阅读说明：本技术 一种冲击特性可以调制的轴向冲击振动钻井工具 (Axial impact vibration drilling tool with adjustable impact characteristics ) 是由 付大其 李东平 廖华林 邵立飞 周宝义 魏俊 汪振 牛继磊 史玉才 易灿 于 2020-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种冲击特性可以调制的轴向冲击振动钻井工具,包括上接头、旁通阀、螺杆马达、壳体、动力输入轴、万向轴、扶正轴承、轴向振动发生装置和下接头,轴向振动发生装置包括启振轴、滚珠、平面轴承、弹簧总成和凸轮体,该工具以井下钻井液驱动螺杆马达,由万向轴带动启振轴旋转,启振轴中部外侧台阶面上的滚珠在凸轮体上端导槽内运动,导槽是一个空间凸轮型轨道,存在周期性阶跃高度差,滚珠在该导槽上运动时将发生周期性抬升和跌落。本发明可在井底实现钻头增压,提高机械钻速,能够提高对应目的地层钻井的机械钻速,并能够配合不同地层岩石特性进行冲击振动特性的调控,从而达到最优的破岩效率,提高对应目的地层钻井的机械钻速。(The invention discloses an axial impact vibration drilling tool with adjustable impact characteristics, which comprises an upper joint, a bypass valve, a screw motor, a shell, a power input shaft, a universal shaft, a centering bearing, an axial vibration generating device and a lower joint, wherein the axial vibration generating device comprises a vibration starting shaft, a ball, a plane bearing, a spring assembly and a cam body. The invention can realize the pressurization of the drill bit at the well bottom, improve the mechanical drilling speed of drilling corresponding to a target stratum, and can regulate and control the impact vibration characteristic by matching with the rock characteristics of different stratums, thereby achieving the optimal rock breaking efficiency and improving the mechanical drilling speed of drilling corresponding to the target stratum.)

1. The axial impact vibration drilling tool with the adjustable impact property is characterized by comprising an upper joint, a bypass valve, a screw motor, a shell, a power input shaft, a universal shaft, a centering bearing, an axial vibration generating device and a lower joint, wherein two ends of the shell are respectively connected with the upper joint and an anti-drop joint through threads, the bypass valve, the screw motor, the power input shaft, the universal shaft, the centering bearing and the axial vibration generating device are arranged in the shell, the bypass valve is arranged in an inner cavity of the upper joint, the upper end and the lower end of the bypass valve are axially positioned through a step surface of the inner cavity of the upper joint and an elastic retainer ring, the screw motor is arranged at the lower part of the bypass valve, the upper end and the lower end of the screw motor are axially limited through a positioning sleeve, the screw motor comprises a motor shell, a motor stator and a screw rotor, and the axial vibration generating device comprises, The vibration-proof device comprises a plane bearing, a spring assembly and a cam body, wherein one end of a vibration starting shaft is sleeved in an inner cavity of the cam body in a sliding mode, the other end of the vibration starting shaft is provided with a centering bearing and is connected with one end of a universal shaft, the other end of the universal shaft is connected with a screw rotor, the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft is provided with a double-step surface, the upper end surface of the cam body corresponds to the step surface of the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft, a guide groove is arranged on the upper surface of the cam body, the guide groove is a space cam-type track, the curved surface of the track has periodic step height difference, a ball is arranged in a ball pit of the step surface of the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft, the ball moves in the guide groove of the cam body when rotating along with the vibration starting shaft, the plane bearing is arranged on the step surface of the inner side of the middle of the vibration, and the spring assembly and the cam body are replaced according to the required impact frequency.

2. An axial percussive vibratory drilling tool as set forth in claim 1 wherein said bypass valve includes a bypass valve spool, a bypass valve spring and a bypass valve seat, said bypass valve spring abutting said bypass valve spool and said bypass valve seat at opposite ends thereof, respectively.

3. The axial impact vibration drilling tool with the adjustable impact characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the universal shaft comprises a connecting shaft, a cross head and an intermediate shaft, two ends of the intermediate shaft are movably connected with the connecting shaft through the cross head respectively, the connecting shaft at one end is connected with the screw rotor through a power input shaft and transmits torque through a flat key and is axially limited through a pin, and the connecting shaft at the other end is connected with the upper end of the vibration starting shaft and transmits torque through the flat key and is axially limited through the pin.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and particularly relates to an axial impact vibration drilling tool with an adjustable impact characteristic.

Background

Along with the continuous deepening of oil exploration and development, the drilling depth is continuously increased, the stratum drilling is increasingly complicated, and the deep stratum mechanical drilling speed is generally lower. Therefore, improving the rock breaking efficiency of deep stratum is one of the important ways to improve the deep drilling speed and reduce the drilling cost. Practice proves that the rotary impact drilling technology is one of effective ways for improving the mechanical drilling speed of deep wells and ultra-deep wells under the existing drilling process conditions, and the axial vibration impact drilling tool is researched and developed, so that extra axial impact dynamic load can be provided for a drill bit, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is accelerated, the mechanical drilling speed of the drilling well is greatly improved, the drilling period is shortened, and the drilling cost is reduced. However, the service life of the traditional impact tool is limited during normal operation, the influence mechanism of the combination of the vibration frequency and the impact load on the rock breaking efficiency is not clear, and different impact vibration working parameters are selected to achieve the optimal rock breaking efficiency during drilling of different target layers of rocks, so that the axial impact vibration drilling tool with the adjustable impact characteristic is provided, the drilling tool can achieve the impact parameter modulation of the optimal rock breaking efficiency according to specific rock types, and the adjustment and control of the impact vibration characteristic are carried out by matching with different stratum rock characteristics, so that the optimal rock breaking efficiency is achieved, the mechanical drilling speed of drilling of the corresponding target stratum is improved, the drilling period is shortened, and the drilling cost is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at improving the rock breaking efficiency during drilling of different target strata, the invention provides the axial impact vibration drilling tool with the adjustable impact characteristic.

An axial impact vibration drilling tool with adjustable impact characteristics comprises an upper joint, a bypass valve, a screw motor, a shell, a power input shaft, a universal shaft, a centering bearing, an axial vibration generating device and a lower joint, wherein two ends of the shell are respectively connected with the upper joint and an anti-drop joint through threads, the bypass valve, the screw motor, the power input shaft, the universal shaft, the centering bearing and the axial vibration generating device are arranged in the shell, the bypass valve is arranged in an inner cavity of the upper joint, the upper end and the lower end of the bypass valve are axially positioned through a step surface of the inner cavity of the upper joint and an elastic retainer ring, the screw motor is arranged at the lower part of the bypass valve, the upper end and the lower end of the screw motor are respectively axially limited through a positioning sleeve, the axial vibration generating device comprises a motor shell, a motor stator and a screw rotor, and the axial vibration generating device comprises a vibration starting, one end of the vibration starting shaft is sleeved in an inner cavity of the cam body in a sliding mode, the other end of the vibration starting shaft is provided with a centering bearing and is connected with one end of the universal shaft, radial limiting of the cam body is achieved through the centering bearing, the other end of the universal shaft is connected with the screw rotor, the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft is provided with a double-step surface, the upper end surface of the cam body corresponds to the step surface of the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft, a guide groove is arranged on the upper surface of the cam body, a space cam-shaped track is formed in the track curved surface, periodic step height difference exists, the ball is arranged in a ball pit of the step surface of the outer side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft, the ball moves in the guide groove of the cam body when rotating along with the vibration starting shaft, the plane bearing is arranged on the step surface of the inner side of the middle of the vibration starting shaft, the spring assembly is abutted between the plane, and the spring assembly and the cam body are replaced according to the required impact frequency.

Furthermore, the bypass valve comprises a bypass valve spool, a bypass valve spring and a bypass valve seat, and two ends of the bypass valve spring are respectively abutted to the bypass valve spool and the bypass valve seat.

Further, the cardan shaft includes connecting axle, cross head and jackshaft, and the jackshaft both ends are respectively through cross head and connecting axle swing joint, and the connecting axle of one end and screw rotor pass through power input shaft and pass through flat key transmission moment of torsion and realize the axial spacing by the pin, and the connecting axle of the other end is connected and is realized the axial spacing through flat key transmission moment of torsion and by the pin with the epaxial end of shaking.

The spring assemblies of different specifications use different quantity's packing rings to change spring compression length, can change the size of spring pretightning force to obtain the impact load of equidimension not, realize the modulation of impact load. The rotating speed of the screw motor and the number of teeth of the cam-shaped track body determine the frequency of the impact tool, the rotating speed of the screw motor of the impact tool can be regulated and controlled by controlling the hydraulic energy of the drilling fluid, and different cam teeth are obtained by replacing different types of cam-shaped track bodies, so that the impact frequency of the impact tool can be regulated and controlled.

Has the advantages that:

1) the impact force of the axial impact vibration drilling tool is increased along with the increase of the pretightening force and the stroke height of the spring assembly and is closely related to the contour line of the cam track body, the curved surface of the guide rail has periodic step height difference, and the ball is periodically lifted and falls when moving on the guide groove, so that part of the rotation energy is converted into axial impact energy, and the impact energy is transmitted to a drill bit at the bottom of a well through the lower connector and can periodically apply drilling pressure to the drill bit. The spring assembly can reduce deformation damage caused by collision when the ball impacts the cam body, thereby prolonging the service life of the cam body to a certain extent.

2) The impact force of the drilling tool is increased along with the increase of the pretightening force and the stroke height of the spring assembly and is closely related to the contour line of the cam type track body, and the cam track bodies with different contour curves are designed to realize the regulation and control of the stroke, so that impact loads with different sizes are obtained; the impact frequency is related to the rotating speed of the screw motor and the number of teeth of the cam track, and the impact frequency of the impact tool can be regulated and controlled by controlling the size of hydraulic energy of underground drilling fluid and the tooth shape of the cam track body; before the impact tool goes into a well to work, the influence of the combined modes of different impact frequencies and impact loads on the rock crushing efficiency of the target stratum can be obtained through a ground rock crushing experiment, so that the optimal rock crushing parameter combined mode matched with the target stratum is designed in advance, and the drilling efficiency is improved.

3) The axial vibration impact tool optimizes the mode that the impact unit of the traditional tool generates impact through sliding friction into the mode of rolling friction, and utilizes the drilling fluid to cool the metal friction surface, so that the whole service life of the tool is greatly prolonged.

4) The tool can realize the pressurization of the drill bit at the well bottom in the whole working process, improve the mechanical drilling speed, prolong the working life of the drill bit and increase the single drilling depth in drilling projects of highly deviated wells, horizontal wells, branch wells and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a structural part of a vibration-starting shaft according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cam body according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the cam body of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the cardan shaft according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph of a shock load waveform generated in a laboratory test simulation in accordance with the present invention.

In the figure: 1-upper joint, 2-by-pass valve core, 3-by-pass valve spring, 4-by-pass valve seat, 5-elastic retainer ring, 6-motor shell, 7-motor stator, 8-screw rotor, 9-shell, 10-power input shaft, 11-flat key, 12-pin, 13-connecting shaft, 14-crosshead, 15-intermediate shaft, 16-centering bearing, 17-ball, 18-plane bearing, 19-spring assembly, 20-vibration starting shaft, 21-cam body, 22-anti-drop joint and 23-lower joint.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The well drilling tool comprises an upper joint 1, a bypass valve, a screw motor, a shell 9, a power input shaft 10, a cardan shaft, a centralizing bearing 16, an axial vibration generating device and a lower joint 23. The upper end and the lower end of the shell 9 are respectively connected with the upper joint 1 and the anti-drop joint 22 through threads, the bypass valve, the screw motor, the power input shaft 10, the universal shaft, the centering bearing 16 and the axial vibration generating device are all arranged inside the shell 9, and the lower joint 23 is connected with the cam body 21 of the axial vibration generating device through threads. The bypass valve is arranged in the inner cavity of the upper connector 1, axial positioning is realized by the step surface of the inner cavity of the upper connector and the elastic retainer ring 5, the bypass valve comprises a bypass valve spool 2, a bypass valve spring 3 and a bypass valve seat 4, when the bypass valve normally works, the bypass valve is closed under the action of the pressure of drilling fluid at the bottom of a well, when a pump stops working and a drill is taken down, the screw motor stops working due to the fact that the pressure of the drilling fluid disappears, the bypass valve is automatically opened under the action of the bypass valve spring 3, the interior of a drill string is communicated with an annular space, and drilling. The screw motor comprises a motor shell 6, a motor stator 7 and a screw rotor 8, axial limiting is realized by positioning sleeves respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end, and power is provided for the tool under the action of drilling fluid. The universal shaft comprises a connecting shaft 13, a crosshead 14 and an intermediate shaft 15. The universal shaft is connected with the screw rotor 8 through a power input shaft 10, torque is transmitted through a flat key 11, and axial limiting is achieved through a pin 12. The axial vibration generating device comprises a vibration starting shaft 20, a ball 17, a plane bearing 18, a spring assembly 19 and a cam body 21, wherein the ball 17 is arranged in a ball 17 pit on the outer side step surface of the middle part of the vibration starting shaft 20, when the ball rotates along with the vibration starting shaft, the ball moves in a guide groove at the upper end of the cam body, as the guide groove is a space cam-shaped track, the curved surface of the guide rail has periodic step height difference, the ball 17 periodically rises and falls when moving on the guide groove, impacts the cam body 21, the impact energy is transmitted to a drill bit at the bottom of a well by a lower joint 23, the drill bit is periodically pressed, and the spring assembly can reduce deformation damage caused by collision when the ball impacts the cam body, so that the service life of the axial vibration generating device is prolonged to a certain extent. The upper end of the vibration starting shaft is connected into the universal shaft and transmits torque through the flat key, and axial limiting is achieved through the pin.

The construction and use method of the axial impact vibration drilling tool with the adjustable impact property comprises the following steps:

the device is applied in the field, an upper connector is connected with a drill string and can be directly lowered into the well bottom, a ground pump station pumps high-pressure drilling fluid to drive a screw motor, a screw rotor rotates and drives a vibration starting shaft to rotate through a universal shaft, balls arranged on the step surface on the outer side of the middle part of the vibration starting shaft move in a guide groove at the upper end of a cam body, and due to the fact that the guide groove is a space cam type track, periodic step height difference exists on the curved surface of a guide rail, the balls lift and fall periodically when moving on the guide groove, partial rotating energy is converted into axial impact energy, the impact energy is transmitted to a drill bit at the well bottom through a lower connector, and drilling pressure can be applied to the drill bit periodically. The spring assembly can reduce deformation damage caused by collision when the ball impacts the cam body, thereby prolonging the service life of the cam body to a certain extent. The impact characteristic of the tool can be modulated before the tool is put into a well, and different impact curves can be obtained by changing the combination mode of the impact load and the impact frequency so as to match different target stratum rock samples and achieve the optimal rock breaking efficiency. The concrete mode is as follows:

the rotating speed of the cam-type track body determines the impact frequency of the impact tool, and the rotating speed of the screw motor can be controlled by controlling the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid, namely the impact frequency of the impact tool is modulated; the number of the spring gaskets in the spring assembly can change the compression degree of the spring, namely the modulation of the pretightening force of the spring, and the size of the pretightening force has obvious influence on an impact force characteristic curve; the tooth-shaped profile curve of the cam-shaped rail body is the stroke size of the whole impact unit, and impact tools with different stroke sizes can be obtained by designing the cam-shaped rail bodies with different heights and installing the tools, so that the regulation and control of the impact load size are realized; the number of cam teeth of the cam track body is closely related to the impact frequency, cam track bodies with the same specification, different sizes and different tooth shapes are prepared, and the impact frequency of the impact tool can be regulated and controlled by matching with different screw rotating speeds;

and (3) carrying out indoor experimental simulation, wherein a three-tooth cam track is adopted in the experiment, the rotating speed of a screw motor is 50rmp, the stroke is 10mm, the simulated bit weight is 6KN, the spring pre-tightening force is 6.0KN, and a relevant curve chart obtained in the experiment is shown in an attached figure 6.

It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.