阅读说明：本技术 一种变倍调节螺母的加工方法 (Processing method of zoom adjusting nut ) 是由 程江涛 郑磊 于 2020-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种变倍调节螺母的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的螺母的加工利用数控车床进行外圆车削、钻孔,镗孔,冲齿加工,冲齿加工分为粗加工和精加工两大工序。本发明操作简单、加工效率高、产品精度高。(The processing method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut is characterized in that the nut is processed by using a numerical control lathe to perform external circle turning, drilling, boring and tooth punching, and the tooth punching is divided into two working procedures of rough processing and finish processing. The invention has simple operation, high processing efficiency and high product precision.)

1. The processing method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) machining two ends of a workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, firstly turning the shape, then drilling a rough hole by using a 120-degree drill bit, then finely machining an inner hole in place by using a flat-bottomed drill and a boring cutter, and machining a tool withdrawal groove part by using a groove cutter;

2) clamping the outer diameter of the workpiece in the step 1) by using an elastic chuck, installing a cutter corresponding to the tooth shape of the internal teeth on a cutter holder, forming a required tooth shape on the inner wall of the workpiece by using the feeding motion of a Z shaft of a lathe, retreating the cutter after one tooth is processed, rotating the workpiece to the next processing position by using the indexing function of a main shaft, and processing the next tooth until the rough processing of all the internal teeth is finished;

3) finish machining the internal teeth machined in the step 2) by using a blade on the opposite side of the cutter during rough machining;

4) finely boring the inner hole of the workpiece in the step 3), machining an internal thread by using a tooth cutter, ensuring that the fit clearance with the threads of other parts is less than or equal to 0.02 mm, and then machining an external thread.

2. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the rotation speed of a drill bit for drilling a rough hole main shaft is 2000-3500 rpm, the feed amount is 0.04-0.08 mm/r, 2000-3500 rpm is used for broaching the hole of the flat-bottom drill, and the feed amount is 0.04-0.1 mm/r.

3. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the turning process of the step 1), the front angle of the tool grain is 5-10 degrees, the rear angle is 5-10 degrees, the main deflection angle is 10-15 degrees, and the auxiliary deflection angle is 8-15 degrees.

4. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the turning process of the step 1), the feeding amount of a cutter during rough turning is 0.15-0.3 mm/r, the cutting depth is 0.2-0.35 mm, and the rotating speed of a main shaft is 2500-3500 rpm.

5. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding amount of the cutter during finish turning in the step 1) is 0.04-0.08 mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 2500-3500 rpm.

6. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tool for turning the excircle is a hard alloy tool grain with a coating, the radius of the tool tip of the rough machining tool is 0.4mm, and the radius of the tool tip of the finish machining tool is 0.2 mm.

7. The machining method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the turning process in the step 1), cooling by adopting an emulsion cutting fluid.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a machining method of a variable-magnification adjusting nut.

Background

The inner teeth are an indispensable design structure when the distance and the distance are adjusted and the zoom is carried out on military parts, a slotting machine is generally adopted for processing in conventional processing, but the slotting machine is used as a high-speed slotting machine tool, the positioning precision and the processing precision of the machine tool are low, particularly after long-time processing, the internal clearance is larger and larger, the distribution precision of the processed tooth form and the processed tooth is difficult to guarantee, and the interchangeability of the produced products is poor. Therefore, there is a need to develop an alternative solution that can not only ensure the product quality, but also meet the requirements of production efficiency and cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides the processing method of the zoom adjusting nut, which is simple to operate, high in processing efficiency and high in product precision.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: the processing method of the variable-magnification adjusting nut is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) machining two ends of a workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, firstly turning the shape, then drilling a rough hole by using a 120-degree drill bit, then finely machining an inner hole in place by using a flat-bottomed drill and a boring cutter, and machining a tool withdrawal groove part by using a groove cutter;

2) clamping the outer diameter of the workpiece in the step 1) by using an elastic chuck, installing a cutter corresponding to the tooth shape of the internal teeth on a cutter holder, forming a required tooth shape on the inner wall of the workpiece by using the feeding motion of a Z shaft of a lathe, retreating the cutter after one tooth is processed, rotating the workpiece to the next processing position by using the indexing function of a main shaft, and processing the next tooth until the rough processing of all the internal teeth is finished;

3) finish machining the internal teeth machined in the step 2) by using a blade on the opposite side of the cutter during rough machining;

4) finely boring the inner hole of the workpiece in the step 3), machining an internal thread by using a tooth cutter, ensuring that the fit clearance with the threads of other parts is less than or equal to 0.02 mm, and then machining an external thread.

In the step 1), the rotation speed of a drill bit for drilling a rough hole main shaft is 2000-3500 rpm, the feed amount is 0.04-0.08 mm/r, 2000-3500 rpm is used for broaching the hole of the flat-bottom drill, and the feed amount is 0.04-0.1 mm/r.

In the turning process of the step 1), the front angle of the tool grain is 5-10 degrees, the rear angle is 5-10 degrees, the main deflection angle is 10-15 degrees, and the auxiliary deflection angle is 8-15 degrees.

In the turning process in the step 1), the feeding amount of the tool during rough turning is 0.15-0.3 mm/r, the cutting depth is 0.2-0.35 mm, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 2500-3500 rpm.

In the turning process in the step 1), the feeding amount of the cutter during finish turning is 0.04-0.08 mm/r, the rotating speed of the main shaft is 2500-3500 rpm, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 2500-3500 rpm.

The tool for turning the excircle is a hard alloy tool grain with a coating, the radius of the tool tip of the rough machining tool is 0.4mm, and the radius of the tool tip of the finish machining tool is 0.2 mm.

And in the turning process in the step 1), cooling by adopting an emulsion cutting fluid. .

According to the invention, the lathe is used for replacing the slotting machine to process the internal teeth of the nut, so that the processing field of the lathe is improved, a new idea is provided for similar nut processing, and the nut processed by the lathe has higher precision, the surface roughness is Ra 0.8-1.6, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved; by using the process, after one end of the cutter is completely worn, the other end can be used for operation, the utilization rate of the cutter is high, and the cost is low.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a variable magnification adjusting nut according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tool and a workpiece in rough machining according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tool and a workpiece in finish machining according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tool of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A processing method of a variable-magnification adjusting nut comprises the following steps:

1) utilizing a numerical control lathe to process two ends of a workpiece, firstly turning the shape, wherein a cutter for turning an excircle is a hard alloy cutter grain with a coating, in the turning process, the front angle and the rear angle of the cutter grain are 8 degrees, the main deflection angle is 15 degrees and the auxiliary deflection angle is 10 degrees, the feeding amount in rough turning is 0.25mm/r, the cutting depth is 0.2mm, and the rotating speed of a main shaft is 2500 rpm; when finish turning is carried out, the feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 3000rpm, emulsified cutting fluid is adopted for cooling, then a 120-degree drill bit is used for drilling a rough hole, the rotating speed of the main shaft for drilling the rough hole is 3000rpm, the feeding amount is 0.06mm/r, a flat-bottom drill and a boring cutter are used for carrying out finish machining on an inner hole in place, when the flat-bottom drill is used for reaming, the feeding amount is 3500rpm, the feeding amount is 0.08mm/r, a tool withdrawal groove part is machined by the groove cutter after machining is finished, and the tool withdrawal groove;

2) clamping the outer diameter of the workpiece in the step 1) by using an elastic chuck, installing a cutter corresponding to the tooth shape of the internal teeth on a cutter holder, wherein the sectional view of the cutter is shown in fig. 4, each end of two ends of the cutter is provided with 4 blades, the radius of the cutter point of the cutter is 0.4mm, the required tooth shape is formed on the inner wall of the workpiece by using the feeding motion of the Z axis of a lathe, the number of the internal teeth of the nut in fig. 2 is 90, after one tooth is processed, the cutter retreats, the workpiece is rotated by 4 degrees by using the indexing function of a main shaft, and the processing operation of the next tooth is carried out until the rough processing of all;

3) finish machining the internal teeth machined in the step 2) by utilizing the edge on the opposite side of the cutter during rough machining, wherein the radius of the tool point of a finish machining cutter is 0.2mm, and the specific machining scene is shown in FIG. 3;

4) finely boring the inner hole of the workpiece in the step 3), machining an internal thread by using a tooth cutter, ensuring that the fit clearance with the threads of other parts is less than or equal to 0.02 mm, and then machining an external thread. The nut structure after finishing processing is shown in figure 1.