阅读说明：本技术 一种利用废油脂生产高黏度指数生物润滑油基础油的方法 (Method for producing high-viscosity-index biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil ) 是由 施军营 孙忠超 何清玉 徐荣兵 于 2020-12-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及润滑剂技术领域,公开了一种利用废油脂生产高黏度指数生物润滑油基础油的方法。包括步骤：S1)对废弃油脂进行预处理,获得预处理后的废弃油脂；S2)对预处理后的废弃油脂进行皂化反应；S3)对皂化反应后的反应产物进行离心处理,分离出水和甘油,得到脂肪酸盐；S4)脂肪酸盐与三羟甲基丙烷在酸性催化剂作用下进行酯化反应得到三羟甲基丙烷三酯。本发明利用餐厨废油脂、地沟油等废弃油脂,经过预处理,除去油脂中的杂质及水分,通过第一步皂化反应、第二步酯化反应制备三羟甲基丙烷酯,产物收率97％以上,获得绿色环保润滑油基础油,提供了一种经济高效的环保润滑油基础油制备方法,工艺流程简单、适用于大规模生产,产品粘度指数大于200。(The invention relates to the technical field of lubricants, and discloses a method for producing high-viscosity-index biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil. The method comprises the following steps: s1) pretreating the waste grease to obtain pretreated waste grease; s2) carrying out saponification reaction on the pretreated waste oil; s3) carrying out centrifugal treatment on the reaction product after the saponification reaction, and separating water and glycerol to obtain fatty acid salt; s4) carrying out esterification reaction on the fatty acid salt and trimethylolpropane under the action of an acid catalyst to obtain trimethylolpropane triester. The invention provides an economical and efficient preparation method of environment-friendly lubricating oil base oil, which is characterized in that waste oil such as kitchen waste oil and swill-cooked dirty oil is pretreated to remove impurities and water in the oil, trimethylolpropane ester is prepared through a first step of saponification reaction and a second step of esterification reaction, the yield of the product is more than 97%, and the environment-friendly lubricating oil base oil is obtained.)

1. A method for producing high-viscosity index biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1) collecting waste oil, and pretreating the waste oil to obtain pretreated waste oil;

s2) adding an alkali solution to carry out saponification reaction on the pretreated waste grease, and then separating soap water;

s3) carrying out esterification reaction on soap and alcohol under the action of a solid acid catalyst to obtain crude lubricating oil base oil;

s4) washing and drying the crude lubricating oil base oil to obtain refined biological lubricating oil base oil.

2. The method for producing bio-lubricant base oil using waste oils and fats according to claim 1, wherein the step of pretreating the waste oils and fats in the step S1) comprises the steps of:

s11), filtering solid impurities in the waste grease by using a filtering device;

s12) heating the waste grease without solid impurities to 100-120 ℃ to remove water;

s13) decoloring the waste oil after removing water by using activated clay;

s14) filtering the decolorized waste fat and oil to remove clay.

3. The method for producing bio-lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil and fat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that step S2) is performed by adding alkali solution to the pretreated waste oil and fat, wherein the reaction conditions are that 4 wt% -7 wt% of alkali is added based on the total mass of the waste oil and fat, the alkali is added in the form of 10 wt% -20 wt% of alkali solution, the reaction temperature is 90-120 ℃, the reaction time is 1-2 h, and then soap water separation is performed.

4. The method for producing a bio-lubricant base oil using waste oils and fats according to claim 3, wherein the soap obtained in step S2) is subjected to an esterification reaction with an alcohol under the action of a solid acid catalyst in step S3) to obtain a crude lubricant base oil. The reaction conditions are as follows: taking the total mass of the soap obtained by the saponification reaction in the step S2) as a reference, dehydrating 10-15% of trimethylolpropane through a solid acid catalyst bed under the vacuum degree of-0.098 Mpa, wherein the reaction temperature is 180-250 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-8 h.

5. The method for producing a bio-lubricant base oil using waste oils and fats according to claim 1, wherein the alkali is an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or ammonia water in step S2).

6. The method for producing bio-lubricant base oil using waste oils and fats according to claim 1, wherein the acidic catalyst is a solid super acid, a strongly acidic ion exchange resin in step S3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating oil preparation, in particular to a method for producing high-viscosity-index biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil.

Background

The waste oil refers to animal and vegetable oil which can not be eaten any more and is produced by food production and operation units in the operation process, and comprises inedible oil produced after the oil is used, waste oil in catering industry and inedible oil produced after oil-containing waste water is separated by an oil-water separator or an oil separation tank, and is commonly called swill oil, swill oil and waste oil. Compared with the grease before use, the grease has dark color, large viscosity, higher acid value and peroxide value and deeper rancidity degree. After the edible oil is used for a long time at high temperature, the nutritive value is obviously reduced, even a plurality of pathogenic components are generated, and the edible oil is extremely harmful to the health of human bodies after being eaten for a long time and is completely discarded. These oils have serious problems in the indexes such as peroxide value, residual solvent content of leached oil and the like prescribed in mandatory national standards. If the waste oil is directly discharged into a sewer, the waste oil can block and corrode pipelines due to high content of fatty acid, and the waste oil can cause large-area water surface pollution and water eutrophication in severe cases. The establishment of a waste oil recovery system is imperative, and the recycling of the oil to produce high value-added products is also an effective means for improving economic benefits. The method for producing the biological lubricating oil base oil by using the waste oil is an efficient utilization way.

The biological lubricating oil has the characteristic of small environmental pollution, and after entering the environment, the biological lubricating oil has a short life cycle due to good biodegradability and low toxicity, and cannot be retained in the environment for a long time to have serious and continuous influence on soil or surface water areas. The biological lubricating oil has good lubricating property, high viscosity index, small viscosity change along with temperature change, stable performance and good low-temperature performance. The biological lubricating oil has low pour point, can be used at low temperature, has higher flash point, lower volatility, low possibility of ignition and explosion and high safety. In addition, the catalyst has good oxidation stability and long service life, and is suitable for higher use environment. The waste grease is used for preparing polyol ester such as trimethylolpropane ester through multi-step reaction, and the polyol ester can be used as base oil of biological lubricating oil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the direct discharge of waste oil pollutes the environment, and provides a method for producing biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil. The invention provides an economical and efficient environment-friendly lubricating oil base oil preparation method, which is characterized in that waste edible oil is pretreated to remove impurities and water in the oil, and trimethylolpropane ester is prepared through a first-step saponification reaction and a second-step esterification reaction to obtain the lubricating oil base oil.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for producing biological lubricating oil base oil by using waste oil comprises the following steps:

s1) collecting waste oil, and pretreating the waste oil to obtain pretreated waste oil;

s2) adding an alkali solution to carry out saponification reaction on the pretreated waste grease, and then separating soap water;

s3) carrying out esterification reaction on soap and alcohol under the action of a solid acid catalyst to obtain crude lubricating oil base oil;

s4) washing and drying the crude lubricating oil base oil to obtain refined biological lubricating oil base oil.

The preparation of the lubricating oil base oil from the waste oil needs two steps of reactions, wherein the first step of saponification reaction is saponification reaction between an alkaline aqueous solution and the waste oil to generate fatty acid salt. And (3) carrying out esterification reaction on the fatty acid salt obtained by the first-step saponification reaction and trimethylolpropane to prepare the trimethylolpropane ester. The obtained product can be used as the base oil of lubricating oil after being refined, and can be mixed with various additives to prepare the lubricating oil with qualified indexes. The second step of esterification reaction adopts solid super acidic catalyst, acidic ion exchange resin and other acidic catalysts, bubbles are not easy to generate in the reaction process, the reaction process is stable, and independent vacuum dehydration is not needed. And distilling the obtained reaction product under reduced pressure to evaporate reactants to obtain the trimethylolpropane ester, wherein the product yield is over 97 percent, and the product viscosity index is more than 200.

Further, in step S1), the pretreatment of the waste oil and fat includes the steps of:

s11), filtering solid impurities in the waste grease by using a filtering device;

s12) heating the waste grease without solid impurities to 100-120 ℃ to remove water;

s13) decoloring the waste oil after removing water by using activated clay;

s14) filtering the decolorized waste fat and oil to remove clay.

The waste oil is obtained by recovering waste oil and waste oil from kitchen waste, the waste oil is firstly subjected to a pretreatment process, solid impurities are filtered out by a filtering device, the waste oil with the impurities removed is dark brown viscous liquid with pungent odor, then the dark brown viscous liquid is heated to 100-120 ℃, preferably 110 ℃, water is removed, activated clay is used for decolorization, the decolorized waste oil is filtered to remove clay, and the oil is clear transparent pale yellow liquid.

Further, in step S2), an alkali aqueous solution is added to the pretreated waste oil and fat to perform a saponification reaction, and the reaction conditions are as follows, based on the total mass of the waste oil and fat: adding 4-7 wt% of alkali in the form of 10-20 wt% of alkali water solution, wherein the temperature is 90-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 h.

Further, in step S3), the product obtained by the saponification reaction is centrifuged to separate water and glycerin, thereby obtaining a purified fatty acid salt.

Further, in step S3), salt particles of 0.2 to 0.4 based on the total mass of the waste oil and fat are added before the centrifugal separation.

Further, in the step S4), the mass ratio of the fatty acid salt to the trimethylolpropane is 7: 1-15: 1, the vacuum degree is minus 0.098Mpa, the reaction temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-8 hours.

Further, in step S2), the aqueous alkali solution is an aqueous solution of an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or ammonia water.

Further, in step S3), the salt particles are sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, and the like, which correspond to the alkali aqueous solution in step S2), and are easily soluble in water.

Further, in step S4), the acidic catalyst is a solid super acid, a strongly acidic ion exchange resin, or the like.

Further, in step S12), the waste oil and fat from which the solid impurities are removed is heated to 110 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the waste edible oil and fat to remove impurities and water in the oil and fat through pretreatment, and prepares the trimethylolpropane ester through the first step of saponification reaction and the second step of esterification reaction to obtain the lubricating oil base oil with high product yield. Provides an economical and efficient preparation method of the environment-friendly lubricating oil base oil, and the obtained lubricating oil base oil has high viscosity index.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

First embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for producing a bio-lubricant base oil using waste oils and fats includes the steps of:

s1), collecting waste oil, and pretreating the waste oil, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

s11), filtering solid impurities in the waste grease by using a filtering device;

s12) heating the waste grease without the solid impurities to 110 ℃, and removing water;

s13) decoloring the waste oil after removing water by using activated clay;

s14) filtering the decolorized waste fat and oil to remove clay.

And obtaining the pretreated waste grease.

S2), performing saponification reaction on the pretreated waste oil, wherein the reaction conditions are as follows based on the total mass of the waste oil: adding 6 wt% of alkali in the form of 15 wt% of alkali solution, reacting at 100 ℃ for 2 h.

Adding 0.3 salt particles based on the total mass of the waste oil before centrifugal separation, and then carrying out centrifugal separation to obtain the fatty acid salt.

S3) carrying out esterification reaction under the action of an acid catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the fatty acid salt to the trimethylolpropane is 8:1, and the fatty acid salt and the trimethylolpropane are dehydrated through a solid super acid bed layer or a strong acid ion exchange resin column under the vacuum degree of-0.098 Mpa, the reaction temperature is 200 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 hours. And washing and drying the product of the esterification reaction to obtain refined trimethylolpropane ester with the product viscosity index of 205.

By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

the invention provides an economical and efficient preparation method of environment-friendly lubricating oil base oil, which is characterized in that waste edible oil is pretreated to remove impurities and water in the oil, trimethylolpropane ester is prepared through a first-step saponification reaction and a second-step esterification reaction to obtain lubricating oil base oil, the product yield is 97%, and the viscosity index of the obtained lubricating oil base oil is more than 200.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.