阅读说明：本技术 一种利用多种工业固/危废的耦合使用方法 (Coupling use method by utilizing various industrial solid/hazardous wastes ) 是由 刘风琴 柯朝阳 许志谦 顾松青 王志平 谢明壮 于国庆 于 2020-12-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的实施例公开一种利用多种工业固/危废的耦合使用方法,属于工业固废资源化利用领域。所述的耦合使用方法是先选取预脱硅煤矸石灰、铝灰、赤泥、废阴极炭块、电石渣作为原料,然后加入氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种作为添加剂,制备出混料均匀的生料,之后将生料在高温下进行烧结得到熟料,最后进行熟料溶出,得到固体渣和铝酸钠。本发明利用多种工业固/危废的耦合使用方法可以将生料中的含铝、钠组分在烧结过程中转化为铝酸钠,含钙组分与杂质硅结合后易于分离,含碳组分提供了烧结所需部分热量,含铁组元降低了烧结所需的温度；烧结熟料的氧化铝标准溶出率＞92％,氧化钠标准溶出率＞94％。(The embodiment of the invention discloses a coupling use method for utilizing various industrial solid/dangerous wastes, belonging to the field of industrial solid waste resource utilization. The coupling use method comprises the steps of firstly selecting pre-desiliconized gangue lime, aluminum ash, red mud, waste cathode carbon blocks and carbide slag as raw materials, then adding one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as additives to prepare a raw material with uniform mixing, then sintering the raw material at high temperature to obtain clinker, and finally dissolving out the clinker to obtain solid slag and sodium aluminate. The invention utilizes a coupling use method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes to convert aluminum and sodium containing components in the raw materials into sodium aluminate in the sintering process, the calcium containing components are easy to separate after being combined with impurity silicon, the carbon containing components provide partial heat required by sintering, and the iron containing components reduce the temperature required by sintering; the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the sintered clinker is more than 92 percent, and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is more than 94 percent.)

1. A coupling use method for utilizing various industrial solid/hazardous wastes is characterized in that the coupling use method comprises the steps of selecting pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, aluminum ash, red mud, waste cathode carbon blocks and carbide slag as raw materials, adding one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as additives to prepare a raw material with uniform mixing, sintering the raw material at high temperature to obtain clinker, finally dissolving out the clinker to obtain solid slag and sodium aluminate, efficiently utilizing carbon, extracting aluminum and sodium, and realizing harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes.

2. The coupled application method using various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the raw meal is prepared by calculating, proportioning, and uniformly mixing according to the content characteristics of each component in the raw materials.

3. The coupling use method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 2, wherein the pre-desiliconized gangue is 20-35 wt.% of the total raw material amount, the red mud is 5-15 wt.% of the total raw material amount, the aluminum ash is 1-10 wt.% of the total raw material amount, the waste cathode carbon block is 1-5 wt.% of the total raw material amount, the carbide slag is 20-40 wt.% of the total raw material amount, and the sodium-containing additive is 15-25 wt.% of the total raw material amount.

4. The coupled use method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the pre-desilication gangue lime contains 50-60 wt.% Al₂O₃20-30 wt.% SiO₂2-6 wt.% of Na₂O, 1-3 wt.% Fe₂O₃(ii) a The red mud contains 15-25 wt.% of Al₂O₃10-20 wt.% SiO₂25-35 wt.% Fe₂O₃10-20 wt.% CaO, 3-8 wt.% Na₂O; the aluminum ash contains 60-75 wt.% of Al₂O₃1-3 wt.% Al; the waste cathode carbon block contains 50-70 wt.% of C, 10-20 wt.% of NaF and 5-8 wt.% of Na₃AlF₆1-5 wt.% of CaF₂(ii) a The carbide slag contains 70-80 wt.% of Ca (OH)₂1-5 wt.% SiO₂0.1-2 wt.% of Fe₂O₃0.1-1 wt.% of Al₂O₃。

5. The coupled usage method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature of the raw material is 1000-.

6. The coupled use method using various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum and sodium containing components in the raw meal are converted into sodium aluminate during sintering, the calcium containing component is easily separated after being combined with silicon as an impurity, the carbon containing component provides a part of heat required for sintering, and the iron containing component lowers the temperature required for sintering.

7. The coupled use method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that sodium aluminate solution is obtained in the subsequent clinker leaching process for the production of fine alumina products.

8. The coupled usage of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the standard dissolution rate of alumina in clinker is > 92% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is > 94%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of industrial solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a coupling use method for utilizing various industrial solid/dangerous wastes.

Background

With the rapid development of the industry in China, a large amount of mineral raw materials are continuously consumed, and a large amount of waste residue byproducts are also generated. For example, a large amount of aluminum-silicon-containing solid waste coal gangue can be generated in the coal mining and washing processes, a large amount of alkali-containing solid waste red mud can be generated in the alumina production process, carbon-containing hazardous waste cathode carbon blocks and aluminum-containing hazardous waste aluminum ash can be generated in the aluminum electrolysis production process, calcium-containing solid waste carbide slag and the like generated in the acetylene gas preparation process have large discharge amount of industrial waste slag, contain components harmful to ecology, people and livestock, and can cause serious environmental problems in open-air stockpiling and irregular landfill. Aiming at the current resource situation that domestic resources are gradually deficient and the ore grade is gradually reduced, how to select proper industrial solid/dangerous waste from the existing industrial solid/dangerous waste and perform economic resource utilization on valuable components in the industrial solid/dangerous waste is of great significance.

At present, most of the prior art is directed at single industrial solid/dangerous waste treatment, and methods for utilizing various solid/dangerous wastes are not utilized, and proper solid/dangerous wastes are not selected from the solid/dangerous wastes and various component composition characteristics in the solid/dangerous wastes are utilized to realize comprehensive and efficient utilization of the solid/dangerous wastes.

For example, as reports on resource utilization of coal gangue (CN111020094A, CN109909274A, CN108328951A, CN111825474A, CN 103420406B), most studies only use coal gangue as a research subject to extract aluminum-silicon-containing resources therein, but fails to consider coupling utilization relationship between various industrial solid/hazardous wastes. A few researches introduce other industrial wastes besides coal gangue for synergistic treatment, but only utilize a small part of valuable components, thereby leading to lower added value of products or higher cost.

At present, in the treatment technology of aluminum ash (CN 107555447A, CN 109127654A, CN 109052445A, and CN 108275708A), a wet method is mostly adopted to leach the aluminum ash in an aqueous solution, wherein harmful aluminum nitride is hydrolyzed and removed, and the leachate is evaporated to recover salts. The main disadvantages of the method are that harmful gas ammonia gas is released in the hydrolysis process of the harmful substance aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash, the environment is polluted, a large amount of alkaline waste water is generated, the evaporation cost of the leaching solution is high, and the economy is poor.

The treatment methods of red mud (CN103643028A, CN105949954B, CN104119052B, CN108640446A) are mostly studied to recover and extract high content of iron, alkali or other trace metal elements in red mud, but such treatment methods have high cost and low red mud consumption, and it is difficult to realize effective resource utilization of large amount of solid wastes.

Most of the researches on the treatment methods of the waste cathode carbon blocks (CN111170299A, CN108941167A, CN102992298A and CN101811695A) are to recover and extract carbon, sodium fluoride or cryolite in the waste cathode carbon blocks, but the methods usually adopt a wet treatment mode, the recovered carbonaceous materials usually contain overproof fluorides, and the fluorides are mixed with carbonaceous materials, so that the separation efficiency of the two is low, and the added value of products is low.

Aiming at the defects of the method, the method creatively provides a plurality of industrial solid/hazardous waste coupling use methods. The coupling use method is that pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, aluminum ash, red mud, waste cathode carbon blocks and carbide slag are selected as raw materials, and one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are added as additives; the coupling relation of valuable elements such as aluminum, sodium, calcium, carbon, iron and the like in the industrial wastes is utilized, the carbon is efficiently utilized, the aluminum and the sodium are extracted, and the harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes are realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a coupling use method for utilizing various industrial solid/hazardous wastes, solve the great common problem that various industrial wastes are difficult to be largely absorbed and recycled, break through the problem of low comprehensive utilization efficiency of valuable components in the traditional industrial solid waste treatment process, and have wide industrial application prospect.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a coupling use method utilizing various industrial solid/hazardous wastes is characterized in that firstly, pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, aluminum ash, red mud, waste cathode carbon blocks and carbide slag are selected as raw materials, then one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate are added as additives to prepare a raw material with uniform mixing, then the raw material is sintered at high temperature to obtain clinker, finally the clinker is dissolved out to obtain solid slag and sodium aluminate, carbon is efficiently utilized, aluminum and sodium are extracted, and harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes are realized.

Preferably, the raw material is prepared by calculating, proportioning and uniformly mixing the components according to the content characteristics of the components in the raw materials.

Preferably, the addition amount of the pre-desiliconized coal gangue is 20-35 wt% of the total raw material amount, the addition amount of the red mud is 5-15 wt% of the total raw material amount, the addition amount of the aluminum ash is 1-10 wt% of the total raw material amount, the addition amount of the waste cathode carbon block is 1-5 wt% of the total raw material amount, the addition amount of the carbide slag is 20-40 wt% of the total raw material amount, and the addition amount of the sodium-containing additive is 15-25 wt% of the total raw material amount.

Preferably, the pre-desilicated gangue contains 50-60 wt.% Al₂O₃20-30 wt.% SiO₂2-6 wt.% of Na₂O, 1-3 wt.% Fe₂O₃(ii) a Said red bloodThe mud contains 15-25 wt.% of Al₂O₃10-20 wt.% SiO₂25-35 wt.% Fe₂O₃10-20 wt.% CaO, 3-8 wt.% Na₂O; the aluminum ash contains 60-75 wt.% of Al₂O₃1-3 wt.% Al; the waste cathode carbon block contains 50-70 wt.% of C, 10-20 wt.% of NaF and 5-8 wt.% of Na₃AlF₆1-5 wt.% of CaF₂(ii) a The carbide slag contains 70-80 wt.% of Ca (OH)₂1-5 wt.% SiO₂0.1-2 wt.% of Fe₂O₃0.1-1 wt.% of Al₂O₃。

Preferably, the sintering temperature of the raw material is 1000-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 30-120 min.

Preferably, the aluminum and sodium containing components in the raw meal are converted into sodium aluminate during sintering, the calcium containing component is easy to separate after being combined with impurity silicon, the carbon containing component provides part of heat required for sintering, and the iron containing component reduces the temperature required for sintering.

Preferably, the sodium aluminate solution is obtained in a subsequent clinker digestion process for the production of a fine alumina product.

Preferably, the standard dissolution rate of alumina in the clinker is more than 92%, and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is more than 94%.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:

(1) because various solid/dangerous wastes in various industries in China have various types and complex components, the method selects typical industrial wastes with element internal coupling relation from the various solid/dangerous wastes in various industries for coupling resource utilization, which is not possessed by the prior art, so that the reduction of the industrial wastes and the green and healthy development of various industries are realized.

(2) The selected coal gangue contains more than 70 percent of aluminum-silicon resources, and can be used as a part of low-grade bauxite to replace aluminum oxide produced by a sintering method; the selected aluminum ash contains a large amount of aluminum-containing substances such as aluminum oxide and the like, so that the aluminum-silicon ratio of the raw material can be improved during burdening, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is saved; the red mud selected not only contains alumina, calcium oxide and the like as raw materials for a sintering method, but also contains a large amount of ferric oxide, so that the iron-aluminum ratio of raw materials can be improved during burdening, and the reduction of sintering temperature is facilitated. In addition, alkaline substances in the red mud can be used as supplement of the alkali in the sintering process.

(3) The selected waste cathode carbon block contains a large amount of carbon, can be used as a sintering fuel and a sulfur reducing agent to replace part of fire coal, and sodium-containing substances in the selected waste cathode carbon block can be converted into alkali in the sintering process to supplement part of alkali consumption. The carbide slag is selected as a supplement of calcium oxide in the sintering process, so that the production cost can be reduced.

In conclusion, the invention utilizes the coupling utilization relationship of aluminum, sodium, calcium, carbon and iron elements in various selected industrial solid/hazardous wastes, the components containing aluminum and sodium are converted into sodium aluminate in the sintering process, the components containing calcium are combined with impurity silicon and are easy to separate, the components containing carbon provide part of heat and sulfur reducing agents required by sintering, and the components containing iron reduce the temperature required by sintering.

The standard dissolution rate of alumina of the final sintered clinker is more than 92%, and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is more than 94%, so that the method for coupling and using various industrial solid/hazardous wastes can efficiently utilize carbon and extract aluminum and sodium, and therefore harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes are realized.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupling method of the present invention using various industrial solid/hazardous wastes.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a coupling use method for utilizing various industrial solid/hazardous wastes, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, aluminum ash, red mud, waste cathode carbon blocks and carbide slag as raw materials, then adding one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as additives to prepare a raw material with uniform mixing, sintering the raw material at high temperature to obtain clinker, finally dissolving out the clinker to obtain solid slag and sodium aluminate, efficiently utilizing carbon, extracting aluminum and sodium, and realizing harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes.

Particularly, the raw material is prepared by calculating, proportioning and uniformly mixing according to the content characteristics of each component in the raw materials.

Particularly, the mixing amount of the pre-desiliconized coal gangue is 20-35 wt% of the total raw material amount, the mixing amount of the red mud is 5-15 wt% of the total raw material amount, the mixing amount of the aluminum ash is 1-10 wt% of the total raw material amount, the mixing amount of the waste cathode carbon blocks is 1-5 wt% of the total raw material amount, the mixing amount of the carbide slag is 20-40 wt% of the total raw material amount, and the mixing amount of the sodium-containing additive is 15-25 wt% of the total raw material amount.

In particular, the pre-desilicated gangue contains 50-60 wt.% Al₂O₃20-30 wt.% SiO₂2-6 wt.% of Na₂O, 1-3 wt.% Fe₂O₃(ii) a The red mud contains 15-25 wt.% of Al₂O₃10-20 wt.% SiO₂25-35 wt.% Fe₂O₃10-20 wt.% CaO, 3-8 wt.% Na₂O; the aluminum ash contains 60-75 wt.% of Al₂O₃1-3 wt.% Al; the waste cathode carbon block contains 50-70 wt.% of C, 10-20 wt.% of NaF and 5-8 wt.% of Na₃AlF₆1-5 wt.% of CaF₂(ii) a The carbide slag contains 70-80 wt.% of Ca (OH)₂1-5 wt.% SiO₂0.1-2 wt.% of Fe₂O₃0.1-1 wt.% of Al₂O₃。

Particularly, the sintering temperature of the raw material is 1000-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 30-120 min.

In particular, the aluminum and sodium containing components in the raw meal are converted into sodium aluminate during sintering, the calcium containing component is easily separated after being combined with impurity silicon, the carbon containing component provides part of heat required for sintering, and the iron containing component reduces the temperature required for sintering.

In particular, a sodium aluminate solution is obtained in the subsequent clinker dissolution process for the production of fine alumina products.

In particular, the standard dissolution rate of alumina in clinker is more than 92%, and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is more than 94%.

The coupling application method of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes is specifically utilized and described by combining the following embodiments and the attached drawings:

example 1

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the weight ratio of 34: 6: 10: 4: 23: 23, uniformly mixing in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at 1000 ℃ for 30min, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 92.2% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 94.5%.

Example 2

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the proportion of 29: 5: 9: 3: 33: 21, uniformly mixing in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at the high temperature of 1100 ℃ for 60min, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 92.5% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 94.2%.

Example 3

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the proportion of 24: 6: 8: 4: 39: 19, uniformly mixing the components in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at 1200 ℃ for 90min, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 93.1% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 94.8%.

Example 4

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the weight ratio of 23: 2: 15: 5: 30: 25, uniformly mixing in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at 1200 ℃ for 120min, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 94.2% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 95.2%.

Example 5

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the proportion of 21: 10: 15: 1: 38: 15, uniformly mixing in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at 1300 ℃ for 110min at high temperature, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 93.5% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 95.0%.

Example 6

By adopting the method shown in figure 1, the pre-desiliconized coal gangue lime, the aluminum ash, the red mud, the waste cathode carbon block, the carbide slag and the sodium-containing additive are mixed according to the proportion of 21: 10: 6: 5: 40: 18, uniformly mixing in a mass ratio; and (3) calcining the uniformly mixed raw materials at 1300 ℃ for 40min at high temperature, dissolving out the calcined clinker to obtain a sodium aluminate solution and solid slag, and analyzing that the standard dissolution rate of alumina of the clinker is 92.3% and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide of the clinker is 94.4%.

In conclusion, the invention utilizes the coupling utilization relationship of aluminum, sodium, calcium, carbon and iron elements in various selected industrial solid/hazardous wastes, the aluminum-containing and sodium-containing components are converted into sodium aluminate in the sintering process, the calcium-containing component is combined with impurity silicon and is easy to separate, the carbon-containing component provides partial heat and sulfur reducing agents required by sintering, and the iron-containing component reduces the temperature required by sintering.

The standard dissolution rate of alumina of the final sintered clinker is more than 92%, and the standard dissolution rate of sodium oxide is more than 94%, so that the method for coupling and using various industrial solid/hazardous wastes can efficiently utilize carbon and extract aluminum and sodium, and therefore harmless treatment and resource utilization of various industrial solid/hazardous wastes are realized.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.