阅读说明：本技术 一种利于减少废料的石灰石矿山开采方法 (Limestone mining method beneficial to reducing waste ) 是由 喻卓凡 陈曦 罗思维 焦思洋 罗应铎 罗杨珺 罗斯特 罗凌利 于 2020-12-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利于减少废料的石灰石矿山开采方法,涉及矿山开采技术领域。包括以下步骤：S1、测量放线：S2、表土清除：人工伐木之后,用人工配合推土机清除树根、腐烂植物及表土,装载机配合自卸车运至弃土场；S3、钻孔爆破：S4、制作分布图表：对采场内每一个作业爆堆后冲面,按间距1-2米取样,化验Ca、Mg、SiO2、K、Na指标,根据化验结果,绘制采区爆堆后冲面质量分布图表；S5、二次破碎与剥离：S6、运输：S7、废石破碎分类。本发明通过对矿石进行取样检测、剥离、破碎和筛选,能够对废石资源综合回收利用率高,解决了废石堆放占地面积大,易发生滑坡与泥石流等安全隐患的问题,避免环境污染。(The invention discloses a limestone mining method beneficial to reducing waste materials, and relates to the technical field of mining. The method comprises the following steps: s1, measurement and setting: s2, removing surface soil: after manual felling, removing tree roots, rotten plants and surface soil by manually matching with a bulldozer, and matching with a loader, self-unloading and transporting to a waste soil yard; s3, drilling and blasting: s4, preparing a distribution chart: sampling the impact surface after blasting of each operation in the stope according to the interval of 1-2 meters, testing indexes of Ca, Mg and SiO2 and K, Na, and drawing a quality distribution chart of the impact surface after blasting of the stope according to the testing result; s5, secondary crushing and stripping: s6, transportation: and S7, crushing and classifying the waste rocks. According to the invention, through sampling, detecting, stripping, crushing and screening the ore, the comprehensive recovery and utilization rate of waste rock resources is high, the problems of large waste rock stacking occupied area, easy occurrence of potential safety hazards such as landslide and debris flow and the like are solved, and environmental pollution is avoided.)

1. A limestone mining method facilitating waste reduction, comprising the steps of:

s1, measurement and setting: pile marking is carried out on the control points of construction after the terrain is retested by utilizing the established measurement control network, the elevation is measured, and pile crossing is carried out on the current constructors;

s2, removing surface soil: after manual felling, removing tree roots, rotten plants and surface soil by manually matching with a bulldozer, and matching with a loader, self-unloading and transporting to a waste soil yard;

s3, drilling and blasting: according to the geological conditions and occurrence characteristics of the coal bed, the positions of all the blast points are determined in a manual measurement and calculation mode, drilling operation is carried out on the positions of the blast points, then earth and stones in the blast holes are removed, explosives with corresponding weight are buried in the blast holes, and the explosives are detonated under the condition that personnel are located at safe positions;

s4, preparing a distribution chart: sampling the impact surface after blasting of each operation in the stope according to the interval of 1-2 meters, testing indexes of Ca, Mg and SiO2 and K, Na, and drawing a quality distribution chart of the impact surface after blasting of the stope according to the testing result;

s5, secondary crushing and stripping: performing secondary crushing by using an excavator and a hydraulic crushing hammer, and sorting and matching by using the excavator to separate and strip limestone, alkali-making limestone, cement limestone, flux limestone, low-quality cement stone and waste stone in ores;

s6, transportation: sequentially transferring various ores to a crusher and a transportation lane reversed loader through a bulldozer;

s7, waste stone crushing and classifying: crushing and screening the waste rocks by a crusher and a screening machine, crushing the waste rocks into crushed rocks with different particle sizes, and screening the crushed rocks to sort and classify the crushed rocks with different particle sizes; the method is characterized in that different types of broken stones are stored respectively, large super independent stones on the ground surface are recycled for processing stone products, the broken stones are bluish white in color and free of mixed colors, waste stones with the granularity of 10-26mm are used as building aggregates, the waste stones with the smaller granularity diameter are subjected to crushing and shaping processing to form different levels of machine-made sand, the chemical index content or hardness of the waste stones do not reach the standard, and pure waste stones which cannot be used for processing are backfilled to a mining area of a closed pit or are broken into road cushions below 400 mm.

2. A limestone mining method for reducing waste material benefit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the soil layer on the surface of the natural soil slope is collected and stockpiled in the newly developed mining area, and the former mining area is backfilled for the ecological environment recovery treatment of the mining area.

3. A limestone mining method beneficial to waste reduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the excavation depth is more than 4m in step S3, a medium-length hole blasting method is adopted, namely, a down-the-hole drill is used for drilling holes with the aperture of more than 115mm, quincunx or rectangular holes are distributed, coal is dug through double networks, when the excavation depth is more than 12m, a layered excavation mode is adopted, according to the requirements of the design on the side slope, the layered height is 12m for each layer, the excavation depth is less than 4m, and blasting such as bottom falling, blasting changing, slope undermining position burying, intercepting ditch excavation and the like are carried out, wherein, the hand-wind drilling is adopted for drilling holes, small blasting is completed, namely, the diameter of the drilling holes is 40mm, the hole depth is shallower, and the blasting scale of each blasting is smaller, the blasting method is matched with deep hole blasting, auxiliary blasting, and is complementary to deep hole blasting, the excavation depth is less than 4m, and blasting such as bottom falling, changing, slope undermining, drilling by a hand pneumatic drill and completing small blasting, namely blasting with the diameter of the drill hole of 40mm, shallow hole depth and small blasting scale each time, wherein the blasting method is the cooperation of deep hole blasting and auxiliary blasting and is the supplement of the deep hole blasting.

4. A method for mining limestone mine to facilitate the reduction of waste material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step S4 is to pick up the ore sample from the original ore feed, to add the ore sample, grinding aid, grinding beads and water to the ball mill to form a slurry, to perform composition testing on the plurality of sets of samples by a composition testing instrument, and to perform the composition testing by charting.

5. A limestone mining method for reducing waste material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blasting slag is the majority of ore and the machine is unable to pick out the ore in step S5, but the blasting slag is the majority of ore and the machine is unable to pick out the ore, but if the large ore is present, the large ore must be picked out and piled up separately when the size is minimum, and the large ore cannot be discharged into the dump randomly, the blasting slag is the majority of ore and the rock is few, and the large rock is not beyond the minimum size when the ore is loaded.

6. A limestone mining method for facilitating the reduction of waste material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing and screening step in the step S7 includes the following steps: the method comprises the steps of feeding waste rocks to a coarse crusher by a feeding machine, sending the waste rocks to a screening machine by a belt conveyor after coarse crushing, dividing the waste rocks into 3 parts after screening, directly sending slag with the particle size smaller than 10mm to an open storage yard by a belt conveyor to stack, crushing and shaping to form different levels of machine-made sand, transferring finished ore with the particle size of 10-26mm to the belt conveyor by a transfer station to a finished product warehouse to be used as building aggregate, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a middle crusher by the belt conveyor, sending the crushed ore to the screening machine, dividing the screened ore into 2 parts, enabling the ore with the particle size smaller than 26mm to slide to the belt conveyor, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a fine crusher, and sending the fine crushed ore to the screening machine by the belt conveyor to be screened again.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a limestone mining method beneficial to reducing waste materials.

Background

Limestone is a common non-metallic mineral product and is a valuable resource with extremely wide application, limestone is a commodity name of a mineral raw material, limestone is widely applied in human civilization history by the characteristics of wide distribution and easy acquisition in nature, when the limestone mine is a hillside open-pit mine, a top-down horizontal mining method can be adopted, and according to the technical conditions of ore deposit mining and the exploitation transportation mode, a longitudinal ore rock moving and transporting method and a horizontal layered mining method can be adopted

In the open-air limestone mine, because of different ore useful index contents, most mines are rich and poor in quality, a large amount of waste rocks are piled to form a dumping field, the waste rock field occupies a large area, the environment is polluted, and potential safety hazards such as landslide and debris flow exist in rainy and snowy weather, so that the limestone mine mining method which is beneficial to reducing waste materials is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a limestone mining method which is beneficial to reducing waste materials, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a limestone mining method for facilitating waste reduction, comprising the steps of:

s1, measurement and setting: pile marking is carried out on the control points of construction after the terrain is retested by utilizing the established measurement control network, the elevation is measured, and pile crossing is carried out on the current constructors;

s2, removing surface soil: after manual felling, removing tree roots, rotten plants and surface soil by manually matching with a bulldozer, and matching with a loader, self-unloading and transporting to a waste soil yard;

s3, drilling and blasting: according to the geological conditions and occurrence characteristics of the coal bed, the positions of all the blast points are determined in a manual measurement and calculation mode, drilling operation is carried out on the positions of the blast points, then earth and stones in the blast holes are removed, explosives with corresponding weight are buried in the blast holes, and the explosives are detonated under the condition that personnel are located at safe positions;

s4, preparing a distribution chart: sampling the impact surface after blasting of each operation in the stope according to the interval of 1-2 meters, testing indexes of Ca, Mg and SiO2 and K, Na, and drawing a quality distribution chart of the impact surface after blasting of the stope according to the testing result;

s5, secondary crushing and stripping: performing secondary crushing by using an excavator and a hydraulic crushing hammer, and sorting and matching by using the excavator to separate and strip limestone, alkali-making limestone, cement limestone, flux limestone, low-quality cement stone and waste stone in ores;

s6, transportation: sequentially transferring various ores to a crusher and a transportation lane reversed loader through a bulldozer;

s7, waste stone crushing and classifying: crushing and screening the waste rocks by a crusher and a screening machine, crushing the waste rocks into crushed rocks with different particle sizes, and screening the crushed rocks to sort and classify the crushed rocks with different particle sizes; the method is characterized in that different types of broken stones are stored respectively, large super independent stones on the ground surface are recycled for processing stone products, the broken stones are bluish white in color and free of mixed colors, waste stones with the granularity of 10-26mm are used as building aggregates, the waste stones with the smaller granularity diameter are subjected to crushing and shaping processing to form different levels of machine-made sand, the chemical index content or hardness of the waste stones do not reach the standard, and pure waste stones which cannot be used for processing are backfilled to a mining area of a closed pit or are broken into road cushions below 400 mm.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the soil layer on the surface of the natural soil slope is collected and stocked in the newly-exploited mining area, and the previous mining area is backfilled for restoring and treating the ecological environment of the mining area.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, when the excavation depth is more than 4m in the step S3, a medium-length hole blasting method is adopted, namely a down-the-hole drill is used for drilling holes with the aperture of more than 115mm, quincunx or rectangular holes are distributed, coal is started through double networks, when the excavation depth is more than 12m, a layered excavation mode is adopted, according to the requirements of design on side slopes, the layered height is 12m on each layer, the excavation depth is less than 4m, blasting such as bottom drop, blasting change, slope underexcavation burying, intercepting ditch excavation and the like, drilling holes through a hand wind drill, and small blasting is completed, namely the hole diameter of the drilled hole is 40mm, the hole depth is shallower, blasting with smaller blasting scale is completed in each time, the blasting method is matched with deep hole blasting and auxiliary blasting, is complementary to deep hole blasting, the excavation depth is less than 4m, blasting change blasting, slope undermining burying, intercepting ditch excavation and the like, drilling holes through hand wind drill are completed, namely the small blasting is completed, namely the hole diameter of the drilled, the hole depth is shallow, and each time of blasting scale is small, the blasting method is the cooperation of deep hole blasting and auxiliary blasting, and is the supplement of deep hole blasting.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S4, an ore sample is picked up from an original ore incoming material, the ore sample, a grinding aid, grinding beads and water are added into a ball mill and then ball-milled to form slurry, a component detection instrument is used for component detection of a plurality of groups of samples, and a chart is formed by the component detection instrument.

In step S5, the slag in the blasting pile accounts for a majority of ores and the machine cannot pick out the ores, but if the slag in the blasting pile accounts for a majority of ores and the machine cannot pick out the ores, the ore must be separately picked out and stacked when the size of the ore is the smallest, the ore cannot be randomly discharged into a dumping yard, the ore in the blasting pile accounts for a majority of ores and the rock size of the rock cannot exceed the smallest size when the ore is loaded.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, the crushing and screening step in the step S7 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of feeding waste rocks to a coarse crusher by a feeding machine, sending the waste rocks to a screening machine by a belt conveyor after coarse crushing, dividing the waste rocks into 3 parts after screening, directly sending slag with the particle size smaller than 10mm to an open storage yard by a belt conveyor to stack, crushing and shaping to form different levels of machine-made sand, transferring finished ore with the particle size of 10-26mm to the belt conveyor by a transfer station to a finished product warehouse to be used as building aggregate, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a middle crusher by the belt conveyor, sending the crushed ore to the screening machine, dividing the screened ore into 2 parts, enabling the ore with the particle size smaller than 26mm to slide to the belt conveyor, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a fine crusher, and sending the fine crushed ore to the screening machine by the belt conveyor to be screened again.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the limestone mining method which is beneficial to reducing waste materials, and has the following beneficial effects:

this lime stone mining method that does benefit to reduce waste material through carry out sample detection, peeling off, breakage and screening to the ore, makes the ore barren rock form multiple granularity, can be used to building aggregate, the mechanism sand of different granularities, and the pure barren rock of great granularity can backfill to closed the hole simultaneously and take, and the pure barren rock of less granularity can regard as the road bed course, can be high to barren rock resource comprehensive recovery utilization, has solved that the barren rock area of piling is big, the problem of potential safety hazards such as landslide and mud-rock flow easily takes place, avoids environmental pollution.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a limestone mining method which is beneficial to reducing waste materials and provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a limestone mining method beneficial to reducing waste materials, comprising the following steps:

s1, measurement and setting: pile marking is carried out on the control points of construction after the terrain is retested by utilizing the established measurement control network, the elevation is measured, and pile crossing is carried out on the current constructors;

s2, removing surface soil: after artificial felling, removing tree roots, rotten plants and surface soil by manually matching with a bulldozer, matching a loader with a self-unloading truck and transporting the self-unloading truck to a waste soil yard, collecting and piling up soil layers on the surface of a natural soil slope in a newly-exploited mining area in the step S2, and backfilling the former mining area for restoring and treating the ecological environment of the mining area;

s3, drilling and blasting: according to the geological conditions and occurrence characteristics of the coal bed, the positions of all the blast points are determined through manual measurement and calculation, the blast points are drilled, earth and stones in the blast holes are removed, explosives with corresponding weight are buried in the blast holes, the explosives are detonated under the condition that personnel are determined to be in a safe position, when the excavation depth is more than 4m in the step S3, a medium-length hole blasting method is adopted, namely, a down-the-hole drill is used for drilling holes with the aperture of more than 115mm, quincunx or rectangular holes are distributed, dual-network coal is adopted, when the excavation depth is more than 12m, a layered excavation method is adopted, according to the requirements of design on side slopes, the layered height is 12m in each layer, the excavation depth is less than 4m, and blasting such as bottom drop, blasting, slope surface undermining, intercepting ditch excavation and the like are carried out, the drilling is carried out through hand wind drilling, namely, the drilling holes with the apertures of 40mm in diameter and the holes are shallow, blasting with small scale each time, wherein the blasting method is the matching of deep hole blasting, auxiliary blasting and the supplement of the deep hole blasting, the excavation depth is less than 4m, blasting such as bottom drop, blasting change, slope underexcavation burying, intercepting ditch excavation and the like, drilling is carried out by a hand pneumatic drill, and small blasting is completed, namely the drilling hole diameter is 40mm, the hole depth is shallow, and the blasting with small scale each time is the matching of the deep hole blasting and the auxiliary blasting and the supplement of the deep hole blasting;

s4, preparing a distribution chart: sampling the blasting face of each operation in the stope at intervals of 1-2 meters, testing indexes of Ca, Mg, SiO2 and K, Na, drawing a quality distribution chart of the blasting face of a mining area after blasting according to a test result, picking up an ore sample from an original ore incoming material in the step S4, adding the ore sample, a grinding aid, grinding beads and water into a ball mill, carrying out ball milling to form slurry, carrying out component detection on a plurality of groups of samples by a component detection instrument, and making the slurry into the chart;

s5, secondary crushing and stripping: performing secondary crushing by using an excavator and a hydraulic crushing hammer, selecting and matching by using the excavator, and separating and stripping limestone, alkali-making limestone, cement limestone, fluxed limestone, low-quality cement stone and waste rock in ores, wherein slag in blasting pile accounts for a majority of ores and the ores cannot be picked out by machinery in the step S5, but if slag in blasting pile accounts for a majority of ores and the ores cannot be picked out by machinery, if large ores exist, the large ores are required to be picked out and stacked independently when the specification is minimum, the large ores cannot be discharged into a dump at will, the large ores in blasting pile are abundant in rocks and few in rocks, and when the ores are loaded, the large rocks cannot exceed the minimum specification;

s6, transportation: sequentially transferring various ores to a crusher and a transportation lane reversed loader through a bulldozer;

s7, waste stone crushing and classifying: crushing and screening the waste rocks by a crusher and a screening machine, crushing the waste rocks into crushed rocks with different particle sizes, and screening the crushed rocks to sort and classify the crushed rocks with different particle sizes; storing different types of broken stones respectively, recycling large super independent stones on the ground surface for processing stone products, enabling the broken stones to be bluish white in color and free of mixed colors, enabling waste stones with the granularity of 10-26mm to be used as building aggregates, enabling the waste stones with the smaller granularity diameter to be subjected to breaking, shaping and processing to form different levels of machine-made sand, enabling the chemical index content or hardness to be not up to standard, enabling the pure waste stones which cannot be used for processing to be backfilled to a mining area of a closed pit or broken into road cushions with the size of below 400mm, and enabling the broken stones and the ground stones in the step S7 to be crushed and screened to comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps of feeding waste rocks to a coarse crusher by a feeding machine, sending the waste rocks to a screening machine by a belt conveyor after coarse crushing, dividing the waste rocks into 3 parts after screening, directly sending slag with the particle size smaller than 10mm to an open storage yard by a belt conveyor to stack, crushing and shaping to form different levels of machine-made sand, transferring finished ore with the particle size of 10-26mm to the belt conveyor by a transfer station to a finished product warehouse to be used as building aggregate, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a middle crusher by the belt conveyor, sending the crushed ore to the screening machine, dividing the screened ore into 2 parts, enabling the ore with the particle size smaller than 26mm to slide to the belt conveyor, sending the ore with the particle size larger than 26mm to a fine crusher, and sending the fine crushed ore to the screening machine by the belt conveyor to be screened again.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: through measuring and setting out, establishing a measuring and controlling net, collecting and piling soil layers on the surface of a natural soil slope in a newly-developed mining area, backfilling the previous mining area for recovery and treatment of the ecological environment of the mining area, drilling and blasting the mining area, picking up ore samples from blasting pile original ore incoming materials, adding the ore samples, grinding aids, grinding beads and water into a ball mill, carrying out ball milling to form slurry, carrying out component detection on a plurality of groups of samples through a component detection instrument, carrying out secondary crushing through an excavator and a hydraulic crushing hammer by making a diagram, separating, selecting, matching and stripping limestone, alkali-making limestone, cement limestone, flutamite, low-quality cement stone and waste stone in ores, conveying the waste stones to a crusher and a screening machine through a bulldozer, feeding the waste stones to a coarse crusher through a feeder, coarsely crushing the waste stones, and conveying the waste stones to a screening machine through a rubber belt conveyor, dividing the waste rocks into 3 parts after screening, directly conveying slag with the particle size of less than 10mm to an open yard through a belt conveyor for stacking, conveying finished ore with the particle size of 10-26mm to a finished product warehouse through a transfer station to the belt conveyor, conveying the ore with the particle size of more than 26mm to a middle crusher through the belt conveyor, conveying the crushed ore to a screening machine, dividing the screened ore into 2 parts, conveying the ore with the particle size of less than 26mm to the belt conveyor, conveying the ore with the particle size of more than 26mm to a fine crusher, conveying the finely crushed ore to the screening machine through the belt conveyor for secondary screening, crushing the waste rocks into crushed rocks with different particle sizes, and screening the crushed rocks to sort the crushed rocks with different particle sizes; the broken stones of different types are respectively stored, the super independent large stone blocks on the earth surface are recycled for processing stone products, the broken stones are bluish white in color and free of mixed colors, the waste stones with the granularity of 10-26mm are used as building aggregates, the particle size diameter is smaller, different levels of machine-made sand are formed through breaking, shaping and processing, the chemical index content or hardness is not up to standard, the pure waste stones which cannot be used for processing are backfilled to a mining area of a closed pit, or the waste stones are broken into road cushions below 400mm, the comprehensive recycling rate of waste stone resources is high, the problems that the waste stones are large in stacking occupied area, potential safety hazards such as landslide and debris flow are prone to happening are solved, and environmental pollution is avoided.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.