcium sulfate. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material using concrete, cement, or the like as the base material can be improved.

The voids inside the structural material may be filled with a sparingly soluble salt. According to this aspect, the strength of the structural material can be improved.

A surface layer containing a sparingly soluble salt may be formed on the surface of the structural material or the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

The ion supply source may be configured to supply cations or anions in an amount that enables a surface layer having a predetermined thickness to be formed on the surface of the structural material or the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

The ion supply source may be configured to supply cations or anions in an amount that enables a surface layer having a predetermined thickness to be formed on the surface of the structural material or the base material, according to the diffusion coefficient of the cations or anions around the structural material or the base material. According to this aspect, the thickness of the surface layer formed on the surface of the structural material can be appropriately controlled according to the environment in which the structural material is disposed.

The sparingly soluble salt can be used to repair cracks or voids that develop in the surface layer after the surface layer is formed. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

Another form of the present application is also a structural material. The structural material comprises: a base material for forming a structure; and a surface layer formed on the surface of the base material and containing a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a first value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material can be improved.

The base material contains a poorly soluble compound having a solubility in water at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed, the solubility being a second value or less which is greater than the first value, and the poorly soluble compound may contain an ion of the same type as at least one of a cation and an anion constituting the poorly soluble salt. According to this aspect, it is possible to suppress the poorly soluble compound constituting the base material from dissolving out to the outside and lowering the strength of the structural material.

The poorly soluble compound may be calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or calcium sulfate. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material using concrete, cement, or the like as the base material can be improved.

Another embodiment of the present application is a structure. The structure includes: a foundation; and a body connected to the base, wherein at least one of the base and the body contains a structural material, the structural material contains a base material for forming a structure, and a salt that is insoluble in water and has a solubility of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an environment in which the base material is disposed is formed on a surface of the base material, or in or around a void of the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

The structure may be a structure for enclosing a cavity drilled in the ground. The structure may be a wall surface constituting a space formed underground. The voids or cracks in the ground surrounding the structure are closed by the sparingly soluble salt. According to this aspect, the strength of the ground layer or the bedrock around the structure can be increased, and the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

The structure may be a structure fixedly installed in water or outdoors. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

Yet another aspect of the present application is a method of constructing a structure. The method is a method of constructing a structure from a structural material, comprising: arranging a base material; and a step of providing an ion supply source in the interior or on the surface of the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

The step of providing an ion supply source may comprise: a step of including an ion supply source in the base material before the step of disposing the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved by a simple construction method.

The structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground, and the step of providing the ion supply source may include: a step of forming a layer containing an ion supply source on the surface of the bedrock or the ground layer around the space where the base material is disposed, prior to the step of disposing the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the underground structure can be improved by a simple construction method.

The structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground, and the step of providing the ion supply source may include: and injecting an ion source between the base material and a bedrock or a ground layer around the space or into the structural material after the step of disposing the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the underground structure can be improved by a simple construction method.

The method of constructing a structure further comprises: the step of acquiring information on the composition of a substance or mineral that is already present or expected to be present in the future at or around the location where the base material is disposed may be a step of providing an ion supply source of a type or amount corresponding to the composition of the substance or mineral. According to this aspect, since the insoluble salt of an appropriate type can be generated according to the environment around the structure, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

Yet another aspect of the present application is a method of constructing a structure. The method is a method for building a structure by using the structural material, and comprises the following steps: arranging a base material; and forming a surface layer containing a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

The step of forming the surface layer may comprise: and a step of applying or spraying a first liquid containing a cation constituting a sparingly soluble salt and a second liquid containing an anion constituting a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of the arranged base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved by a simple construction method.

The structure is a structure constituting a wall surface of a space formed underground, and the step of forming the surface layer may include: before the step of disposing the base material, a step of applying or spraying a first liquid containing a cation constituting a sparingly soluble salt and a second liquid containing an anion constituting a sparingly soluble salt on the surface of a bedrock or a ground layer around a space where the base material is disposed. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the underground structure can be improved by a simple construction method.

The method of constructing a structure further comprises: the step of obtaining information on the composition of a substance or mineral that is already present or expected to be present in the future at or around the location where the base material is disposed may be a step of forming a surface layer containing a sparingly soluble salt of a type corresponding to the composition of the substance or mineral. According to this aspect, since the surface layer containing an appropriate kind of the sparingly soluble salt can be formed in accordance with the environment around the structure, the strength and durability of the structure can be improved.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and comprises: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and an ion exchange resin to which at least one of a cation and an anion is adsorbed. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and comprises: a cation or an anion which can constitute a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment; and a counter ion which can form, with the cation or anion, a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water of more than a predetermined value at a temperature of a deployment environment. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and comprises: a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water at a temperature of a deployment environment of a prescribed value or less. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

The sparingly soluble salt may be calcium carbonate. According to this aspect, a safe and inexpensive sealing composition can be provided.

Still another embodiment of the present application is a method for using the sealing composition. In this method, the sealing composition is a sealing composition containing a cation or anion capable of constituting a hardly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at the temperature of the installation environment and a counter ion capable of constituting a readily soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or more at the temperature of the installation environment with the cation or anion, and the sealing composition can be used in the following cases: forming a surface layer on the surface of the structural base material, or filling or closing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

Yet another embodiment of the present application is a composition for sealing. The sealing composition is used for forming a surface layer on the surface of a base material for forming a structure, or filling or sealing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material, and contains a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

Still another embodiment of the present application is a method for using the sealing composition. In this method, the sealing composition is a sealing composition containing a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of a deployment environment, and the sealing composition can be used in the following cases: forming a surface layer on the surface of the structural base material, or filling or closing a gap or a crack inside or outside the base material. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed using the structural material can be improved.

The sparingly soluble salt may be calcium carbonate. According to this aspect, a safe and inexpensive sealing composition can be provided.

Yet another aspect of the present application is an ion donating material. The ion supply material supplies at least one of a cation and an anion for constituting a sparingly soluble salt having a solubility in water of a predetermined value or less at a temperature of an installation environment. The ion supplying material includes: an ion exchange resin containing at least one of a cation and an anion constituting a sparingly soluble salt; or a capsule containing one of a cation and an anion, and containing a salt or an ion exchange resin which is soluble in water at a temperature in a setting environment and has a solubility greater than a predetermined value; or a sheet containing a lyotropic salt or an ion exchange resin. According to this aspect, the strength and durability of the structural material and the structure constructed from the structural material can be improved.

(availability in industry)

The present invention relates to a structural material, and more particularly, to a structural material for building a structure, a structure built from the structural material, a method for building the structure, a sealing composition usable for the structure, and an ion supplying material usable for the structure.

(description of reference numerals)

10: drilling; 12: cracking; 14: a space; 16: bedrock; 20: a structural material; 21: a base material; 22: an ion supply source; 30: a sparingly soluble salt; 40: a structure; 41: a foundation; 42: a body.