阅读说明：本技术 多孔介质热管式自熄焦油页岩干馏炉及其使用方法 (Porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort and use method thereof ) 是由 赵磊 孙杰 孙思桐 王云海 马佳明 姚明骐 陶冶 李博妍 张佳祥 刘爱佳 贾冯睿 于 2020-12-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属油页岩干馏炼油领域,尤其涉及一种多孔介质热管式自熄焦油页岩及其使用方法,其中炉体分为上部进料区、中部燃烧干馏区及下部冷却排渣区；上部模块包括料仓(1)和下料管(2)；中部燃烧干馏区包括内干馏室(10)、加热室(8)、外干馏室(11)及燃烧室(13)；下部冷却排渣区包括内熄焦室(21)、外熄焦室(22)、冷却室(12)、炉底(17)及出料口(18)；在加热室(8)、内干馏室(10)与外干馏室(11)之间以及冷却室(12)、内熄焦室(21)与外熄焦室(22)之间固定设有传热管束(7)。本发明负荷调节范围广,具有较高的燃烧效率和稳定性,燃烧极限大,污染物含量少,可实现干馏和熄焦一体化。(The invention belongs to the field of oil shale dry distillation oil refining, and particularly relates to porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale and a using method thereof, wherein a furnace body is divided into an upper feeding area, a middle combustion dry distillation area and a lower cooling slag discharging area; the upper module comprises a bin (1) and a blanking pipe (2); the middle combustion dry distillation zone comprises an inner dry distillation chamber (10), a heating chamber (8), an outer dry distillation chamber (11) and a combustion chamber (13); the lower cooling slag discharging area comprises an inner coke quenching chamber (21), an outer coke quenching chamber (22), a cooling chamber (12), a furnace bottom (17) and a discharge hole (18); heat transfer tube bundles (7) are fixedly arranged among the heating chamber (8), the inner dry distillation chamber (10) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11) and among the cooling chamber (12), the inner coke quenching chamber (21) and the outer coke quenching chamber (22). The invention has wide load adjusting range, higher combustion efficiency and stability, large combustion limit and less pollutant content, and can realize the integration of dry distillation and coke quenching.)

1. A porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort furnace comprises a furnace body and is characterized in that: the furnace body is divided into an upper feeding area, a middle combustion and dry distillation area and a lower cooling and deslagging area;

the upper module comprises a bin (1) and a blanking pipe (2);

the middle combustion dry distillation zone comprises an inner dry distillation chamber (10), a heating chamber (8), an outer dry distillation chamber (11) and a combustion chamber (13); the combustion chamber (13) is a columnar cavity and is distributed in the middle area of the furnace body; the heating chamber (8) is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber (13), and an inner cavity at the upper part of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner dry distillation chamber (10) and an outer dry distillation chamber (11) along the radial direction;

the lower cooling slag discharging area comprises an inner quenching chamber (21), an outer quenching chamber (22), a cooling chamber (12), a furnace bottom (17) and a discharge hole (18); the cooling chamber (12) is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber (13), and a middle inner cavity of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner quenching chamber (21) and an outer quenching chamber (22) along the radial direction;

an outlet of the stock bin (1) is respectively communicated with the cavities of the inner dry distillation chamber (10) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11) through a blanking pipe (2); the inner dry distillation chamber (10) is communicated with the inner coke quenching chamber (21) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11) is communicated with the outer coke quenching chamber (22) up and down respectively; a partition (23) is fixedly arranged between the heating chamber (8) and the cooling chamber (12); heat transfer tube bundles (7) are respectively and fixedly arranged among the heating chamber (8), the inner dry distillation chamber (10) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11) and among the cooling chamber (12), the inner coke quenching chamber (21) and the outer coke quenching chamber (22); the discharge hole (18) is communicated with the bottoms of the inner quenching chamber (21) and the outer quenching chamber (22); the hot smoke outlet at the upper part of the combustion chamber (13) is communicated with the hot smoke inlet at the bottom of the heating chamber (8) through a hot smoke guide pipe (25); the refrigerant inlet (15) is communicated with an inlet at the bottom of the cooling chamber (12); the refrigerant outlet (14) is communicated with an outlet at the upper part of the cooling chamber (12); an oil shale gas conduit (27) is fixedly arranged at the upper parts of the inner dry distillation chamber (10) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11).

2. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 1, characterized in that: a hot waste gas duct (26) is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the heating chamber (8).

3. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 2, characterized in that: the combustion chamber (13) adopts a porous medium combustion chamber.

4. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 3, characterized in that: the combustion chamber (13) comprises a gas mixing zone, a preheating zone and a combustion zone from top to bottom; a spoiler (30) is fixedly arranged in the gas mixing area; the preheating zone comprises a flame-retardant expansion plate (31) and an underlying displacement layer (32); the lower pumping layer (32) adopts a porous medium; the combustion zone is formed by an upper pumping layer (33).

5. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 4, characterized in that: the combustion zone forms three porous medium layers with different pore densities along the radial direction, and the pore density of each porous medium layer in the combustion zone is smaller than that of the porous medium of the lower extraction layer (32) in the preheating zone.

6. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pore density of the extraction layer (32) below the preheating zone is 50-60 PPI; the pore density of the three porous medium layers in the combustion zone from outside to inside is 8-15 PPI, 15-22 PPI and 22-30 PPI respectively.

7. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 6, characterized in that: the lower extraction layer (32) adopts a ceramic foam plate; the height-diameter ratio of the lower extraction layer (32) is 1:1, and the porosity is more than 80%; the flame-retardant expansion plate (31) is provided with a plurality of through holes, the height-diameter ratio of the through holes is 1:4, and the porosity is 80-90%; the average aperture of the through holes is 2-4 mm.

8. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 7, characterized in that: the discharge hole (18) is connected with the furnace bottom (17) through a water seal.

9. The porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to claim 8, characterized in that: the discharge hole (18) adopts a lifting structure; the side wall of the discharge port (18) adopts a hollow structure corresponding to the position of the heat transfer tube bundle (7) so as to enable the heat transfer tube bundle to be seamlessly attached to the first row of heat transfer tubes in the heat transfer tube bundle (7).

10. A use method of the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. igniting the fuel in the gas mixing zone, and forming stable flame in the combustion zone through the preheating zone;

b. feeding the oil shale into an inner retort (10) and an outer retort (11) through an upper feed zone; transferring the heat energy generated in step a to a heating chamber (8); the heat energy of the heating chamber (8) is transferred to the inner dry distillation chamber (10) and the outer dry distillation chamber (11) through the heat transfer tube bundle (7) so as to realize the movable dry distillation of the oil shale; in the initial stage of filling, the discharge port (18) rises to the position of the partition (23), and then the discharge port (18) begins to slowly descend;

c. in the process that the refrigerant in the cooling chamber (12) absorbs heat from the inner quenching chamber (21) and the outer quenching chamber (22), the coke quenching of the dry distillation material entering the inner quenching chamber (21) and the outer quenching chamber (22) is realized;

d. the oil shale ash is discharged out of the furnace body through a discharge hole (18).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of oil shale dry distillation oil refining, and particularly relates to porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale and a using method thereof.

Background

At present, the space combustion with free flame as a characteristic is still the main mode of combustion of gas in a combustion chamber of an oil shale retort, the mode causes larger temperature gradient and uneven distribution near a flame surface, local high temperature causes generation of a large amount of nitrogen oxides, even the current advanced burner still has the conditions of insufficient combustion, unstable combustion and low combustion efficiency to generate a large amount of carbon monoxide, the heat of smoke and retort residues cannot be well utilized, and meanwhile, the cooling method of the residue cooling system is single.

Based on all the above concerns and questions, the scholars at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on the structure of the combustion chamber of the oil shale retort, including much work on the design of the nozzle. However, no scholars to date have introduced the porous medium premixed combustion technology into the field of oil shale retorting oil refining. Premixed combustion in porous media has many advantages: high combustion efficiency and stability, wide load regulation range, compact combustion chamber structure, enlarged combustion limit and the like, and the content of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfides and the like in combustion products is reduced. Therefore, the premixed combustion in the porous medium has great development prospect when being applied to the field of oil shale retorting oil refining.

The oil shale gas retort of the heat pipe type dry distillation process transfers the heat of combustion smoke to the oil shale indirectly through the heat pipe, and the smoke does not contact the oil shale, so that the oil shale gas is purer. In recent years, some external heating type oil shale dry distillation processes are provided in China, the problems of thermal efficiency and yield of a dry distillation furnace are improved, but the oil shale is heated by adopting a free flame combustion mode and an external heating type, so that the problems of uneven temperature distribution of a dry distillation chamber, low utilization rate of semicoke fixed carbon and the like are caused, and the problems of difficult maintenance and hidden danger of gas leakage and gas leakage are caused by arranging a heat storage chamber and/or a burner in some dry distillation furnaces.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a heat pipe type oil shale retort which can overcome the above problems, and has high thermal efficiency, easy maintenance and large daily oil shale processing amount.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale which has the advantages of wide load adjusting range, higher combustion efficiency and stability, large combustion limit and low pollutant content and can realize the integration of dry distillation and coke quenching.

The invention also provides a use method of the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:

the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort comprises a retort body; the furnace body is divided into an upper feeding area, a middle combustion and dry distillation area and a lower cooling and deslagging area;

the upper module comprises a bin and a discharging pipe;

the middle combustion dry distillation zone comprises an inner dry distillation chamber, a heating chamber, an outer dry distillation chamber and a combustion chamber; the combustion chamber is a columnar cavity and is distributed in the middle area of the furnace body; the heating chamber is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber, and an inner cavity at the upper part of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner dry distillation chamber and an outer dry distillation chamber along the radial direction;

the lower cooling slag discharge area comprises an inner coke quenching chamber, an outer coke quenching chamber, a cooling chamber, a furnace bottom and a discharge hole; the cooling chamber is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber, and an inner cavity in the middle of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner coke quenching chamber and an outer coke quenching chamber along the radial direction;

the outlet of the storage bin is respectively communicated with the cavities of the inner dry distillation chamber and the outer dry distillation chamber through a blanking pipe; the inner dry distillation chamber is communicated with the inner coke quenching chamber, and the outer dry distillation chamber is communicated with the outer coke quenching chamber from top to bottom; a partition is fixedly arranged between the heating chamber and the cooling chamber; heat transfer tube bundles are respectively and fixedly arranged among the heating chamber, the inner dry distillation chamber and the outer dry distillation chamber and among the cooling chamber, the inner coke quenching chamber and the outer coke quenching chamber; the discharge port is communicated with the bottoms of the inner coke quenching chamber and the outer coke quenching chamber; the hot flue gas outlet at the upper part of the combustion chamber is communicated with the hot flue gas inlet at the bottom of the heating chamber through a hot flue gas guide pipe; the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the inlet at the bottom of the cooling chamber; the refrigerant outlet is communicated with an outlet at the upper part of the cooling chamber; and oil shale gas guide pipes are fixedly arranged at the upper parts of the inner dry distillation chamber and the outer dry distillation chamber.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hot exhaust gas duct is fixed to an upper portion of the heating chamber.

Further, the combustion chamber of the invention can adopt a porous medium combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the combustion chamber comprises a gas mixing zone, a preheating zone and a combustion zone from top to bottom; a spoiler is fixedly arranged in the gas mixing area; the preheating zone comprises a flame-retardant expansion plate and a lower extraction layer; the lower extraction layer adopts a porous medium; the combustion zone is formed by an upper pumping layer.

Furthermore, the combustion zone of the invention forms three porous medium layers with different pore densities along the radial direction, and the pore density of each porous medium layer in the combustion zone is smaller than that of the porous medium of the lower exchange layer in the preheating zone.

Further, the pore density of the extraction layer below the preheating zone is 50-60 PPI; the pore density of the three porous medium layers in the combustion zone from outside to inside is 8-15 PPI, 15-22 PPI and 22-30 PPI respectively.

Furthermore, the lower replacing layer adopts a ceramic foam plate; the height-diameter ratio of the lower extraction layer is 1:1, and the porosity is more than 80%; the flame-retardant expansion plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, the height-diameter ratio of the through holes is 1:4, and the porosity is 80-90%; the average aperture of the through holes is 2-4 mm.

Furthermore, the discharge hole is connected with the furnace bottom through a water seal.

Furthermore, the discharge hole is of a liftable structure; the side wall of the discharge port adopts a hollow structure corresponding to the position of the heat transfer tube bundle so as to enable the side wall to be in seamless fit with the first row of heat transfer tubes in the heat transfer tube bundle.

The use method of the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort can be implemented according to the following steps:

a. igniting the fuel in the gas mixing zone, and forming stable flame in the combustion zone through the preheating zone;

b. feeding the oil shale into an inner dry distillation chamber and an outer dry distillation chamber through an upper feeding area; transferring the heat energy generated in the step a to a heating chamber; the heat energy of the heating chamber is transferred to the inner dry distillation chamber and the outer dry distillation chamber through the heat transfer tube bundle so as to realize the movable dry distillation of the oil shale; in the initial stage of filling, the discharge port is lifted to a partition position, and then the discharge port begins to slowly descend;

c. in the process that the refrigerant in the cooling chamber absorbs heat from the inner quenching chamber and the outer quenching chamber, the coke quenching of the dry distillation material entering the inner quenching chamber and the outer quenching chamber is realized;

d. the oil shale ash is discharged out of the furnace body through a discharge hole.

When the concentration of the fuel gas is lower than the lower limit of the explosion limit, the heat value is lower than 250Kca1/m³～420Kca1/m³Or the gas with higher dust content can realize the complete combustion with low concentration and low heat value, improve the heating uniformity and have high heat efficiency, and solve the problems of the replacement and the cleaning of the porous medium. The invention has reasonable structural design, convenient use and construction costLow cost, high heat efficiency and can realize the integration of dry distillation and coke quenching.

The oil shale gas retort provided by the invention has the advantages that the combination of the ceramic foam plate, the porous medium and the flame-retardant expansion plate is adopted in the combustion chamber to replace the traditional burner, the combustion efficiency and stability are higher, the load adjusting range is wide, the combustion chamber has a compact structure and a large combustion limit, the content of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfides and the like in combustion products is reduced, and meanwhile, the drawing structure is adopted in the combustion zone and the preheating zone, so that the maintenance workload is reduced. In addition, the porous medium and the flame-retardant barrier plate with the premixing function can effectively conduct heat away, and can prevent the occurrence of tempering caused by improper operation.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a storage bin; 2. a discharging pipe; 3. a hot exhaust gas outlet; 4. an oil shale gas outlet; 5. an outer furnace wall; 6. a dry distillation chamber wall; 7. a heat transfer tube bundle; 8. a heating chamber; 9. the inner wall of the furnace; 10. an inner dry distillation chamber; 11. an outer dry distillation chamber; 12. a cooling chamber; 13. a combustion chamber; 14. a cooling gas outlet; 15. a cold air inlet; 16. a furnace base frame; 17. a furnace bottom; 18. a discharge port; 19. a porous media combustor support; 20. heating the chamber wall; 21. an inner coke quenching chamber; 22. an outer coke quenching chamber; 23. separating; 24. a cold air duct; 25. a hot flue gas duct; 26. a hot exhaust gas conduit; 27. an oil shale gas conduit; 28. an annular oil shale gas header; 29. a cooling gas conduit; 30. a spoiler; 31. a flame retardant expansion plate; 32. a lower pumping layer; 33. a top pumping layer; 34. the heat pipe protects the umbrella.

Detailed Description

As shown in the figure, the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort comprises a retort body; the furnace body is divided into an upper feeding area, a middle combustion and dry distillation area and a lower cooling and deslagging area;

the upper module comprises a bin 1 and a blanking pipe 2;

the middle combustion dry distillation zone comprises an inner dry distillation chamber 10, a heating chamber 8, an outer dry distillation chamber 11 and a combustion chamber 13; the combustion chamber 13 is a columnar cavity and is distributed in the middle area of the furnace body; the heating chamber 8 is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber 13, and an inner cavity at the upper part of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner dry distillation chamber 10 and an outer dry distillation chamber 11 along the radial direction;

the lower cooling slag discharging area comprises an inner quenching chamber 21, an outer quenching chamber 22, a cooling chamber 12, a furnace bottom 17 and a discharge hole 18; the cooling chamber 12 is fixedly sleeved outside the combustion chamber 13, and the inner cavity in the middle of the furnace body is divided into two annular spaces of an inner quenching chamber 21 and an outer quenching chamber 22 along the radial direction;

an outlet of the storage bin 1 is respectively communicated with the cavities of the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 through a blanking pipe 2; the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the inner coke quenching chamber 21 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 and the outer coke quenching chamber 22 are respectively communicated up and down; a partition 23 is fixedly arranged between the heating chamber 8 and the cooling chamber 12; heat transfer tube bundles 7 are respectively and fixedly arranged among the heating chamber 8, the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, and among the cooling chamber 12, the inner coke quenching chamber 21 and the outer coke quenching chamber 22; the discharge port 18 is communicated with the bottoms of the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22; the hot flue gas outlet at the upper part of the combustion chamber 13 is communicated with the hot flue gas inlet at the bottom of the heating chamber 8 through a hot flue gas duct 25; the refrigerant inlet 15 is communicated with an inlet at the bottom of the cooling chamber 12; the refrigerant outlet 14 is communicated with an outlet at the upper part of the cooling chamber 12; an oil shale gas conduit 27 is fixedly arranged at the upper parts of the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11.

In the present invention, a hot exhaust gas duct 26 is fixed to the upper portion of the heating chamber 8.

The combustion chamber 13 of the present invention can be a porous medium combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber 13 comprises a gas mixing zone, a preheating zone and a combustion zone from top to bottom; a spoiler 30 is fixedly arranged in the gas mixing area; the preheating zone comprises a flame-retardant expansion plate 31 and a lower displacement layer 32; the lower pumping layer 32 adopts a porous medium; the combustion zone is formed by an upper pumping layer 33.

The combustion zone of the invention forms three porous medium layers with different pore densities along the radial direction, and the pore density of each porous medium layer in the combustion zone is less than that of the porous medium of the lower extraction layer 32 in the preheating zone.

The pore density of the extraction layer 32 below the preheating zone is 50-60 PPI; the pore density of the three porous medium layers in the combustion zone from outside to inside is 8-15 PPI, 15-22 PPI and 22-30 PPI respectively.

The lower replacement layer 32 adopts a ceramic foam plate; the height-diameter ratio of the lower extraction layer 32 is 1:1, and the porosity is more than 80%; the flame-retardant expansion plate 31 is provided with a plurality of through holes, the height-diameter ratio of the through holes is 1:4, and the porosity is 80-90%; the average aperture of the through holes is 2-4 mm.

The discharge hole 18 is connected with the furnace bottom 17 through a water seal.

The discharge port 18 adopts a lifting structure; the side wall of the discharge port 18 adopts a hollow structure corresponding to the position of the heat transfer tube bundle 7, so that the side wall is in seamless joint with the first row of heat transfer tubes in the heat transfer tube bundle 7.

The use method of the porous medium heat pipe type self-extinguishing tar shale retort can be implemented according to the following steps:

a. igniting the fuel in the gas mixing zone, and forming stable flame in the combustion zone through the preheating zone;

b. feeding the oil shale into an inner retort chamber 10 and an outer retort chamber 11 through an upper feeding zone; transferring the heat energy generated in step a to a heating chamber 8; the heat energy of the heating chamber 8 is transferred to the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 through the heat transfer tube bundle 7 so as to realize the movable dry distillation of the oil shale; at the initial stage of filling, the discharge port 18 rises to the position of the partition 23, and then the discharge port 18 begins to slowly descend;

c. in the process that the refrigerant in the cooling chamber 12 absorbs heat from the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22, the coke quenching of the dry distillation material entering the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 is realized;

d. the oil shale ash is discharged from the furnace body through a discharge port 18.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention is specifically designed to include a heat transfer tube bundle 7, a heating chamber 8, an inner dry distillation chamber 10, an outer dry distillation chamber 11, a cooling chamber 12, a combustion chamber 13, an inner quenching chamber 21 and an outer quenching chamber 22; the heating chamber 8, the inner dry distillation chamber 10, the outer dry distillation chamber 11, the cooling chamber 12, the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are all arranged in a concentric ring shape; the heating chamber 8, the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 are positioned at the upper half part of the furnace body; the cooling chamber 12, the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are positioned at the lower half part of the furnace body; the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, and the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are both an inner layer and an outer layer, and the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, and the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are respectively communicated up and down; the heating chamber 8 is clamped between the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11; the cooling chamber 12 is clamped between the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22; a partition 23 is provided between the heating chamber 8 and the cooling chamber 12. Heat transfer tube bundles 7 are arranged among the heating chamber 8, the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, and between the inner coke quenching chamber 21 and the outer coke quenching chamber 22. A heat pipe protection umbrella 34 is arranged above the heat transfer pipe bundle 7 to prevent the heat transfer pipe bundle from being broken by oil shale fragments, the heat absorption ends of the heat transfer pipe bundle 7 are respectively arranged in the heating chamber 8 or the inner coke quenching chamber 21 and the outer coke quenching chamber 22, and the heat release ends are respectively arranged in the inner carbonization chamber 10 and the outer carbonization chamber 11 or the cooling chamber 12. The top of the furnace body is provided with a feed hole. The bottom parts of the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are both provided with discharge ports. A water seal tank is arranged between the top of the furnace body and the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, and the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 are sealed; the furnace body is composed of a metal material and a nonmetal heat-resistant lining. The heat transfer tube bundle 7 is a medium temperature heat pipe element. The inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are vertically corresponding and are communicated up and down, a horizontal line is drawn along the middle partition of the cooling chamber 12 and the heating chamber 8 to be used as a theoretical conversion point of the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11, the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22, and the oil shale enters the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 for quenching through the conversion point after moving and dry distilling from top to bottom. The invention selects the superconducting heat pipe as a heat conducting element to carry out integration of dry distillation and dry quenching, and heat is transferred from a heating chamber 8 to an inner dry distillation chamber 10 and an outer dry distillation chamber 11 by a heat transfer pipe bundle 7 in the upper half part of a furnace body. The inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 heat the oil shale, the heat of the dry distillation materials in the inner coke quenching chamber 21 and the outer coke quenching chamber 22 is transferred to the cooling chamber 12 by the heat transfer pipe bundle 7 in the lower half part of the furnace body, and the heat is taken away by air cooling or water cooling, thereby achieving the purpose of dry quenching.

The combustion chamber 13 in the middle of the dry distillation furnace body is arranged between the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 and is built on a steel structure supported by steel beams; the hot flue gas duct 25 at the upper part in the heating chamber 8 is communicated; thus, not only can the required heat energy be provided, but also the stability of the gas retort can be ensured; the combustion chamber 13 of the invention consists of a cylindrical porous medium burner, and the whole porous medium burner is a gas mixing zone, a preheating zone and a combustion zone from bottom to top in sequence in terms of function. The heat generated by the combustion chamber enters the annular heating chamber 8 through the hot flue gas duct 25 above the combustion area, heats the heat transfer tube bundle 7, and heats the oil shale in the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 by the heat transfer tube bundle 7.

Structurally, the whole porous medium burner comprises a premixed gas zone, a flame-retardant expansion plate 31, a lower replacement layer 32 and an upper replacement layer 33 from bottom to top. The combustion zone is composed of an upper pumping layer 33, three annular porous medium layers with different pore densities are arranged in the combustion zone along the radial direction and are used for generating heat by combustion and transferring heat to the preheating zone to preheat gas and uniformly distribute the temperature; the preheating zone is composed of a flame-retardant expansion plate 31 and a lower extraction and exchange layer 32, and a porous medium is arranged in the lower extraction and exchange layer 32 and used for enhancing the mixing and transportation of fuel and air, so that the combustion speed is improved. The flame-retardant expansion plate 31 functions to prevent tempering; the gas mixing zone is composed of a spoiler 30 for introducing the mixed gas.

The preheating zone can effectively store the heat generated by the combustion zone, meanwhile, the mixing and transportation of fuel and air can be enhanced due to the specific flow channel bridge circuit and dispersion effect of the porous medium, the combustion speed is favorably improved, and meanwhile, the flow channels are different, so that impurities such as dust can be effectively filtered and placed on the flame-retardant expansion plate 31. The porous medium and the fire-retardant expansion plate 31 can rapidly conduct heat away, prevent the occurrence of backfire due to improper operation, and promote the mixing of fuel and air.

The lower part of the retort furnace is a cooling section and a slag discharging section, wherein the cooling section consists of a cooling chamber 12, a cooling gas outlet 14 and a cold air inlet 15. When the cooling system adopts water cooling, cold water enters from the cooling water inlet and flows out from the cooling water outlet. The inlet and outlet are reversed when air is used as the cooling medium.

The porous medium material is a ceramic foam board, the pore density of the porous medium in the preheating zone is 50 PPI-60 PPI, and the pore density of the porous medium in the three porous medium layers in the combustion zone is 8 PPI-15 PPI, 15 PPI-22 PPI and 22 PPI-30 PPI respectively. The lower extraction and exchange layer is a ceramic foam plate, the height-diameter ratio of the ceramic foam plate in the preheating zone is 1:1, the porosity is more than 80%, the flame-retardant expansion plate is provided with a plurality of through holes, the height-diameter ratio of the flame-retardant expansion plate is 1:1, the porosity is 80-90%, and the combustion zone with the average pore diameter of the through holes of the baffle brick being 2-4 mm comprises a plurality of annular porous medium layers and a central medium layer which are arranged from outside in the radial direction; the thickness ratio of the foam ceramic plate forming the combustion area of the foam ceramic plate together by the two annular porous medium layers and the central medium layer is 1: 1.5: 2, the porosity is 80-85%, 85-90% and above 90%.

According to the invention, a horizontal line is arranged along the partition 23 to be used as a theoretical conversion point of the dry distillation chamber and the coke quenching chamber, the heat transfer tube bundle 7 is arranged in the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 according to a certain angle, the heat absorption end of the heat transfer tube bundle 7 is arranged in the heating chamber 8, and the heat release end is arranged in the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11. The inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22 are arranged in the same angle in opposite directions, and the heat absorbing end is arranged in the inner quenching chamber 21 and the outer quenching chamber 22, and the heat releasing end is arranged in the cooling chamber 12.

The oil shale enters the inner dry distillation chamber 10 and the outer dry distillation chamber 11 through the blanking pipe 2 at the initial feeding stage, at the time, the dry distillation temperature is 400-1600 ℃, the material outlet 18 is lifted to the position of the partition 23, the temperature is 500-750 ℃, ash and slag are formed along with the dry distillation of the oil shale, the content of particles is not higher than 20g/NM, and then the ash and slag slowly descend at the oil shale dry distillation speed and stop descending when descending to the furnace bottom 17. The oil shale ash is discharged from a discharge port (18).

The heat source of the invention comes from a porous medium combustion chamber, hot flue gas in a combustion chamber 13 enters a heating chamber 8 through a hot flue gas guide pipe 25, a heat absorption end of a heat transfer pipe bundle 7 is heated, heat is instantly transferred into an inner dry distillation chamber 10 and an outer dry distillation chamber 11, the aim of dry distillation of oil shale is achieved, the oil shale dynamically moves from top to bottom to facilitate gas separation, the aim of dry distillation is fulfilled when the oil shale moves downwards to the same horizontal position as a partition 23, the oil shale continues to move downwards and enters an inner coke quenching chamber 21 and an outer coke quenching chamber 22, and the heat of dry distillation materials is transferred to a cooling chamber 12 through the heat transfer pipe; cold air enters from a cooling inlet 15 and is discharged from a cooling outlet 14, the cooling outlet 14 is connected with a hot air supply system outside the furnace body (the inlet and the outlet are opposite when a water cooling system is used), the temperature of the dry distillation material is reduced to be below the ignition point and is discharged from a discharge hole 18, the oxygen enrichment ratio of the dry distillation material can be properly increased to 20-95%, and the dry distillation material can be combusted more fully. The oil shale dry distillation can be more thorough by controlling the discharging speed. During the heating process of the inner and outer dry distillation chambers, gas is continuously separated out, and the gas is guided into the annular gas collecting pipe 28 through the gas guide pipe 27 of the inner and outer dry distillation chambers and is sucked out and purified through the gas outlet.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integral; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.