阅读说明：本技术 一种使堆肥过程中氨气和温室气体协同减排的添加剂及其应用 (Additive for realizing synergistic emission reduction of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in composting process and application thereof ) 是由 王选 马林 柏兆海 于 2020-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种使堆肥过程中氨气和温室气体协同减排的添加剂及其应用,涉及有机废弃物资源化利用技术领域。本发明所述添加剂包括质量比为(0.8～1.2)：(0.8～1.2)的硫酸亚铁和蛭石。将所述添加剂应用到好氧堆肥过程中,可延缓堆肥过程氨气排放峰值,显著降低堆肥过程中氨气的挥发,堆肥过程氮素损失减少24％；堆肥过程中甲烷排放量显著降低80％以上,堆肥过程中总温室气体排放减少55％；且所述添加剂采用的原料价格便宜,使用简便,且不会在环境中积累产生新的化学污染。(The invention provides an additive for realizing synergistic emission reduction of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of resource utilization of organic wastes. The additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2) ferrous sulfate and vermiculite. When the additive is applied to an aerobic composting process, the emission peak value of ammonia gas in the composting process can be delayed, the volatilization of ammonia gas in the composting process is obviously reduced, and the nitrogen loss in the composting process is reduced by 24%; the methane emission in the composting process is obviously reduced by more than 80 percent, and the total greenhouse gas emission in the composting process is reduced by 55 percent; the raw materials adopted by the additive are low in price and simple and convenient to use, and new chemical pollution cannot be generated due to accumulation in the environment.)

1. The additive for synergistically reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process is characterized by comprising ferrous sulfate and vermiculite, wherein the mass ratio of the ferrous sulfate to the vermiculite is (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2).

2. The additive of claim 1, wherein the ferrous sulfate further comprises an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate.

3. Use of the additive according to claim 1 or 2 for reducing ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during composting.

4. A method for reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gases in a composting process is characterized by comprising the following steps: adjusting the water content of the compost raw material to 55-75%, mixing with the additive as described in claim 1 or 2, and then performing aerobic composting.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the compost raw material comprises livestock manure and crushed corn stalks, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the corn stalks is (1-2): 1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the corn stover is 1 to 3cm in length.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the additive is added before composting begins or when the temperature rises above 50 ℃.

8. The method according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that the additive is added in an amount of 5-10% by weight based on the dry weight of the compost raw material.

9. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aerobic composting process is conducted by continuous aeration or intermittent aeration, and the aeration rate is 0.2-1.0L/min/kg of composting raw material, and the compost is turned over once per week.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to an additive for realizing synergistic emission reduction of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process and application thereof.

Background

In recent years, intensive animal husbandry in China is rapidly developed, and a large amount of livestock and poultry wastes are generated (the annual production amount is about 40 hundred million tons). Compost is the most main treatment mode for converting livestock and poultry manure into organic fertilizer, and the commercial organic fertilizer is produced by the composting mode in China every year by 3000 million tons.However, a large amount of nitrogen (16-74%, average 40%) in the livestock and poultry waste composting process is NH₃、N₂Forms such as O and the like are lost to the environment, become one of main sources of frequent haze and greenhouse gas emission, and cause the waste of nitrogen resources.

At present, greenhouse gas emissions during composting are mainly reduced by means of the addition of xenobiotics, such as: CN105523804A discloses a method by adding calcium superphosphate; CN106220261A discloses a method by adding biochar; while CN106083331A discloses a method for modifying biochar by adding, however, in the actual production process, these additives cannot be applied to compost on a large scale due to the production cost or process. Therefore, how to reduce the emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases in the composting process becomes an urgent task facing the development of composting technology.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an additive for realizing the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases in a composting process and an application thereof, and the additive can realize the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases in the composting process by regulating and controlling a carbon-nitrogen conversion process of the composting.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides an additive for synergistically reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process, which comprises ferrous sulfate and vermiculite, wherein the mass ratio of the ferrous sulfate to the vermiculite is (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2).

Preferably, the ferrous sulfate further comprises an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution.

The invention also provides application of the additive in reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process.

The invention also provides a method for reducing the emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the compost raw materials to 55-75%, mixing the compost raw materials with the additives, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment.

Preferably, the compost raw materials comprise livestock and poultry manure and crushed corn straws, and the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the corn straws is (1-2): 1.

Preferably, the length of the corn straw is 1-3 cm.

Preferably, the additives are added before the composting process begins or when the temperature rises above 50 ℃.

Preferably, the additive is added in an amount of 5-10% of the dry weight of the composting raw material.

Preferably, continuous aeration or intermittent aeration is carried out in the aerobic composting process, the aeration amount is 0.2-1.0L/min/kg of composting raw materials, and the compost is turned over once a week.

The invention provides an additive for realizing the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases in the composting process, which is prepared by reasonably proportioning ferrous sulfate and vermiculite, and can realize the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure through reasonable addition. Compared with common compost, the additive is used, the emission peak value of ammonia gas in the composting process is delayed, the volatilization of the ammonia gas in the composting process is obviously reduced, and the nitrogen loss in the composting process is reduced by 24%. The methane emission in the composting process is obviously reduced by more than 80 percent, and the total greenhouse gas emission in the composting process is reduced by 55 percent; the raw materials adopted by the additive are low in price and simple and convenient to use, and new chemical pollution cannot be generated due to accumulation in the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dynamic changes in the emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases after aerobic composting, wherein a represents the nitrogen emission rate, b represents the nitrous oxide emission rate, c represents the methane emission rate, d represents the cumulative nitrogen emission, e represents the cumulative nitrous oxide emission, f represents the cumulative methane emission, and g represents the total greenhouse effect;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dynamic comparison of ammonia emission in different composting processes, wherein C: comparison; compression-C: ferrous sulfate; compression-P: vermiculite; CA: mixing the additives, the same as below;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of nitrous oxide emission dynamics for different composting processes;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the dynamic comparison of methane emission during different composting processes.

Detailed Description

The invention provides an additive for synergistically reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process, which comprises ferrous sulfate and vermiculite, wherein the mass ratio of the ferrous sulfate to the vermiculite is (0.8-1.2): (0.8 to 1.2).

The mass ratio of the ferrous sulfate to the vermiculite in the additive is preferably 1: the method comprises the following steps of 1, wherein ferrous sulfate is weakly acidic and can react with ammonia gas to form ammonium sulfate and ferrous hydroxide precipitates, so that ammonia gas volatilization can be reduced, divalent iron is easy to oxidize and competes with a methane oxidation process to increase methane emission, and the vermiculite is a silicate with a layered structure, has high cation exchange capacity and electron transfer capacity, can promote the activity of aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria, and reduces methane generation; after the two are mixed, the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process can be promoted. In the present invention, the ferrous sulfate may be present in the form of either a solid or an aqueous solution, as long as the above mass ratio is satisfied.

In order to improve the action effect of the additive, the invention preferably dissolves ferrous sulfate in water to prepare a ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, and the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution and vermiculite are uniformly mixed to be used as the additive. The concentration of the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and ferrous sulfate can be sufficiently dissolved. The sources of the ferrous sulfate and the vermiculite are not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted.

The invention also provides application of the additive in reducing emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in a composting process.

The invention also provides a method for reducing the emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the compost raw materials to 55-75%, mixing the compost raw materials with the additives, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment.

The compost raw materials preferably comprise livestock manure and crushed corn straws, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the corn straws is preferably (1-2): 1. The length of the corn straw is preferably 1-3 cm. The livestock and poultry manure and the corn straw are uniformly mixed to form a composting raw material, and the water content of the composting raw material is adjusted to 55-75%, preferably 58-62%. The method for adjusting the water content is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the water content may be adjusted by a conventional method in the art.

The additive can be added before the composting is started, or can be added when the temperature rises to more than 50 ℃ after the composting; and the addition amount of the additive is preferably 5-10% of the dry weight of the composting raw material. The invention preferably utilizes a vacuum oven to dry the compost to a constant weight at 105 ℃ according to the standard of GB/T8576, and the weight is the dry weight of the compost raw material.

The aerobic composting treatment is preferably carried out by adopting a forced ventilation mode, the ventilation mode preferably comprises continuous ventilation or intermittent ventilation, the ventilation amount is preferably 0.2-1.0L/min/kg of composting raw materials, and the composting is turned once per week. The time for aerobic composting according to the invention is preferably 28 days. By the method of the present invention, nitrous oxide (N) can be converted₂O) emission from 10.5mg N kg^-1The dry matter is lifted to 15.8mg N kg^-1(dry matter) but ammonia (NH)₃) The discharge amount is 2614.9mg N kg^-1(dry matter) was reduced to 1994.0mg N kg^-1(dry matter), methane (CH)₄) The discharge amount is 862.9mg C kg^-1(Dry matter) reduced to 129.6mg C kg^-1(dry matter) total greenhouse gas emission of 45.9g CO₂-eq kg^-1Reduced to 21.1g CO₂-eq kg^-1Therefore, the method delays the emission peak value of the ammonia gas in the composting process, obviously reduces the volatilization of the ammonia gas in the composting process and reduces the loss of nitrogen.

The additive for synergistically reducing the emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process and the application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail by referring to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The main raw material of the compost is fresh cow dung which is taken from a tripod-sourced animal husbandry dairy farm in goldenrain city in Shijiazhuang. Taking corn straws as auxiliary materials, mixing solid excrement (20kg) and crushed corn straws (with the length of 1-3 cm and 10kg) according to the proportion of 2: 1 proportion, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be about 68 percent, and adding additives (480g) according to 5 percent of the dry weight (9.6kg) of the mixed material.

Additive: 240g of ferrous sulphate was dissolved in 500ml of water and mixed with 240g of vermiculite.

The additive and the compost material are fully and uniformly mixed (CA represents), the compost treatment without the additive is used as a control (C represents), meanwhile, a comparative experiment that only the same amount of ferrous sulfate (240g/500ml, Composting-C) and only vermiculite (240g, Composting-P) are added is set, the aerobic compost treatment is carried out by adopting a continuous forced ventilation mode, the ventilation quantity is 0.2L/min/kg dry matter, the compost is turned once every week, and the Composting period is 28 days. The physicochemical properties of the initial materials are shown in table 1, after aerobic composting treatment, the emission dynamics of ammonia and greenhouse gases are shown in table 2 and figures 1-4, and the additive can effectively reduce the ammonia emission in the composting process. The additive Compost (CA) can delay and reduce NH compared with the common compost (C)₃Peak emissions, cumulative emissions can be reduced by 24%. However, CA treatment will exacerbate the composting process of nitrous oxide (N)₂O) emission, indicating NH₃And N₂The emissions of O affect each other. CA treated N₂The peak of O emission appeared 15 days after composting, but no significant N was present in C treatment₂Peak of O emission, cumulative N of both₂The O emissions were 15.8 and 10.5mg N kg^-1(dry matter). Different composting of methane (CH)₄) Law of emission and NH₃Similarly, the additive can reduce CH in the composting process₄Emission, cumulative CH of CA treatment₄The discharge amount is 129.6mg C kg^-1And 1/5 for underC treatment. Total greenhouse gas emissions from CA treatment were 21.1g CO₂-eq kg^-11/2(45.9g CO) of underC disposal emission₂-eq kg^-1). In sum, the additive can synergistically reduce NH in livestock manure composting process₃And greenhouse gas emissions.

TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the compost raw materials (cow dung + corn stover)

TABLE 2 cumulative emissions (dry materials) of ammonia and greenhouse gases for each treatment

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.