阅读说明：本技术 一种原位测量轨道中性气体粒子速度的探测器及探测方法 (Detector and detection method for in-situ measurement of track neutral gas particle velocity ) 是由 李永平 李佳 王馨悦 王玉洁 郑晓亮 于 2020-11-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于航天探测设备技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种原位测量轨道中性气体粒子速度的探测器,其包括彼此连接的传感器和信号处理电路；所述传感器,用于对轨道中性气体粒子进行无速度损失电离,获取不同调制电压下所通过的离子数量；所述信号处理电路,用于对当前调制电压下的离子信号进行电压放大,获得对应的多个电压信号,并基于得到的多个电压信号进行制图,得到当前调制电压下的离子的调制能量图,从而获得离子速度,进而得到轨道中性气体粒子速度。(The invention belongs to the technical field of space detection equipment, and particularly relates to a detector for in-situ measurement of the velocity of neutral gas particles in an orbit, which comprises a sensor and a signal processing circuit, wherein the sensor and the signal processing circuit are connected with each other; the sensor is used for ionizing the neutral gas particles in the orbit without velocity loss to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages; the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out voltage amplification on the ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, drawing a graph based on the plurality of obtained voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy graph of ions under the current modulation voltage, and further obtaining the ion velocity and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit.)

1. A detector for in-situ measurement of the velocity of orbital neutral gas particles, comprising a sensor and a signal processing circuit connected to each other;

the sensor is used for ionizing the neutral gas particles in the orbit without velocity loss to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages;

the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out voltage amplification on the ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, drawing a graph based on the plurality of obtained voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy graph of ions under the current modulation voltage, and further obtaining the ion velocity and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit.

2. The probe for in situ measurement of orbital neutral gas particle velocity according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises: an open source ion source, an energy analyzer, and a detector;

the open source ion source is used for ionizing neutral gas particles in the orbit without velocity loss by adopting vertical incidence type electron bombardment, and meanwhile, the ionized ions are input into the energy analyzer along the original motion trail by arranging an electric field for the open source ion source;

the energy analyzer is used for applying a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions and emitting the ions higher than the modulation voltage of the energy band to the detector;

and the detector is used for detecting the ions emitted by the energy analyzer and obtaining the number of the ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

3. The probe for in situ measurement of orbital neutral gas particle velocity according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing circuitry comprises: the device comprises a modulation voltage generator, an electrode voltage generator, an ion source control circuit, a weak signal amplifier, an image processor and a power supply circuit;

the modulation voltage generator is used for generating modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing manner, supplying the modulation voltages of the different energy sections to the energy analyzer and modulating the kinetic energy of the ionized ions;

the weak signal amplifier is used for carrying out voltage amplification on ions passing through under the current modulation voltage obtained in the detector and converting the ions into corresponding voltage signals;

the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of ions under the current modulation voltage by utilizing the obtained voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the ion kinetic energy and the velocity, so as to obtain the ion velocity and further obtain the velocity of the orbit neutral gas particles;

the ion source control circuit is used for controlling the open source ion source to emit constant vertical incidence type electrons;

the electrode voltage generator is used for generating various paths of voltages required by the operation of each component in the sensor, and providing the voltages for each component in the sensor to ensure the normal operation of the sensor;

and the power supply circuit is used for converting a primary power supply of the spacecraft into a secondary power supply and providing a power supply for normal operation for the detector.

4. The detector of claim 3, wherein the image processor is configured to draw a modulation energy map of ions at a current modulation voltage by using voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the obtained current modulation voltage according to the established functional relationship between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy, so as to obtain ion velocities, and further obtain the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles; the specific implementation process is as follows:

establishing a functional relation between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

5. A method for detecting in-situ velocity of an orbital neutral gas particle, the method being implemented based on the detector for in-situ velocity of an orbital neutral gas particle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:

the sensor carries out speed loss-free ionization on the neutral gas particles of the orbit to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages;

the signal processing circuit amplifies the voltage of each ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, and the obtained voltage signals are used for drawing to obtain a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit is obtained.

6. The detection method for in-situ measurement of the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles according to claim 5, wherein the sensor performs velocity loss-free ionization on the orbital neutral gas particles to obtain the number of ions passing through under different modulation voltages; the specific process comprises the following steps:

the open source ion source adopts vertical incidence type electron bombardment to ionize neutral gas particles on a rail without velocity loss, and meanwhile, the ionized ions are input into an energy analyzer along the original motion track by setting an electric field on the open source ion source;

the energy analyzer applies a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions, and emits the ions with the modulation voltage higher than the energy band to the detector;

the detector detects the ions emitted by the energy analyzer to obtain the number of ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

7. The method for detecting the in-situ measurement of the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit according to claim 5, wherein the signal processing circuit amplifies the voltage of each ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, and performs mapping based on the plurality of obtained voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy map of the ions under the current modulation voltage, so as to obtain the velocity of the ions, and further obtain the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit; the specific process comprises the following steps:

the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing manner, supplies the modulation voltages of different energy sections to the energy analyzer, and modulates the kinetic energy of ionized ions; specifically, when the modulation voltage is higher than the ion kinetic energy, the ions cannot pass through the energy analyzer; when the modulation voltage is lower than the kinetic energy of the ions, the ions can pass through the energy analyzer;

the weak signal amplifier amplifies the voltage of ions passing through the detector under the current modulation voltage and converts the amplified voltages into corresponding voltage signals;

and the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage by using the obtained voltage signals corresponding to the ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the kinetic energy and the velocity of the ions, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles is further obtained.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the image processor is configured to draw a modulation energy map of the ions at the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relationship between the ion kinetic energy and the modulation energy by using the obtained voltage signals corresponding to the ions passing through the current modulation voltage, so as to obtain the ion velocity and further obtain the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles; the specific implementation process is as follows:

in the image processor, a functional relation between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy is established:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of space detection equipment, and particularly relates to a detector and a detection method for in-situ measurement of orbital neutral gas particle velocity.

Background

The atmosphere of the earth thermal layer is an important component of a space environment, is influenced by factors such as solar activity, geomagnetic disturbance, longitude and latitude heights and the like, changes of the atmosphere of the thermal layer are severe, and related detection is carried out at home and abroad. Neutral gas particle elements in the orbital space have important significance for the research of coupling mechanisms of a magnetic layer and a thermal layer and an ionized layer and the thermal layer, and the speed of neutral gas particles is an important parameter of the neutral gas particle elements and has important influence on the composition of charged particles, the ionization probability of neutral gas and the distribution of the neutral gas.

The method for measuring the neutral gas particle velocity by the rocket is that a complex indicator is popped out from a wind measuring cabin, a ground radar tracks the complex indicator, and the neutral gas particle velocity is measured; but the measurement duration is short, the spatial distribution is small, and the hot layer gas velocity cannot be measured.

The incoherent scattering radar can only measure the neutral wind speed under the condition of steady atmosphere, the error at night can reach tens of meters per second, the incoherent scattering radar has high technical difficulty and can only measure at fixed points.

The doppler shift method can directly measure the particle velocity and measure from multiple directions to obtain the neutral particle velocity, but the measurement is limited to clear nights without moonlight, and the observation time is limited.

The spacecraft-mounted detector for measuring the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit can run on the orbit for a long time to detect and obtain the space-time distribution of the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the world.

Therefore, the invention provides a detector for measuring the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles, which consists of a sensor and an electronic circuit. The sensor consists of an open source ion source, an energy analyzer and a detector, wherein the open source ion source is used for ionizing neutral gas particles without velocity loss, the energy analyzer is used for measuring the kinetic energy of ionized ions, and the detector is used for detecting the ions after passing through the energy analyzer. After the sensor is matched with a corresponding circuit, a kinetic energy modulation graph on the detector is obtained, and the velocity of the orbit neutral gas particles is obtained through the kinetic energy modulation graph.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the detector for in-situ measurement of the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit, which can be used for measuring the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the global thermal layer, has long measurement period (years) and high space-time resolution, can obtain the space-time distribution change of the velocity of the neutral particles in the global thermal layer, and is used for researching the atmospheric change of the global thermal layer.

The detector for in-situ measurement of the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit comprises a sensor and a signal processing circuit which are connected with each other;

the sensor is used for ionizing the neutral gas particles in the orbit without velocity loss to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages;

the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out voltage amplification on the ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, drawing a graph based on the plurality of obtained voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy graph of ions under the current modulation voltage, and further obtaining the ion velocity and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the sensor includes: an open source ion source, an energy analyzer, and a detector;

the open source ion source is used for ionizing neutral gas particles in the orbit without velocity loss by adopting vertical incidence type electron bombardment, and meanwhile, the ionized ions are input into the energy analyzer along the original motion trail by arranging an electric field for the open source ion source;

the energy analyzer is used for applying a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions and emitting the ions higher than the modulation voltage of the energy band to the detector;

and the detector is used for detecting the ions emitted by the energy analyzer and obtaining the number of the ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the signal processing circuit includes: the device comprises a modulation voltage generator, an electrode voltage generator, an ion source control circuit, a weak signal amplifier, an image processor and a power supply circuit;

the modulation voltage generator is used for generating modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing manner, supplying the modulation voltages of the different energy sections to the energy analyzer and modulating the kinetic energy of the ionized ions;

the weak signal amplifier is used for carrying out voltage amplification on ions passing through under the current modulation voltage obtained in the detector and converting the ions into corresponding voltage signals;

the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of ions under the current modulation voltage by utilizing the obtained voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the ion kinetic energy and the velocity, so as to obtain the ion velocity and further obtain the velocity of the orbit neutral gas particles;

the ion source control circuit is used for controlling the open source ion source to emit constant vertical incidence type electrons;

the electrode voltage generator is used for generating various paths of voltages required by the normal work of all components in the sensor;

and the power supply circuit is used for converting a primary power supply of the spacecraft into a secondary power supply and providing a power supply for normal operation for the detector.

As one improvement of the above technical solution, the image processor is configured to draw a modulation energy map of ions under a current modulation voltage by using voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the obtained current modulation voltage according to an established functional relationship between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy, so as to obtain an ion velocity and further obtain an orbital neutral gas particle velocity; the specific implementation process is as follows:

establishing a functional relation between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

The invention also provides a detection method for in-situ measurement of the velocity of neutral gas particles in the orbit, which comprises the following steps:

the sensor carries out speed loss-free ionization on the neutral gas particles of the orbit to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages;

the signal processing circuit amplifies the voltage of each ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, and the obtained voltage signals are used for drawing to obtain a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit is obtained.

As one improvement of the technical scheme, the sensor performs speed loss-free ionization on the orbit neutral gas particles to obtain the number of ions passing through under different modulation voltages; the specific process comprises the following steps:

the open source ion source adopts vertical incidence type electron bombardment to ionize neutral gas particles on a rail without velocity loss, and meanwhile, the ionized ions are input into an energy analyzer along the original motion track by setting an electric field on the open source ion source;

the energy analyzer applies a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions, and emits the ions with the modulation voltage higher than the energy band to the detector;

the detector detects the ions emitted by the energy analyzer to obtain the number of ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

As one improvement of the above technical solution, the signal processing circuit performs voltage amplification on each ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, and performs drawing based on the obtained plurality of voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy diagram of ions under the current modulation voltage, thereby obtaining an ion velocity and further obtaining an orbital neutral gas particle velocity; the specific process comprises the following steps:

the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing manner, supplies the modulation voltages of different energy sections to the energy analyzer, and modulates the kinetic energy of ionized ions;

the weak signal amplifier amplifies the voltage of ions passing through the detector under the current modulation voltage and converts the amplified voltages into corresponding voltage signals;

and the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage by using the obtained voltage signals corresponding to the ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the kinetic energy and the velocity of the ions, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles is further obtained.

As one improvement of the above technical solution, the image processor draws a modulation energy map of ions under the current modulation voltage by using the obtained voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relationship between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy, so as to obtain ion velocity and further obtain the velocity of orbital neutral gas particles; the specific implementation process is as follows:

in the image processor, a functional relation between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy is established:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the detector of the invention adopts an open source ion source, and can realize the ionization of neutral gas particles without speed loss; the scanning energy analyzer is adopted to realize the measurement of wide ion speed; the adopted sensor has small volume and low power consumption, and can realize the in-situ detection of the neutral gas particle speed only by integrating three modules and a signal processing circuit; the acquisition of the orbital neutral gas particle velocity is performed by an image processor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a probe for in-situ measurement of orbital neutral gas particle velocity according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a detector for in-situ measurement of velocity of orbital neutral gas particles, comprising a sensor and a signal processing circuit connected to each other;

the sensor is used for ionizing neutral gas particles in the orbit to obtain the ion quantity under different modulation voltages;

specifically, the sensor includes: an open source ion source, an energy analyzer, and a detector;

the open source ion source is used for ionizing neutral gas particles in a rail without speed loss by adopting vertical incidence type electron bombardment, and meanwhile, an electric field is added to the open source ion source, so that the electric potential in an ionization region can be ensured to be always kept at the ground potential, namely zero potential, through reasonable setting of the electric field, the original motion trajectory of ions can not be influenced, the speed and the direction of the ions in the electric field can be kept at the original state, and the ionized ions are input into an energy analyzer;

the energy analyzer is used for applying a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions and emitting the ions higher than the modulation voltage of the energy band to the detector;

specifically, when the modulation voltage is higher than the ion kinetic energy, the ions cannot pass through the energy analyzer; when the modulation voltage is lower than the kinetic energy of the ions, the ions can pass through the energy analyzer;

and the detector is used for detecting the ions emitted by the energy analyzer and obtaining the number of the ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

The signal processing circuit is used for carrying out voltage amplification on the ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, drawing a graph based on the plurality of obtained voltage signals to obtain a modulation energy graph of ions under the current modulation voltage, and further obtaining the ion velocity and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit.

Specifically, the signal processing circuit includes: the device comprises a modulation voltage generator, an electrode voltage generator, an ion source control circuit, a weak signal amplifier, an image processor and a power supply circuit;

the modulation voltage generator is used for generating modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing manner, supplying the modulation voltages of the different energy sections to the energy analyzer and modulating the kinetic energy of the ionized ions; specifically, when the modulation voltage is higher than the ion kinetic energy, the ions cannot pass through the energy analyzer; when the modulation voltage is lower than the kinetic energy of the ions, the ions can pass through the energy analyzer;

the weak signal amplifier is used for carrying out voltage amplification on ions passing through under the current modulation voltage obtained in the detector and converting the ions into corresponding voltage signals;

the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of ions under the current modulation voltage by utilizing the obtained voltage signals corresponding to a plurality of ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the ion kinetic energy and the velocity, so as to obtain the ion velocity and further obtain the velocity of the orbit neutral gas particles;

specifically, a functional relationship between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy is established:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

The ion source control circuit is used for controlling the open source ion source to emit constant vertical incidence type electrons;

the electrode voltage generator is used for generating various paths of voltages required by the operation of each component in the sensor, and providing the voltages for each component in the sensor to ensure the normal operation of the sensor;

and the power supply circuit is used for converting a primary power supply of the spacecraft into a secondary power supply and providing a power supply for normal operation for the detector.

The invention also provides a detection method for in-situ measurement of the velocity of neutral gas particles in the orbit, which comprises the following steps:

the sensor carries out speed loss-free ionization on the neutral gas particles of the orbit to obtain the number of ions passing under different modulation voltages;

specifically, the open source ion source adopts vertical incidence type electron bombardment to ionize orbital neutral gas particles without speed loss, and meanwhile, the open source ion source is provided with an electric field to input ionized ions into an energy analyzer along the original motion trail;

the energy analyzer applies a modulation voltage corresponding to the energy band according to the measured kinetic energy of the ionized ions, and emits the ions with the modulation voltage higher than the energy band to the detector;

the detector detects the ions emitted by the energy analyzer to obtain the number of ions passing through under different modulation voltages.

The signal processing circuit amplifies the voltage of each ion signal under the current modulation voltage to obtain a plurality of corresponding voltage signals, and the obtained voltage signals are used for drawing to obtain a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the neutral gas particles in the orbit is obtained.

Specifically, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy bands in a time-sharing manner, supplies the modulation voltages of the different energy bands to the energy analyzer, and modulates the kinetic energy of ionized ions; specifically, when the modulation voltage is higher than the ion kinetic energy, the ions cannot pass through the energy analyzer; when the modulation voltage is lower than the kinetic energy of the ions, the ions can pass through the energy analyzer;

the weak signal amplifier amplifies the voltage of ions passing through the detector under the current modulation voltage and converts the amplified voltages into corresponding voltage signals;

and the image processor is used for drawing a modulation energy diagram of the ions under the current modulation voltage by using the obtained voltage signals corresponding to the ions passing under the current modulation voltage according to the established functional relation between the kinetic energy and the velocity of the ions, so that the ion velocity is obtained, and the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles is further obtained.

Specifically, a functional relationship between ion kinetic energy and modulation energy is established:

wherein e is the ionic charge amount; u is the electric field voltage generated by the modulation voltage generator; m is the mass of the ion; v is the velocity of the ion;

according to the formula, in the energy analyzer, the corresponding kinetic energy is calculated according to the speed of each ion, the modulation voltage generator generates modulation voltages of different energy sections in a time-sharing mode according to the kinetic energy of each ion, and a scanning image corresponding to the ion kinetic energy under the current modulation voltage is drawn according to the ion kinetic energy corresponding to a plurality of ions passing through the energy sections under the current modulation voltage by gradually changing the modulation voltages under the different energy sections, and is used as a modulation energy graph of the ions under the current modulation voltage;

inverting the speed of the ions under the current modulation voltage according to the current modulation voltage, the electric charge quantity of the ions and the ion species;

based on the velocity-loss-free ionization of the orbital neutral gas particles, the velocity of the ions at the current modulation voltage is equal to the velocity of the orbital neutral gas particles.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.