阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于液态燃料的添加剂 (Additive suitable for liquid fuel ) 是由 王趁义 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种适用于液态燃料的添加剂,该添加剂由100重量份的高级脂肪单醇及1-100重量份的含碳数量为20-40的酯化合物组成。本发明的添加剂可节省燃油消耗6-12%、提高发动机功率3-6%、提高柴油十六烷值2-3、降低一氧化碳排放30-50%、降低二氧化碳排放6-12%、降低碳氢排放30-50%、降低氮氧化物10-20%、降低PM颗粒物及烟度排放50-75%。(The invention relates to an additive suitable for liquid fuel, which consists of 100 parts by weight of higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1-100 parts by weight of ester compound containing 20-40 carbon atoms. The additive can save fuel consumption by 6-12%, improve the power of an engine by 3-6%, improve the cetane number of diesel oil by 2-3, reduce the emission of carbon monoxide by 30-50%, reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by 6-12%, reduce the emission of hydrocarbon by 30-50%, reduce nitrogen oxides by 10-20% and reduce PM particles and smoke emission by 50-75%.)

1. An additive for liquid fuel, characterized in that the additive is composed of 100 parts by weight of higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1-100 parts by weight of an ester compound having a carbon content of 20-40,

the higher fatty monoalcohol is selected from one or more of n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-nonanol, n-decanol, tridecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, hardened rapeseed oleyl alcohol, jojoba alcohol, batyl alcohol, 2-decyltetradecyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, cholesterol, phytosterol, hexyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, erucyl alcohol, and ricinoleyl alcohol.

2. An additive suitable for use in a liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein said additive further comprises 5 to 30 parts by weight of a polyol.

3. The additive for liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the higher aliphatic mono-alcohol to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2.

4. An additive suitable for liquid fuels according to claim 1, wherein said ester compound containing carbon in an amount of 20 to 40 is selected from tridecyl myristate, octyl myristate, cetyl myristate, isostearyl behenate, glyceryl behenate, stearyl behenate, behenyl behenate, lanolin alcohol isostearate, lanolin alcohol behenate, cholesterol behenate, phytosterol behenate, hexyldodecanol behenate, isostearyl behenate, octyldodecanol behenate, isooctyldodecanol behenate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl isooctanoate, isohexadecyl octanoate, stearyl isooctanoate, isostearyl octanoate, tridecyl octanoate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl octanoate, cetyl octanoate, isocaprylic acid, tridecyl isostearyl octanoate, cetostearyl octanoate, tridecyl octanoate, one or more of isobehenyl palmitate, tetradecyl myristate, tetradecyl palmitate, decyl palmitate, and isodecyl palmitate.

5. A method of preparing an additive suitable for use in liquid fuels, comprising the steps of:

mixing 100 parts by weight of higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1-100 parts by weight of ester compound containing 20-40 carbon atoms, reacting in a sealed container at 60-80 ℃ for 1-5 hours in the presence of a dehydrating agent, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for liquid fuel.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an additive suitable for liquid fuels.

Background

With the continuous development of economy and the growth of population in China, the demand on petroleum resources is increasingly accelerated. But the petroleum resource crisis and the environmental pollution in the world are increasingly serious nowadays, and energy conservation and emission reduction become important subjects worldwide. Internal combustion engines powered by petroleum based fuels are currently facing significant challenges from conserving energy and meeting increasingly stringent emission requirements. In order to improve the quality and the combustion performance of the fuel oil and achieve the final purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction, the fuel oil is added with the energy-saving additive to play a role in catalyzing and supporting combustion, accelerate the combustion speed, enable the fuel oil to be completely released as far as possible, improve the utilization rate of the fuel oil, further reduce the oil consumption and reduce the emission of pollutants. The use of additives without changing the engine structure or adding other equipment devices is considered to be an optimal method for reducing emissions and improving economy.

In addition, gasoline has very strong volatility, fuel evaporation emissions exist in gasoline vehicle pollutants, and Hydrocarbon (HC) is a component of the gasoline vehicle pollutants, so that the gasoline vehicle pollutants have a pungent smell, carbon deposition is easily generated at parts such as an oil nozzle, oil injection is not smooth, the atomization quality of fuel oil is reduced, the fuel oil is difficult to completely combust after entering a combustion chamber, the engine is difficult to start, the idling is unstable, the oil consumption is increased, the exhaust emission is deteriorated, and the gasoline vehicle pollutants are particularly obvious in a low-temperature environment. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an additive which has low fuel consumption, reduces pollution of exhaust emissions, and promotes sufficient fuel combustion.

At present, novel combustion-supporting and energy-saving additives are researched in various countries in the world, and various energy-saving combustion-supporting products are researched, wherein the functions and the effects are different due to different types and components, but the general aim is to promote the complete combustion of fuels. Depending on the products of the catalytic combustion of the additive, it is generally divided into two categories: the additive is ash-containing additive containing metal or solid non-metal oxide, and the additive is ash-free additive containing pure organic matter. The ash type combustion improver can be divided into the following categories according to the metal characteristics: alkali metal salts (inorganic salts, organic salts) alkaline earth metal salts (inorganic salts, organic salts), oxides; transition metal salts, oxides; rare earth metal salts, oxides; noble metals and their organic complexes; the ashless energy-saving combustion improver contains no metal, and mainly comprises single organic matters or multifunctional composite organic matters substituted by oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, ether bonds, ester bonds and other functional groups, such as aromatic, aliphatic, polymers and the like. The two additives have respective advantages, wherein the ashless energy-saving combustion improver has the greatest characteristic that no ash is generated after combustion and no secondary pollution problem exists, but the combustion-supporting effect of the ashless energy-saving combustion improver is not good if the ashless combustion improver is used, but the ashless combustion improver is good in effect, but the ashless combustion improver is easy to generate ash and easily causes secondary pollution. Therefore, at present, there is a need to develop a safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly additive which not only has a high-efficiency combustion-supporting effect, but also does not easily produce secondary pollution.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides an additive for liquid fuels, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1 to 100 parts by weight of an ester compound having a carbon content of 20 to 40.

The higher fatty monoalcohol is selected from one or more of n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-nonanol, n-decanol, tridecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, hardened rapeseed oleyl alcohol, jojoba alcohol, batyl alcohol, 2-decyltetradecyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, cholesterol, phytosterol, hexyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, erucyl alcohol, and ricinoleyl alcohol.

The additive also comprises 5-30 parts by weight of polyol.

The mass ratio of the higher fatty mono-alcohol to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2.

The ester compound containing carbon in an amount of 20-40 is selected from tridecyl myristate, octyl myristate, hexadecyl myristate, isostearyl behenate, glyceryl behenate, stearyl behenate, behenyl isostearate, lanolin alcohol behenate, cholesteryl behenate, phytosterol behenate, hexyldodecanol behenate, isostearyl behenate, octyldodecanol behenate, isooctyl dodecanol behenate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl isooctanoate, isohexadecyl octanoate, stearyl octanoate, isooctyl octanoate, tridecyl isostearate, isotridecyl stearate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl isopalmitate, behenyl palmitate, myristyl tetradecyl myristate, myristyl octanoate, isostearyl octanoate, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl isostearate, isotridecyl palmitate, behenyl isopalmitate, behenyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, etc, One or more of myristyl decanoate, decyl decanoate and isodecyl decanoate.

A method of preparing an additive suitable for use in liquid fuels, comprising the steps of:

mixing 100 parts by weight of higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1-100 parts by weight of ester compound containing 20-40 carbon atoms, stirring and reacting in a sealed container at 60-80 ℃ for 1-5 hours, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for liquid fuel.

In the conventional classical combustion theory of a general internal combustion locomotive engine, fuel atomization is an important procedure, and according to the principle that the smaller the unit volume is, the larger the relative surface area is, the fuel is required to be rapidly combusted and fully combusted in a cylinder of the engine, so that the fuel supplied to the engine is oil mist with small granularity. When fuel oil is combusted, firstly, the fuel oil is vaporized into gas from liquid state, then the gas is mixed with oxygen in air to form combustible mixed gas, and the combustible mixed gas is combusted, wherein the conventional process that the fuel oil is vaporized into the gas state from the liquid state is called as a first atomization process, and usually, when fuel oil equipment is designed, a designer can carefully consider the problem, and the first atomization process is fully carried out through various means such as nozzle design, reflux heating design and the like, and the fuel oil can be completely and fully combusted only when the fuel oil atomization reaches the specified granularity standard. Objectively, if the fuel is sufficiently atomized, even if any additive is added, no fuel saving effect is produced because the fuel is sufficiently combusted.

However, any fuel equipment, including automobiles, cannot always be new, and components in the fuel system can be worn after long-term use, especially at the nozzles, valves, etc. At the moment, the one-time atomization effect of the fuel cannot meet the specified standard in the initial design, the fuel can be burnt incompletely, the fuel consumption can be obviously increased, and the emission is poor.

The alcohol compound is matched with the mesoporous material, acid and alcohol are esterified to a certain degree, the alcohol compound is greatly adsorbed on the surface of the mesoporous material, and the alcohol compound is quickly volatilized at high temperature to form high-temperature particles so as to impact large oil drops to generate a microexplosion effect and generate fuel oil particles with smaller particle size to form a secondary atomization effect, and finally large-particle oil drops exceeding the atomization standard are secondarily atomized into oil drops meeting the design standard, so that comprehensive microexplosion is generated in the combustion process to be fully combusted, and the combustion efficiency of the fuel oil in oxygen deficiency or equipment aging is improved.

The additive can save fuel consumption by 6-12%, can reduce the smoke intensity of diesel exhaust by 50-75%, can reduce PM50-75% of all engine exhaust, can reduce HC emission of all engine exhaust by 30-50%, and can reduce CO emission of all engine exhaust by 30-50%.

The above-described and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one.

An additive for liquid fuel, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a higher aliphatic mono-alcohol and 1 to 100 parts by weight of an ester compound having a carbon content of 20 to 40.

The higher fatty mono-alcohol is selected from

One or more of similar alcohols such as n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-nonanol, n-decanol, tridecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecanol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, hardened rapeseed oleyl alcohol, jojoba alcohol, batyl alcohol, 2-decyltetradecyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, cholesterol, phytosterol, hexyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, erucyl alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, etc.

The additive also comprises 5-30 parts by weight of polyol.

The mass ratio of the higher fatty mono-alcohol to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.1-0.2.

The polyalcohol is one or more selected from glycerol, trimethylolpropane, diglycerol, methylglucoside, glycerol, 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-triol, 1,2, 6-hexanetriol and pentaerythritol.

The ester compound containing carbon in an amount of 20-40 is selected from tridecyl myristate, octyl myristate, hexadecyl myristate, isostearyl behenate, glyceryl behenate, stearyl behenate, behenyl isostearate, lanolin alcohol behenate, cholesteryl behenate, phytosterol behenate, hexyldodecanol behenate, isostearyl behenate, octyldodecanol behenate, isooctyl dodecanol behenate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl isooctanoate, isohexadecyl octanoate, stearyl octanoate, isooctyl octanoate, tridecyl isostearate, isotridecyl stearate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl isopalmitate, behenyl palmitate, myristyl tetradecyl myristate, myristyl octanoate, isostearyl octanoate, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl isostearate, isotridecyl palmitate, behenyl isopalmitate, behenyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, etc, One or more of myristyl decanoate, decyl decanoate and isodecyl decanoate.

Example 1

The additive comprises the following components: 100 parts by weight of cetyl alcohol, 20 parts by weight of cetyl tetradecanoate. And (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent, reacting for 2 hours in a sealed container at 70 ℃, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for the liquid fuel.

Example 2

The additive comprises the following components: 100 parts by weight of cetyl alcohol and 20 parts by weight of glyceryl behenate. And (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent, reacting for 2 hours in a sealed container at 70 ℃, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for the liquid fuel.

Example 3

The additive comprises the following components: 100 parts by weight of cetyl alcohol, 10 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane and 20 parts by weight of stearyl behenate. And (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent, reacting for 2 hours in a sealed container at 70 ℃, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for the liquid fuel.

Comparative example 1

The additive comprises the following components: 100 parts by weight of cetyl alcohol, 20 parts by weight of methyl stearate. And (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent, reacting for 2 hours in a sealed container at 70 ℃, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for the liquid fuel.

Comparative example 2

The additive comprises the following components: 120 parts by weight of cetyl alcohol. And (3) in the presence of a dehydrating agent, reacting for 2 hours in a sealed container at 70 ℃, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain the additive suitable for the liquid fuel.

Gasoline performance testing

1. Road driving oil consumption experiment

The fuel-saving effect of the additive prepared in the example is verified. In order to ensure the universality of the driving test result, the test uses the popular Santana No. 92 gasoline vehicle as a test vehicle, the vehicle type of the same road section is frequently run, and the additive dosage and the gasoline volume ratio are respectively 1: 28000. 1: 30000. 1: 32000; calculating the oil saving rate according to GB/T14951-2007 method for evaluating automobile oil saving technology; and measuring the power of the engine according to GB/T6072.1; the results of the fuel economy test and the engine power test are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 vehicle fuel economy, power boost test results for different proportions of additive usage

2. Tail gas emission test experiment:

the additive of the invention also carries out a tail gas emission detection test on the Volkswagen Santana No. 92 gasoline vehicle. The vehicle is tested by sequentially using the additives prepared by the embodiment of the invention, and the volume ratio of the additive to the gasoline is 1: 28000. 1: 30000. 1: 32000; detecting tail gas by using a tail gas detector under the condition that the emission is stable after the vehicle runs for 50 kilometers each time; the test results are shown in table 2, test methods: the test method of CO, HC and NOx is GB 18285.

TABLE 2 test results of CO and HC reduction emission test for test vehicles

Diesel oil Performance testing

1. Road driving oil consumption experiment

The fuel-saving effect of the additive prepared in the example is verified. In order to ensure the universality of the driving test result, the test uses the popular Santana as a test vehicle, the vehicle type of the same road section is frequently run for many times, and the volume ratio of the additive adding amount to the diesel oil is respectively 1: 26000. 1: 28000. 1: 30000; calculating the oil saving rate according to GB/T14951-2007 method for evaluating automobile oil saving technology; the cetane number of the diesel fuel is determined according to the method EN ISO 5165, and the engine power is determined according to GB/T6072.1.

The results of the fuel economy test and the cetane number test are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 results of tests on fuel economy, engine power and cetane number of vehicles using different proportions of additives

2. Tail gas emission test experiment:

the additive of the invention is used for carrying out a tail gas emission detection test on the Volkswagen Santana vehicle. The vehicle is tested by sequentially using the additives prepared by the embodiment of the invention, and the volume ratio of the additive to the diesel oil is 1: 26000. 1: 28000. 1: 30000; detecting tail gas by using a tail gas detector under the condition that the emission of the vehicle is stable after the vehicle runs for 50 kilometers each time, and detecting the emission reduction rate of CO, HC, smoke values and PM of the test vehicle; measuring the smoke intensity of the tail gas of the vehicle by using a full-automatic smoke intensity meter; and the reduction rate was calculated, and the test results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

The test method comprises the following steps: the testing method of CO and HC is GB18285, the testing method of smoke value is GB/T9487, and the testing method of PM is GB/T17691.

TABLE 2 test results for CO and HC reduction emissions from test vehicles

Table 3 particulate matter PM and smoke reduction test results for test vehicles

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and the description is given here only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.