阅读说明：本技术 一种水煤浆气化粗煤气洗涤塔 (Water coal slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower ) 是由 宋晓玲 张立 曹新峰 陈海全 单芙蓉 张波 郭盼春 宋彦龙 李晓鹏 陈亚东 于 2020-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种水煤浆气化粗煤气洗涤塔,由塔体、旋流板除雾器、塔盘、文丘里洗涤器、分布器、导气管等部分组成。粗煤气通过导气管进入内置的文丘里洗涤器,粗煤气与文丘里洗涤器旋流的喷淋水在文丘里喉管处接触,粗煤气中的固体颗粒增湿增重后进入分布器,在分布器内进行固气分离,粗煤气继续上升经过塔盘,经塔盘洗涤水再次洗涤,经过旋流板除雾器的碰撞,除去增湿的细灰和水分,干净的水煤气从洗涤塔顶部流出进入后工段。本发明有效解决了常规的文丘里洗涤器喷头和喉管及分布器易堵塞的问题,结构简单合理,投资少,可广泛应用于粗煤气的洗涤工艺中,特别适用于气流床产生的水煤浆气化粗煤气的初步洗涤净化的工艺中。(The invention relates to a washing tower for coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas, which comprises a tower body, a rotational flow plate demister, a tower tray, a Venturi scrubber, a distributor, a gas guide pipe and the like. The raw gas enters a built-in Venturi scrubber through a gas guide pipe, the raw gas is contacted with spray water swirled by the Venturi scrubber at a Venturi throat, solid particles in the raw gas enter a distributor after being humidified and weighted, solid-gas separation is carried out in the distributor, the raw gas continuously rises through a tower tray, is washed again by tower tray washing water, is collided by a vortex plate demister to remove humidified fine ash and moisture, and clean water gas flows out of the top of a washing tower and enters a rear working section. The invention effectively solves the problem that the nozzle, the throat and the distributor of the conventional Venturi scrubber are easy to block, has simple and reasonable structure and low investment, can be widely applied to the washing process of the crude gas, and is particularly suitable for the primary washing and purifying process of the coal water slurry gasified crude gas generated by the entrained flow.)

1. A washing tower for coarse coal gas gasified by water coal slurry is characterized by comprising a tower body, wherein the top of the tower body is provided with a water gas outlet; a cyclone plate demister, a tower tray, a venturi scrubber and a distributor are sequentially arranged in the tower body from top to bottom; a tower tray washing water inlet is formed in the wall of the tower body between the rotational flow plate demister and the tower tray; a Venturi coarse gas inlet, a Venturi spray water inlet, a Venturi flushing water outlet and a high-pressure grey water inlet are arranged on the tower body wall between the tower tray and the distributor from top to bottom; a washing tower black water outlet is arranged on the tower body wall below the distributor; the Venturi raw gas inlet is connected with the Venturi scrubber through a gas guide pipe; the venturi scrubber is vertically installed, the lower end of the venturi scrubber is connected with the distributor through a distributor air inlet pipe, and the distributor is fixed on the tower wall of the washing tower through a supporting groove; a washing tower for coarse coal gas gasified by water coal slurry is characterized by comprising a tower body, wherein the top of the tower body is provided with a water gas outlet; a cyclone plate demister, a tower tray, a venturi scrubber and a distributor are sequentially arranged in the tower body from top to bottom; a tower tray washing water inlet is formed in the wall of the tower body between the rotational flow plate demister and the tower tray; a Venturi coarse gas inlet, a Venturi spray water inlet, a Venturi flushing water outlet and a high-pressure grey water inlet are arranged on the tower body wall between the tower tray and the distributor from top to bottom; a washing tower black water outlet is arranged on the tower body wall below the distributor; the Venturi raw gas inlet is connected with the Venturi scrubber through a gas guide pipe; the venturi scrubber is vertically installed, the lower end of the venturi scrubber is connected with the distributor through a distributor air inlet pipe, and the distributor is fixed on the tower wall of the washing tower through a supporting groove; .

2. The coal-water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the venturi scrubber has a spray hole diameter of 5-10 mm.

3. The coal water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the included angle between the central line of the spray hole of the venturi scrubber and the axis of the venturi scrubber throat is 20-40 °.

4. The coal-water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the slag discharge pipe at the bottom of the distributor main pipe is 400-600 mm.

5. The coal water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, wherein the deslagging hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is a long-strip hole.

6. The coal-water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 5, wherein the width of the deslagging hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 10-20 mm.

7. The coal-water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower as claimed in claim 6, wherein the length of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 150-200 mm.

8. The coal water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet of the distributor main pipe is arranged in the direction with an included angle of 40-70 degrees with the axis of the distributor main pipe.

9. The coal water slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet of the distributor branch pipe is arranged in the direction with an included angle of 40-70 degrees with the axis of the distributor branch pipe.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gasification in chemical production, and particularly relates to a washing tower for coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas.

Background

As is well known, "lean oil, rich coal and low gas" are the basic characteristics of energy structure in China. With the rapid development and the deep improvement of economy, under the energy pattern of lean oil and rich coal, the transformation strategy for solving the petroleum deficiency is developed by developing coal chemical industry to replace petrochemical products. Coal gasification is the core of clean and efficient conversion of coal and is the basis for developing coal chemical products. Coal gas produced by coal gasification can be used for producing electric power, synthetic oil, coal-based chemicals, hydrogen and the like, but the production of the products has strict requirements on the quality of the coal gas, so that the raw coal gas is necessary and necessary to meet the requirements of downstream processes.

Chinese patent CN204417444U provides a gasification scrubbing tower, this utility model discloses a gasification scrubbing tower, it includes the tower body, cyclone, the tower tray, the venturi intake pipe, moisturizing pipe and annular water distributor pipe, its tower body top is equipped with the water gas export, upper portion is equipped with cyclone in the tower body, cyclone below is equipped with the three-layer tower tray that top-down distributes, be equipped with the washing liquid entry on the tower body wall between cyclone and the first layer tower tray, last layer tower tray below is equipped with venturi intake pipe and moisturizing pipe, the mouth of pipe of moisturizing pipe and the fixed intercommunication of annular water distributor pipe import of locating in the tower body, annular water distributor pipe is along the fixed setting of tower body inner wall, be equipped with water distribution pipe support groove on the tower body inner wall, evenly be equipped with a plurality of delivery port on the water distribution pipe bottom pipe wall. The utility model discloses an advantage lies in that the water of benefit in can evenly get into the inside and gaseous abundant contact of scrubbing tower through annular water distribution pipe, reaches better gas washing effect, and the water of benefit in can not produce the below liquid level and stir in the scrubbing tower, and the solid particle that makes the washing get off can effectively sink to the bottom.

Chinese patent CN108441266A discloses a washing and dust removing device for syngas and a washing and dust removing process thereof, the device comprises: the gasifier chilling chamber is used for washing and cooling the crude synthesis gas to obtain primarily purified synthesis gas, slag and black water; the venturi scrubber adopts an external type and is used for wetting the primarily purified synthesis gas and capturing dust to form dust-containing liquid drops; the separation washing tower is provided with an inner cavity which is divided into an upper-section inner cavity and a lower-section inner cavity, the lower-section inner cavity receives the synthesis gas with dust-containing liquid drops to perform gas-liquid separation, a synthesis gas flow guide structure is arranged between the upper-section inner cavity and the lower-section inner cavity, and the upper-section inner cavity is used for washing the synthesis gas entering the upper-section inner cavity to remove residual fine particles and obtain purified synthesis gas and sewage; the chilling water pump is used for circularly sending the supernatant liquid to the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace and the Venturi scrubber. The invention can obtain the synthesis gas with excellent dust removal effect by using a small amount of equipment with small resistance loss, and can improve the washing efficiency.

Chinese patent CN207031371U proposes a syngas wetting scrubbing system, which comprises a syngas scrubbing tower, a venturi scrubber, a chilled water pump and a venturi water pump. The utility model discloses a through set up the collection liquid case of taking the air duct in the scrubbing tower, add the internals of reinforceing liquid-solid phase separation, change the flow path, the contact mode and the dwell time that contain solid wet synthetic gas in the tower and improve the washing effect of synthetic gas.

According to the analysis of the prior art, the washing tower is used as the washing equipment of the crude gas in the existing stage coal gasification technology, and the importance degree is self-evident. However, the internal structure of the scrubbing determines the scrubbing effect of this raw gas. The interior of a washing tower used in a furnace type represented by a Texaco furnace, an aerospace furnace and a Qinghua furnace is provided with a downcomer, a distributor, a tower tray and a demister. In the structure, a Venturi scrubber is arranged before raw gas enters a washing tower, the supernatant of the washing tower is generally used as Venturi humidifying and dedusting water, and a separation washing tower is used individually for carrying out upper-end dedusting, washing and purifying and lower-end gas-liquid separation.

Although the technologies currently used for raw gas scrubbing are numerous, there still exist certain drawbacks and disadvantages: (1) the solid content of the ash water supernatant of the washing tower is high, so that a Venturi washing nozzle is easily blocked, the washing effect is reduced after long-time operation, the ash in the coarse coal gas is serious, and the subsequent process cannot continue to operate. (2) The venturi throat increases the resistance of the crude gas passing through the venturi due to the existence of the spray pipe, the entrained dust is condensed to cause the blockage of the throat, the pipeline of the synthetic gas is blocked, the pressure difference between the gasification furnace and the washing tower system is high, and the pressure of the combustion chamber of the gasification furnace is high. (3) Because the coarse coal gas carries serious ash, the distributor of the washing tower is seriously blocked, the pressure difference of the washing tower is increased, the gasification furnace is not beneficial to long-term operation, and the distributor is difficult to dredge when the gasification furnace is stopped and overhauled. (4) The coarse coal at the outlet of the washing tower has high gas-solid content and high gas-vapor ratio, can not meet the use requirement of a later working section, and the equipment is frequently overhauled. (5) The external Venturi has high pressure grade, special material, high manufacturing cost, complex process and large occupied area.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the washing tower for the coal water slurry gasified coarse coal gas, which has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, good washing effect and stable operation.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a washing tower for coarse coal gas gasified by water coal slurry comprises a tower body, wherein the top of the tower body is provided with a water gas outlet; a cyclone plate demister, a tower tray, a venturi scrubber and a distributor are sequentially arranged in the tower body from top to bottom; a tower tray washing water inlet is formed in the wall of the tower body between the rotational flow plate demister and the tower tray; a Venturi coarse gas inlet, a Venturi spray water inlet, a Venturi flushing water outlet and a high-pressure grey water inlet are arranged on the tower body wall between the tower tray and the distributor from top to bottom; a washing tower black water outlet is arranged on the tower body wall below the distributor; the Venturi raw gas inlet is connected with the Venturi scrubber through a gas guide pipe; the venturi scrubber is vertically installed, the lower end of the venturi scrubber is connected with the distributor through the distributor air inlet pipe, and the distributor is fixed on the tower wall of the washing tower through the supporting groove.

In the coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas washing tower, a water jacket is arranged outside a venturi scrubber throat pipe, and a plurality of spray holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged on the venturi scrubber throat pipe; condensate sent from the rear section is taken as venturi washing water, enters the water jacket from the venturi spraying water inlet along the tangential direction, the spraying water swirls in the water jacket, is sprayed out from the spraying holes, is contacted with the crude gas at the throat of the venturi washer, and the humidified crude gas enters the distributor under the action of differential pressure and gravity. When the system runs the scale formation of the water jacket for a long time, the water can be discharged through the venturi washing water outlet to wash the water jacket, the problem that the water jacket of the venturi scrubber is easy to block is effectively solved, and the system can run for a long time without disassembling, overhauling and cleaning the venturi scrubber.

The material of the venturi scrubber is 316L stainless steel.

The diameter of a spray hole of the water-coal-slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower and the Venturi scrubber is 5-10 mm.

In the water-coal-slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower, the included angle between the central line of the spray hole of the Venturi scrubber and the axial line of the throat pipe of the Venturi scrubber is 20-40 degrees.

In the coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas washing tower, the distributor is provided with a main pipe, the bottom of the main pipe is provided with a slag discharge pipe, and larger solid particles in the coarse coal gas can be guided into the bottom of the washing tower through the slag discharge pipe to prevent the solid particles from stirring a water bath; a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on two sides of the distributor main pipe, and slag discharge holes are formed in the bottoms of the branch pipes, so that the distributor is prevented from being blocked, and the service cycle of equipment is prolonged; two rows of air outlet holes are arranged on the main pipe and the branch pipes of the distributor; solid particles in the raw gas enter a water bath through a slag discharge pipe of a main distributor pipe and slag discharge holes of branch pipes of the distributor, and flow out of the washing tower from a black water outlet of the washing tower; the gas phase part flows out from the gas outlet holes of the main pipe and the branch pipes of the distributor and reaches the tower after water bathThe tray contacts with condensate at a tray washing water inlet on a tray, after humidification and cooling, most of fine ash overflows along with the tray washing water and enters a water bath, when gas phase continuously rises and meets a spiral-flow plate demister, liquid losing kinetic energy and a small part of fine ash fall on the tray under the action of gravity under the collision of blades of the spiral-flow plate demister, and clean water gas enters a rear working section from a water gas outlet at the top of a washing tower. The solid content of the water gas finally discharged from the top of the washing tower is less than or equal to 0.8mg/Nm³。

In the coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas washing tower, the diameter of a slag discharge pipe at the bottom of a distributor main pipe is 400-600 mm.

The slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is a strip hole.

The width of a slag discharge hole at the bottom of a distributor branch pipe of the water-coal-slurry gasified coarse coal gas washing tower is 10-20 mm.

The length of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe of the coal water slurry gasification coarse coal gas washing tower is 150-200 mm.

In the water-coal-slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower, the gas outlet hole of the distributor main pipe is arranged in the direction with an included angle of 40-70 degrees with the axis of the distributor main pipe.

In the water-coal-slurry gasification coarse gas washing tower, the gas outlet holes of the distributor branch pipes are arranged in the direction with an included angle of 40-70 degrees with the axis of the distributor branch pipes.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the cyclone design of the venturi scrubber effectively solves the problem that the spray head and the throat of the conventional venturi scrubber are easy to block, and the venturi scrubber can run for a long time and does not need to be disassembled for maintenance and cleaning. (2) The distributor is additionally provided with the slag discharge pipe and the elongated slag discharge hole, so that the blockage of the distributor is effectively prevented, and the running period is prolonged. (3) The improved venturi scrubber is matched with the distributor for use, thereby eliminating the hidden trouble of high differential pressure of the gasification furnace and the scrubbing tower system, reducing the solid content of water gas at the outlet of the scrubbing tower, prolonging the service cycle of equipment and providing powerful guarantee for the stable operation of the rear working section. (4) The built-in installation of the venturi scrubber simplifies the production process, occupies small area and saves the production cost. (5) The online cleaning of the venturi is realized, the detachment and the maintenance of the venturi are avoided, and the labor intensity of the maintenance is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a venturi scrubber of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the venturi scrubber of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a top view of a distributor of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view B-B of the distributor of the present invention.

In the figures 1-5, 1 is a water gas outlet, 2 is a rotational flow plate demister, 3 is a tray washing water inlet, 4 is a tray, 5 is a venturi spray water inlet, 6 is a crude gas air duct, 7 is a venturi scrubber, 8 is a high-pressure grey water inlet, 9 is a distributor, 10 is a distributor main pipe slag discharge pipe, 11 is a tower body, 12 is a washing tower black water outlet I, 13 is a skirt, 14 is a washing tower black water outlet II, 15 is a supporting groove, 16 is a distributor air inlet pipe, 17 is a Venturi flushing water outlet, 18 is a Venturi raw gas inlet, 19 is a water jacket, 20 is a Venturi spraying hole, 21 is a distributor main pipe, 22 is a distributor branch pipe, 23 is a distributor main pipe air outlet hole series I, 24 is a distributor main pipe air outlet hole series II, 25 is a distributor branch pipe deslagging hole, 26 is a distributor branch pipe air outlet hole series I, and 27 is a distributor branch pipe air outlet hole series II.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present embodiment comprises a tower 11 having a water gas outlet 1 at the top; the inside of the tower body is sequentially provided with a rotational flow plate demister 2, a tower tray 4, a venturi scrubber 7 and a distributor 9 from top to bottom; a tower tray washing water inlet 3 is arranged on the tower body wall between the cyclone plate demister 2 and the tower tray 4; a Venturi raw gas inlet 18, a Venturi spray water inlet 5, a Venturi flushing water outlet 17 and a high-pressure grey water inlet 8 are arranged on the wall of the tower body between the tower tray 4 and the distributor 9 from top to bottom; a washing tower black water outlet I12 and a washing tower black water outlet II 14 are arranged on the tower body wall below the distributor; the Venturi raw gas inlet 18 is connected with the Venturi scrubber 7 through a gas guide pipe 6; the venturi scrubber 7 is vertically installed, the lower end of the venturi scrubber is connected with the distributor 9 through a distributor air inlet pipe 16, and the distributor 9 is fixed on the tower wall of the washing tower through a supporting groove 15.

The other embodiment is different in that a water jacket 19 is arranged outside the throat pipe of the Venturi scrubber, and a plurality of spray holes 20 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged on the throat pipe of the Venturi scrubber; condensate sent from the rear section is taken as venturi washing water, enters the water jacket 19 from the venturi spraying water inlet 5 along the tangential direction, the spraying water swirls in the water jacket 19, is sprayed out from the spraying holes 20, is contacted with the crude gas at the throat of the venturi washer, and the humidified crude gas enters the distributor 9 under the action of differential pressure and gravity. When the system runs for a long time, the water jacket 19 is scaled, water can be discharged through the venturi washing water outlet 17 to wash the water jacket 19, the problem that the venturi scrubber water jacket 19 is easy to block is effectively solved, and the system can run for a long time and does not need to disassemble, overhaul and clean the venturi scrubber.

Another embodiment is different in that the Venturi scrubber is made of 316L stainless steel.

Another embodiment differs in that the venturi scrubber has spray holes 5mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the venturi scrubber has spray holes 6mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the venturi scrubber has spray holes 7mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the venturi scrubber has spray holes 8mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the venturi scrubber has spray holes 9mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the spray holes of the venturi scrubber are 10mm in diameter.

Another embodiment differs in that the centerline of the venturi scrubber spray holes is at an angle of 20 ° to the axis of the venturi scrubber throat.

Another embodiment differs in that the centerline of the venturi scrubber spray holes is angled 25 from the axis of the venturi scrubber throat.

Another embodiment differs in that the centerline of the venturi scrubber spray holes is at an angle of 30 ° to the axis of the venturi scrubber throat.

Another embodiment differs in that the centerline of the venturi scrubber spray holes is angled 35 from the axis of the venturi scrubber throat.

Another embodiment differs in that the centerline of the venturi scrubber spray holes is angled 40 from the axis of the venturi scrubber throat.

The other embodiment is different in that the distributor 9 is provided with a main pipe 21, the bottom of the main pipe is provided with a slag discharge pipe 10, and larger solid particles in the crude gas can be guided into the bottom of the washing tower through the slag discharge pipe 10 to prevent the solid particles from stirring the water bath; a plurality of branch pipes 22 are arranged on two sides of the distributor main pipe, and slag discharge holes 25 are formed in the bottoms of the branch pipes, so that the distributor is prevented from being blocked, and the service cycle of the equipment is prolonged; two rows of air outlet holes are arranged on the main pipe and the branch pipes of the distributor; solid particles in the raw gas enter a water bath through a slag discharge pipe 10 of a main distributor pipe and slag discharge holes 25 of branch pipes of the distributor, and flow out of the washing tower from a black water outlet I12 or a black water outlet II 14 of the washing tower; the gas phase part flows out from the gas outlet holes of the distributor main pipe and the branch pipes, reaches the tower tray 4 after passing through the water bath, contacts with condensate of a tower tray washing water inlet 3 on the tower tray, after humidification and cooling, most fine ash overflows with the tower tray washing water and enters the water bath, when the gas phase continuously rises and meets the spiral-flow plate demister 2, liquid losing kinetic energy and a small part of fine ash fall on the tower tray 4 under the action of gravity under the collision of the blades of the spiral-flow plate demister, and clean water gas enters a rear working section from a water gas outlet 1 at the top of the washing tower. The solid content of the water gas finally discharged from the top of the washing tower is less than or equal to 0.8mg/Nm³。

Another embodiment is different in that the diameter of the slag discharge pipe at the bottom of the distributor main pipe is 400 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the diameter of the slag discharge pipe at the bottom of the distributor main pipe is 500 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the diameter of the slag discharge pipe at the bottom of the distributor main pipe is 600 mm.

The difference of another embodiment is that the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is a long hole.

Another embodiment is different in that the width of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 10 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the width of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 15 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the width of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 20 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the length of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 150 mm.

Another embodiment differs in that the length of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 175 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the length of the slag discharge hole at the bottom of the distributor branch pipe is 200 mm.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor main pipe are arranged in the direction forming an angle of 40 degrees with the axis of the distributor main pipe.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor main pipe are arranged in the direction which forms an angle of 50 degrees with the axis of the distributor main pipe.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor main pipe are arranged in the direction of 60 degrees from the line clamping angle of the distributor main pipe.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor main pipe are arranged in the direction which forms an angle of 70 degrees with the axis of the distributor main pipe.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor branch pipes are arranged in the direction forming an angle of 40 degrees with the axes of the distributor branch pipes.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor branch pipes are arranged in the direction which forms an angle of 50 degrees with the axes of the distributor branch pipes.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor branch pipes are arranged in the direction forming an angle of 60 degrees with the axes of the distributor branch pipes.

Another embodiment is different in that the air outlet holes of the distributor branch pipes are arranged in the direction forming an angle of 70 degrees with the axes of the distributor branch pipes.

The process flow and the principle of the invention are as follows:

raw gas from a gasification furnace enters a venturi scrubber 7 from a raw gas inlet 18 through a gas guide pipe 6, the venturi scrubber 7 is vertically installed, a water jacket 19 is arranged on the outer side of a throat pipe of the venturi scrubber, a plurality of spray holes 20 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged on the throat pipe of the venturi scrubber, condensate sent from a rear working section is taken as washing water and tangentially enters the water jacket 19 from a venturi spray water inlet 5, the spray water swirls in the water jacket 19 and is sprayed out of the spray holes 20, and the spray water is contacted with the raw gas at the throat pipe of the venturi scrubber; the humidified crude gas enters a distributor 9 under the action of pressure difference and gravity, solid particles in the crude gas enter a water bath through a main pipe deslagging pipe 10 of the distributor and a branch pipe deslagging hole 25 of the distributor, and flow out of a washing tower from a black water outlet I12 of the washing tower or a black water outlet II 14 of the washing tower; the gas phase part overflows from the gas outlet holes of the distributor main pipe and the branch pipes, reaches the tower tray 4 after passing through the water bath, contacts with crude gas condensate of a tower tray washing water inlet 3 on the tower tray 4, after humidification and cooling, most of fine ash overflows with the tower tray washing water and enters the water bath, when the gas phase continuously rises and meets the spiral-flow plate demister 2, liquid losing kinetic energy and a small part of fine ash fall on the tower tray 4 under the action of gravity under the collision of blades of the spiral-flow plate demister, and clean water gas enters a rear working section from a water gas outlet 1 at the top of the washing tower.