阅读说明：本技术 一种在埋土防寒区葡萄行间种植草本植物的方法及其应用 (Method for planting herbaceous plants among grape rows in soil-buried cold-proof area and application of herbaceous plants ) 是由 李晓娜 赵春桥 王超 张微微 李翠 于 2020-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及葡萄种植领域,尤其涉及一种在埋土防寒区葡萄行间种植草本植物的方法及其应用。所述方法包括：混合种植耐寒植物和开花植物,所述耐寒植物为黑麦草和/或小叶型白三叶,所述开花植物为蒲公英和/或五彩石竹。本发明通过在葡萄行间混合种植黑麦草和/或小叶型白三叶,以及蒲公英和/或五彩石竹有效增加生物多样性、提高土壤质量和结构稳定性,并且一次种植可以多年使用,无需后续管护。本发明的葡萄行间种植草本植物的方法和传统清耕裸地以及种植作物(大豆)相比,可以显著降低表层土壤容重,增加表层土壤最大持水量和田间持水量47％左右,同时降低近地表风速、土壤风蚀量、输沙通量以及显著提高微生物的多样性。(The invention relates to the field of grape planting, in particular to a method for planting herbaceous plants among grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area and application of the herbaceous plants. The method comprises the following steps: planting a cold-resistant plant and a flowering plant in a mixed manner, wherein the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, and the flowering plant is dandelion and/or carnation. According to the method, ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, dandelion and/or colored pink are planted among grape lines in a mixed mode, so that the biological diversity is effectively increased, the soil quality and the structural stability are improved, and the method can be used for many years after being planted once without subsequent management and protection. Compared with the traditional method for planting herbaceous plants in bare land and planting crops (soybeans), the method for planting herbaceous plants in grape lines can obviously reduce the volume weight of surface soil, increase the maximum water holding capacity of the surface soil and the field water holding capacity by about 47%, and simultaneously reduce the near-surface wind speed, the soil wind erosion amount, the sand transportation flux and obviously improve the diversity of microorganisms.)

1. A method for planting herbaceous plants among grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

planting a cold-resistant plant and a flowering plant in a mixed manner, wherein the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, and the flowering plant is dandelion and/or carnation.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and the flowering plant is dandelion and carnation, the ratio of ryegrass to dandelion and carnation seed is 40-50: 1: 1; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

when the cold-resistant plant is lobular trilobate and the flowering plant is dandelion and pleioblastus chinensis, the proportion of the lobular trilobate to the dandelion to the pleioblastus chinensis is 10-15: 1: 1.

3. the method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed planting is carried out by drill seeding, the row spacing of the seeding is 25-35 cm, and the depth of the seeding is 3-5 cm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hardy and flowering plant growing areas are at a distance of 1m from the root of the grape.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising applying fertilizer to prepare soil before the mixed planting, wherein the fertilizer is organic fertilizer and is used in an amount of 12-18 t/ha, the fertilizer is applied by spreading on the ground surface firstly and then performing rotary tillage to prepare soil, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-25 cm.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising, after the mixed planting of the hardy plants and the flowering plants, a planting management of: and (4) removing weeds until the cold-resistant plants and the flowering plants completely cover the ground surface.

7. A combination of herbaceous plants for interline planting of grapes, comprising:

the plant comprises a cold-resistant plant and a flowering plant, wherein the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, and the flowering plant is dandelion and/or carnation.

8. The herbal combination of claim 7, wherein when the hardy plant is ryegrass and the flowering plant is dandelion and carnation, the ratio of ryegrass to dandelion and carnation seed is 40-50: 1: 1; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

when the cold-resistant plant is lobular trilobate and the flower plant is dandelion and pleioblastus chinensis, the proportion of the lobular trilobate to the dandelion and the pleioblastus chinensis is 10-15: 1: 1.

9. use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the combination of herbs of claim 7 or 8 for improving the ecological environment of a vineyard in a buried cold-proof area.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of grape planting, in particular to a method for planting herbaceous plants among grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area and application of the herbaceous plants.

Background

The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is woody vine of Vitis of Vitaceae, has cylindrical small branch, longitudinal rib, no hair or sparse soft hair, oval leaf, dense or sparse panicle, developed branch at base, and spherical or elliptical fruit.

At present, in a northern grape planting area, the rainfall in two seasons of winter and spring is less, the climate is cold and dry, and grape branches are easy to be drained to death, so that grape farmers adopt a mode of lower frame and deep burying of the grape branches to protect the grapes from wintering. The grape is laid down and deeply buried in winter, the surface of the grape in the whole winter is in a loose and exposed state, the soil of the vineyard in the area is fully affected by wind erosion in frequent windy weather, the soil is seriously desertified, the soil fertilizer and water retention capacity is reduced year by year, the ecological environment is deteriorated, and the development of the local grape industry is severely restricted. Meanwhile, as the grapes need to be pruned and sprayed with the boldo liquid for many times in the growth process, grape lines are generally kept in an exposed state for convenient operation, and weed among the grape lines is removed by adopting a herbicide. However, the use of herbicides leads to a decrease in the biodiversity of the vineyard, and the use of bordeaux mixture leads to an increase in the soil pH and the available copper content, resulting in a decrease in soil quality.

The grass mulching can effectively improve the ecological environment of the orchard, increase the biological diversity, and improve the soil quality and the structural stability, and the grass mulching is researched in many orchards such as a pear orchard, an apple orchard, a jujube orchard, an orange orchard and the like, and is well popularized and applied. However, the shading degree of the mature grapes taking the trellis as the main frame is higher between rows in the growing season, the grass seeds need to have strong shading characteristics, the grass seeds need to have the trampling resistance characteristic for the frequent pruning and other agricultural operations of the vineyard, meanwhile, the inter-row grass seeds of the grapes in the area affected by the weather also need to have the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, high coverage and the like, and the popularization of the inter-row grass technology in the vineyard in the soil-burying and cold-proof area in the north is blocked due to the limitation of various conditions.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to at least solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting herbaceous plants among grape lines and application thereof.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for planting herbaceous plants among grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area, comprising:

planting a cold-resistant plant and a flowering plant in a mixed manner, wherein the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, and the flowering plant is dandelion and/or carnation.

Because of strong wind and strong wind in winter and spring in northern areas and multiple pruning in the growing process of grapes, the inter-row grass seeds of the grapes need to have the characteristics of early green turning, low plant height, high coverage, trampling resistance, shade resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance. The method adopts the planting form of ryegrass or lobular trifoliate composite flowering plants of dandelion and dianthus chinensis, and firstly, the selected grass has the characteristics of good drought resistance, cold resistance, trampling resistance and the like; secondly, the soil structure can be improved, the soil quality can be improved, and the wind erosion of the earth surface soil can be prevented; thirdly, the number of the natural enemy step A insects of the pests can be effectively increased; fourthly, weeds can be effectively controlled, and labor cost for weeding is saved; and fifthly, the landscape effect of the vineyard is improved.

Meanwhile, the plant can be used for many years after being planted once, subsequent management and protection are not needed, and the cost is saved to a great extent.

Further, when the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and the flowering plant is dandelion and carnation, the ratio of the ryegrass to the dandelion and the carnation is 40-50: 1: 1;

when the cold-resistant plant is lobular trilobate and the flower plant is dandelion and pleioblastus chinensis, the proportion of the lobular trilobate to the dandelion and the pleioblastus chinensis is 10-15: 1: 1.

according to the invention, a small amount of flowering plants are mixed and planted on the basis of the ryegrass or the small-leaf white clover, so that the number of pollination insects can be effectively increased, the biological diversity of the vineyard is improved, the problem of reduction of the microbial diversity of soil caused by single planting is solved, the soil structure is further improved, and the field water holding capacity of the soil is improved.

Further, mixed planting is carried out in a drilling mode, the seeding row spacing is 25-35 cm, and the seeding depth is 3-5 cm.

Further, the planting area of the hardy plants and the flowering plants is 1m away from the root of the grape. The grapes are usually required to be buried in soil for cold protection when overwintering, namely, grape vines are laid down and buried in the soil deeply, and the process of deep burying is repeated every year, so that in the process of planting the grapes in the soil-buried cold-proof area, clear ploughing can be selected in the prior art, and grass planting in rows is not carried out. The invention plants herbaceous plants at a distance of 1m from the roots of the grapes, and the method aims to prevent the herbaceous plants from being damaged when the grapes are laid down and buried deeply in winter, and keep strip-shaped coverage on the ground surface in winter; and secondly, the nutrition competition between the herbaceous plants and the grape growth is reduced.

Further, still including the fertilization soil preparation before the mixed planting, the fertilizer chooses for use the fertilizer, and the quantity is 12 ~ 18t ha, spreads earlier when fertilizing and spills the earth's surface, carries out the rotary tillage soil preparation afterwards, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 cm. According to the herbaceous plant variety selected by the invention, the fertilizer is applied only once before sowing or seedling planting, and the fertilizer application management is not needed in the later period.

Further, after the mixed planting of the hardy plants and the flowering plants, the method also comprises planting management, wherein the planting management comprises the following steps: and (4) removing weeds until the cold-resistant plants and the flowering plants completely cover the ground surface.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combination of herbs for inter-row planting of grapes, comprising:

the plant comprises a cold-resistant plant and a flowering plant, wherein the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and/or small-leaf white clover, and the flowering plant is dandelion and/or carnation.

Further, when the cold-resistant plant is ryegrass and the flowering plant is dandelion and carnation, the ratio of the ryegrass to the dandelion and the carnation is 40-50: 1: 1; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

when the cold-resistant plant is lobular trilobate and the flower plant is dandelion and pleioblastus chinensis, the proportion of the lobular trilobate to the dandelion and the pleioblastus chinensis is 10-15: 1: 1.

the invention further provides application of the method or the herbaceous plant combination in improvement of ecological environment of a vineyard in a buried cold-proof area.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method can effectively improve the soil structure, improve the soil quality and prevent the soil on the ground from being eroded by wind through mixed planting of the ryegrass and/or the small-leaf white clover and the dandelion and/or the pleioblastus chinensis; the number of the natural enemy step A insects of the pests is effectively increased; weeds are effectively controlled, and labor cost for weeding is saved; and the plant can be used for many years after being planted once without subsequent management and protection.

Compared with the traditional method for planting herbaceous plants in bare land and crop plants (soybean) by clearing and plowing, the method for planting herbaceous plants in grape lines can obviously reduce the volume weight of surface soil, increase the maximum water holding capacity and field water holding capacity of the surface soil, reduce the wind erosion amount of the surface soil, increase the number of step A insects, effectively control weeds and improve the diversity of microorganisms.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a picture of perennial ryegrass, dandelion and carnation planted among rows of grown grapes in a soil-buried cold-proof area according to example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a picture obtained by planting lobular trilobate, dandelion and multicolored pink between rows of grown grapes in a soil-buried cold-proof area according to embodiment 1 of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a picture of planting soybeans between mature grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area according to example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 shows the exposed surface of a conventional clean-ploughing vineyard in winter in a growing grape planting area in a buried cold-proof area provided by embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for planting herbaceous plants among mature grape rows in a soil-buried cold-proof area, which comprises the following specific processes:

1. the implementation place is as follows: job-le garden in Huai-Lai county of Hebei province

2. Vineyard characteristics: grape variety: longan; the age of the tree: 10 years; area: 30 mu m

3. Grass seeds are grown between rows: ryegrass, dandelion, carnation, trilobate, dandelion and carnation.

4. Planting grass among rows:

an experimental group and a control group are arranged, the experimental group is the grape interline grass growing method, and the flow is as follows:

(1) in the first to last ten days of 4 months, after the grapes are unearthed and put on the shelf, organic fertilizer is scattered among the grape rows, the organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung, the fertilizing amount is 15t/ha, and then rotary tillage and leveling are carried out.

(2) Sowing: the combined planting mode of the ryegrass, the dandelion, the multicolored pink grass flower and the small-leaf white clover, the dandelion and the multicolored pink grass flower is seeding. The proportion of the ryegrass, dandelion and the five-color pink grass flower combined seeds is 45: 1:1, the seeding amount is 20 kg/mu, and the ratio of the small-leaf type trifoliate repens, dandelion and the multicolored pink grass flower combined seeds is 12: 1:1, the seeding rate is 6.28 kg/mu. Planting in a drilling mode, wherein the seeding row spacing is 30cm, the seeding depth is 3-5cm, and slightly pressing is carried out after seeding. After sowing, a micro-spraying system is erected for sprinkling irrigation, and surface soil is kept moist until emergence of seedlings.

(3) Management in the initial stage of planting: in the seedling stage of ryegrass and white clover, the malignant weeds such as humulus scandens, chenopodium quinoa, amaranthus retroflexus and the like need to be cleared in time, and the ground surface is completely covered without any management and maintenance.

(4) Setting comparison: the control group 1 was a clear-ploughed bare land; control 2 was soybean-grown and control 3 was hardy-grown only, but the total seeding amount was comparable to hardy + flowering plants.

Fig. 1 shows the environment conditions of a vineyard after the combined growth of ryegrass, dandelion and five-color pink grass flowers, fig. 2 shows the environment conditions of a vineyard after the combined growth of lobular white clover, dandelion and five-color pink grass flowers, fig. 3 shows the environment conditions of a vineyard after the growth of soybeans, and fig. 4 shows the exposed surface conditions of a traditional clean-tillage vineyard in winter.

5. Effect verification of grape interline grass planting

(1) After 3 years of grass planting, detecting the volume weight, the maximum water capacity and the field water capacity of the soil by adopting a ring cutter method, and detecting the content of aggregate in the soil by adopting a wet sieve method to obtain the following results:

TABLE 1 comparison of the improving effects of inter-row grapevine grassy soil

Compared with the traditional bare land for clear ploughing, the unit weight of the surface soil of the combination of ryegrass and flowering plants planted among grape rows and the combination of trifolium repens and flowering plants is reduced by 8.28-15.86%; the maximum water holding capacity is increased by 21.71-42.24%; the field water capacity is increased by 19.84-33.08%; the content of big aggregates with the diameter of more than 0.25mm is increased by 26.83 to 44.81 percent. Compared with the planted crops (soybeans), the unit weight of the surface soil of the combination of ryegrass and flowering plants planted among grape rows and the combination of trifolium repens and flowering plants is reduced by 9.52-17.00%; the maximum water holding capacity is increased by 26.728-47.58%; the field water capacity is increased by 31.03-45.51%; the content of big aggregates with the diameter of more than 0.25mm is increased by 30.05 to 48.49 percent. The soil surface layer soil structure and stability are effectively improved.

(2) After 3 years of grass planting, detecting the wind erosion condition of soil on the surface of the grape garden by a wind erosion disc method, and obtaining the following effects:

TABLE 2 wind erosion comparison of grass-growing surface soil between grape lines

Compared with the traditional bare land for clearing and ploughing, the surface soil of the grass growing area between the grape rows does not generate wind erosion, and simultaneously can generate an interception effect on wind erosion matters to deposit the wind erosion matters.

(3) After 3 years of grass growing planting, species and quantity of insects of the class A of vineyard are detected by a trap method, and the following effects are obtained:

TABLE 3 comparison of the total number of species of Mesorethra viticola

Compared with the traditional bare land for clear ploughing, the total number of the herbal plant mixed planting step A insect species is remarkably increased by 105-467%. Compared with single planting, the total number of species of the herbal plant mixed planting step A insects is increased, and the increase range is 25.4% -58.8%.

(4) After 3 years of herbaceous plant planting, the diversity of microorganisms in soil of a vineyard is detected by a 16S high-throughput sequencing method, and the following effects are obtained:

TABLE 4 comparison of microbial richness of interline grasses of grapes

Compared with the traditional bare land for clear ploughing, the number of fungal species in the soil is increased after the mixed planting of the herbaceous plants, and the fungal biodiversity index has no obvious difference; however, after a single herbaceous plant is planted, the number of fungal species in the soil and the biodiversity index are reduced compared with those of the traditional bare land with clear ploughing.

Compared with the traditional bare land for clear ploughing, the number of bacterial species in the soil and the biodiversity index of the herbaceous plant after mixed planting have no obvious difference, and the biodiversity index of the herbaceous plant after planting is reduced to some extent.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.