阅读说明：本技术 一种基于二异丙基醚为原料的强抗爆性醚类燃油 (Strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material ) 是由 张胜 于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及燃油制备技术领域,尤其是涉及一种基于二异丙基醚为原料的强抗爆性醚类燃油。本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种基于二异丙基醚为原料的强抗爆性醚类燃油,其组分为：基础油、清净剂、分散剂、抗氧剂、摩擦改进剂；所述基础油中包括乙二醇双叔丁基醚和二异丙基醚。本发明的通过在燃油中增加了二异丙基醚,提高了燃油的抗爆性、辛烷值和燃烧性。(The invention relates to the technical field of fuel oil preparation, in particular to strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material. The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material comprises the following components: base oil, detergent, dispersant, antioxidant and friction modifier; the base oil comprises ethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether and diisopropyl ether. The invention increases diisopropyl ether in the fuel oil, and improves the antiknock property, octane number and combustibility of the fuel oil.)

1. A strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

the sum of the mass percentages of the above groups is 100%.

2. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base oil comprises 92-97.35% of ethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether and 2.65-8% of diisopropyl ether.

3. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detergent is 2-hydroxypropyl butyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

4. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dispersant is composed of 40-50% of polyisobutylene diimide and 50-60% of alkenyl succinimide by mass ratio.

5. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the antioxidant is prepared by compounding 40-50% of thiadiazo and 50-60% of p-hydroxy diphenylamine in percentage by mass.

6. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises a dispersion kettle, a reaction kettle and a desorption tower which are used for preparing the ethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether and the diisopropyl ether.

7. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the dispersing kettle comprises a kettle body with an inner cavity, a driving motor arranged on the outer wall of the top of the kettle body, a rotating shaft arranged in the kettle body and a rotating seat; the kettle body is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole; a motor shaft of the driving motor penetrates into the inner cavity of the kettle body and is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is sequentially provided with a dispersion disc, a dispersion disc and a rotating slurry from top to bottom; a fixed shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the dispersion disc; the fixed shaft is provided with a rotating fan blade which is rotationally connected with the fixed shaft; the upper rotating seat is divided into an upper seat and a lower seat, the upper seat is rotatably connected with the lower seat, the upper seat is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft, which is far away from the driving motor, and rotates along with the rotating shaft, and the lower seat is fixedly connected with the bottom of the kettle body; and a pressure valve is arranged on a discharge hole of the kettle body.

8. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body provided with an inner cavity, wherein a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and a water outlet communicated with the inner cavity are arranged on the reaction kettle body, stop valves are arranged in the discharge outlet and the water outlet, the reaction kettle also comprises a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body, the cleaning mechanism comprises a water storage tank fixedly arranged on the reaction kettle body, a drainage pipe and a water spray pipe, the drainage pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body, and one end of the drainage pipe penetrates through the side wall of the reaction kettle body and is communicated with the water storage tank; the other end of the drainage tube is communicated with a water spraying tube; the drainage tube is provided with an electromagnetic valve; a plurality of uniformly distributed water spraying holes are formed in the side wall of the water spraying pipe; the reaction kettle body is also provided with a water body rolling device; the water body rolling device comprises three motors, a large rolling frame and a small propeller, wherein the large rolling frame and the small propeller are arranged in an inner cavity of a reaction kettle body; the output ends of motor shafts of the three motors penetrate into the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body along the side wall of the reaction kettle body and are fixedly connected with the center of the large rolling frame; and the small propeller is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the large rolling frame far away from the three motors. .

9. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the desorption tower comprises a tower body, and an evaporator, a first filler section, a second filler section, a feeding distributor, a mist catching layer filler section and a cleaning liquid spraying device are sequentially arranged in the tower body from bottom to top; the evaporator is of a multi-tube structure, and an air outlet is formed in the tower top; the cleaning liquid spraying device is arranged above the packing section of the mist catching layer; a rich solution inlet of the tower body is connected with a feeding distributor, a circulating barren solution inlet of the tower body is connected with an evaporator, and a circulating barren solution steam inlet and a circulating barren solution outlet I are sequentially arranged below the evaporator from top to bottom; a barren liquor outlet and a circulating barren liquor outlet II are formed in the lower bottom of the tower body; and a gas-liquid distributor is arranged between the first filler section and the second filler section.

10. The strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that: further comprising a crystallization filtering device for filtering crystals produced by distillation in the desorption column; the crystallization filtering device comprises a box body, a crystal box and a filtering plate obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the box body; the filter plate is provided with a waste material port on the side wall of the box body at the lowest position of the box body; the waste material opening is communicated with the crystal box through a waste material pipe.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel oil preparation, in particular to strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material.

Background

Diisopropyl ether (DIPE), colorless, a primary flammable liquid with fluidity and medium volatility at normal temperature and normal pressure, has the special smell of ether, and can be mixed and dissolved with various organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene and the like. The product has no corrosion to metal during drying, and can be stored in iron, mild steel, copper or aluminum container, and hydroquinone, naphthol or polyalkylphenol can inhibit generation of peroxide. The melting point is-86.4 ℃, the boiling point is 68.4 ℃, the relative density is 0.7258, the refractive index is 1.3679, the flash point is-22 ℃, and the azeotrope can form an azeotrope with water, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol. The high-octane value and high oxygen content of the fuel oil are low in Reid vapor pressure, and the fuel oil has the characteristics of changing the combustion performance of gasoline, reducing the emission of CO and improving the anti-knock property, so that the development of the high-anti-knock ether fuel oil taking diisopropyl ether as a raw material is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the strong antiknock ether fuel oil which has high antiknock property, high octane value and high combustibility and is based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

the sum of the mass percentages of the above groups is 100%.

Preferably: the base oil comprises 92-97.35% of ethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether and 2.65-8% of diisopropyl ether.

Preferably: the detergent is 2-hydroxypropyl butyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

Preferably: the dispersant is composed of 40-50% of polyisobutylene diimide and 50-60% of alkenyl succinimide by mass ratio.

Preferably: the antioxidant is prepared by compounding 40-50% of thiadiazo and 50-60% of p-hydroxy diphenylamine in percentage by mass.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the diisopropyl ether is added into the fuel, so that the anti-knock performance and the octane number of the fuel are obviously improved; the table for comparing the antiknock performance and octane number of the gasoline with the traditional laminated fuel oil or alcohol regulated gasoline is shown as the following table I:

TABLE I octane index and antiknock performance index table for different blending components in fuel oil

Regulating component	ROM/MON	Antiknock index	Sensitivity of the device
				Superimposed gasoline	93～99/80～83	86.5～91	13～16
Methanol	106～112/90～92	98～102	135.5
				Gas alcohol	110/90	100	132.5
Diisopropyl ether	102.5/98.9	105	105

As shown in Table I, diisopropyl ether has high antiknock performance and can effectively resist the antiknock performance and the combustion performance of fuel oil.

Preferably: also comprises a dispersion kettle, a reaction kettle and a desorption tower which are used for preparing the ethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether and the diisopropyl ether.

Preferably: the dispersing kettle comprises a kettle body with an inner cavity, a driving motor arranged on the outer wall of the top of the kettle body, a rotating shaft arranged in the kettle body and a rotating seat; the kettle body is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole; a motor shaft of the driving motor penetrates into the inner cavity of the kettle body and is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is sequentially provided with a dispersion disc, a dispersion disc and a rotating slurry from top to bottom; a fixed shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the dispersion disc; the fixed shaft is provided with a rotating fan blade which is rotationally connected with the fixed shaft; the upper rotating seat is divided into an upper seat and a lower seat, the upper seat is rotatably connected with the lower seat, the upper seat is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft, which is far away from the driving motor, and rotates along with the rotating shaft, and the lower seat is fixedly connected with the bottom of the kettle body; and a pressure valve is arranged on a discharge hole of the kettle body.

Preferably: the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body provided with an inner cavity, wherein a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and a water outlet communicated with the inner cavity are arranged on the reaction kettle body, stop valves are arranged in the discharge outlet and the water outlet, the reaction kettle also comprises a cleaning mechanism for cleaning the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body, the cleaning mechanism comprises a water storage tank fixedly arranged on the reaction kettle body, a drainage pipe and a water spray pipe, the drainage pipe is arranged in the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body, and one end of the drainage pipe penetrates through the side wall of the reaction kettle body and is communicated with the water storage tank; the other end of the drainage tube is communicated with a water spraying tube; the drainage tube is provided with an electromagnetic valve; a plurality of uniformly distributed water spraying holes are formed in the side wall of the water spraying pipe; the reaction kettle body is also provided with a water body rolling device; the water body rolling device comprises three motors, a large rolling frame and a small propeller, wherein the large rolling frame and the small propeller are arranged in an inner cavity of a reaction kettle body; the output ends of motor shafts of the three motors penetrate into the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body along the side wall of the reaction kettle body and are fixedly connected with the center of the large rolling frame; and the small propeller is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the large rolling frame far away from the three motors.

Preferably: the desorption tower comprises a tower body, and an evaporator, a first filler section, a second filler section, a feeding distributor, a mist catching layer filler section and a cleaning liquid spraying device are sequentially arranged in the tower body from bottom to top; the evaporator is of a multi-tube structure, and an air outlet is formed in the tower top; the cleaning liquid spraying device is arranged above the packing section of the mist catching layer; a rich solution inlet of the tower body is connected with a feeding distributor, a circulating barren solution inlet of the tower body is connected with an evaporator, and a circulating barren solution steam inlet and a circulating barren solution outlet I are sequentially arranged below the evaporator from top to bottom; a barren liquor outlet and a circulating barren liquor outlet II are formed in the lower bottom of the tower body; and a gas-liquid distributor is arranged between the first filler section and the second filler section.

Preferably: further comprising a crystallization filtering device for filtering crystals produced by distillation in the desorption column; the crystallization filtering device comprises a box body, a crystal box and a filtering plate obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the box body; the filter plate is provided with a waste material port on the side wall of the box body at the lowest position of the box body; the waste material opening is communicated with the crystal box through a waste material pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the dispersing device is provided with the dispersing kettle, the dispersing kettle can effectively disperse materials through the dispersing disc, the rotating shaft of the dispersing kettle is provided with the dispersing disc, and the dispersing disc is provided with the rotating fan blades; the raw materials is after being dispersed by the dispersion dish, stirs the stoste to rotatory flabellum department forms little swirl, can let raw materials stirring more even like this, and the dispersion effect has very big improvement, in addition be provided with the pressure valve on the discharge gate of the cauldron body, only when the raw materials in the dispersion kettle is sufficient, the last pressure valve of dispersion kettle opens and closes after the certain time, prevents that certain raw materials from losing in the production process, and the problem that the purity is not high appears in the finished product that leads to preparing, indirectly improves fuel quality.

1. Through setting up reation kettle, be provided with the belt cleaning device that can wash the reation kettle inner wall in reation kettle, after single finished product processing is accomplished, belt cleaning device can have with cauldron internal wall sanitization through the water spray, improves the finished product quality with this mode, prevents the internal wall of cauldron from corroding simultaneously.

2. Simultaneously be provided with greatly in reation kettle body inner chamber and roll will, when needs wash reation kettle body inner chamber, at first can wash by water this internal water of reation kettle through belt cleaning device, the frame that rolls greatly this moment can be with the inside clear water of reation kettle just those high-speed rotations to realize with the effect of cauldron internal wall sanitization, further improve off-the-shelf quality.

3. By arranging a desorption tower, in the process of preparing the diisopropyl ether, propylene reacts with sulfuric acid to generate isopropyl hydrogen sulfate, and then is hydrolyzed into isopropanol. During the reaction, isopropyl hydrogen sulfate and propylene react continuously to produce diisopropyl sulfate, which reacts with isopropanol to produce isopropyl hydrogen sulfate and diisopropyl ether. When the material after the sulfuric acid hydration reaction is stripped by steam in a desorption tower, isopropanol and diisopropyl ether are released from acid liquor, and the diisopropyl ether is obtained from an air outlet hole at the top of the tower through distillation, and the diisopropyl ether are obtained through distillation, so that the purity of the diisopropyl ether is higher, the phenomenon that redundant sulfuric acid or isopropyl ether exists in the isopropyl ether due to the fact that the isopropyl ether and the diisopropyl ether are obtained through a traditional method for preparing the isopropyl ether by using sulfuric acid to dehydrate is avoided, the quality of fuel oil is improved, the quality problem of the fuel oil is prevented, and the use safety is improved.

4. The filtering device is connected to the discharge hole of the desorption tower, so that direct discharge of chemicals generated in the distillation process is prevented, resource waste is prevented, and environmental pollution can be prevented.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dispersion tank;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a reaction kettle;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a desorption column;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a crystal filter apparatus.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

the invention discloses a strong antiknock ether fuel oil based on diisopropyl ether as a raw material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight in the specific embodiment of the invention:

the sum of the mass percentages of the above groups is 100%.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the base oil comprises 95% ethylene glycol di-t-butyl ether and 5% diisopropyl ether.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the detergents are 2-hydroxypropyl butyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

In the specific embodiment of the invention, the dispersant is composed of polyisobutylene diimide 50% and alkenyl succinimide 50% in mass ratio.

In the specific embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant is prepared by compounding 50% of thiadiazo and 50% of p-hydroxy diphenylamine by mass ratio.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the diisopropyl ether is added into the fuel, so that the anti-knock performance and the octane number of the fuel are obviously improved; the table for comparing the antiknock performance and octane number of the gasoline with the traditional laminated fuel oil or alcohol regulated gasoline is shown as the following table I:

TABLE I octane index and antiknock performance index table for different blending components in fuel oil

Regulating component	ROM/MON	Antiknock index	Sensitivity of the device
				Superimposed gasoline	93～99/80～83	86.5～91	13～16
Methanol	106～112/90～92	98～102	135.5
				Gas alcohol	110/90	100	132.5
Diisopropyl ether	102.5/98.9	105	105

As shown in Table I, diisopropyl ether has high antiknock performance and can effectively resist the antiknock performance and the combustion performance of fuel oil.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, a dispersion vessel 100, a reaction vessel 200 and a desorption column 300 for preparing ethylene glycol di-t-butyl ether and diisopropyl ether are further included.

In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the dispersion kettle 100 includes a kettle body 1 with an inner cavity, a driving motor 10 installed on the outer wall of the top of the kettle body 1, a rotating shaft 13 arranged inside the kettle body 1, and a rotating base 18; the kettle body 1 is provided with a feeding hole 11 and a discharging hole 12; a motor shaft 101 of the driving motor 10 penetrates into the inner cavity of the kettle body 1 and is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft 13; the rotating shaft 13 is sequentially provided with a dispersion disc 14, a dispersion disc 15 and a rotating slurry 16 from top to bottom; a fixed shaft 17 is arranged on the upper surface of the dispersion disc 15; the fixed shaft 17 is provided with a rotating fan blade 171, and the rotating fan blade 171 is rotatably connected with the fixed shaft 17; the upper rotating seat 18 is divided into an upper seat 181 and a lower seat 182, the upper seat 181 is rotatably connected with the lower seat 182, the upper seat 181 is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft 13 far away from the driving motor 10 and rotates along with the rotating shaft 13, and the lower seat 182 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the kettle body 1; and a pressure valve 19 is arranged on the discharge hole 12 of the kettle body 1.

In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the reaction kettle 200 includes a reaction kettle body 2 provided with an inner cavity, the reaction kettle body 2 is provided with a feed inlet 21, a discharge outlet 22 and a water outlet 23 which are communicated with the inner cavity, the discharge outlet 22 and the water outlet 23 are both provided with a stop valve 24, the reaction kettle 200 further includes a cleaning mechanism 25 for cleaning the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body 2, the cleaning mechanism 25 includes a water storage tank 251 fixedly installed on the reaction kettle body 2, a drainage tube 252 and a water spray pipe 253 which are arranged in the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body 2, and one end of the drainage tube 252 passes through the side wall of the reaction kettle body 2 and is communicated with the water storage tank 251; the other end of the drainage tube 252 is communicated with a water spray pipe 253; an electromagnetic valve 254 is arranged on the drainage tube 252; a plurality of uniformly distributed water spraying holes 26 are formed in the side wall of the water spraying pipe 253; the reaction kettle body 2 is also provided with a water body rolling device 27; the water body rolling device 27 comprises three motors 271, a large rolling frame 272 arranged in the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body 2 and small propellers 273; the output ends of motor shafts of the three motors 271 penetrate into the inner cavity of the reaction kettle body along the side wall of the reaction kettle body and are fixedly connected with the center of the large rolling frame; and the small propeller is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the large rolling frame far away from the three motors.

In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the desorption tower 300 includes a tower body 3, and an evaporator 31, a first filler section 32, a second filler section 33, a feed distributor 34, a mist-trapping layer filler section 35 and a cleaning liquid spray device 36 are sequentially arranged in the tower body 3 from bottom to top; the evaporator 31 is of a multi-tube structure, and an air outlet 38 is formed in the tower top; the cleaning liquid spraying device 36 is arranged above the mist catching layer filling section 35; a rich liquid inlet 37 of the tower body 3 is connected with a feed distributor 34, a circulating lean liquid inlet 38 of the tower body is connected with an evaporator 31, and a circulating lean liquid steam inlet 311 and a circulating lean liquid outlet I312 are sequentially arranged below the evaporator 31 from top to bottom; a barren liquor outlet 313 and a second circulating barren liquor outlet 314 are formed in the lower bottom of the tower body 3; a gas-liquid distributor 39 is arranged between the first packing section 32 and the second packing section 33.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a crystallization filtering device 400 for filtering crystals generated by distillation in the desorption tower 300; the crystallization filtering device 400 comprises a box body 401, a crystal box 402 and a filter plate 403 which is obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the box body 401; the filter plate 403 is provided with a waste port on the side wall of the box 401 at the lowest position of the box; the waste port communicates with crystal box 402 through waste pipe 404.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the dispersing device is provided with the dispersing kettle, the dispersing kettle can effectively disperse materials through the dispersing disc, the rotating shaft of the dispersing kettle is provided with the dispersing disc, and the dispersing disc is provided with the rotating fan blades; the raw materials is after being dispersed by the dispersion dish, stirs the stoste to rotatory flabellum department forms little swirl, can let raw materials stirring more even like this, and the dispersion effect has very big improvement, in addition be provided with the pressure valve on the discharge gate of the cauldron body, only when the raw materials in the dispersion kettle is sufficient, the last pressure valve of dispersion kettle opens and closes after the certain time, prevents that certain raw materials from losing in the production process, and the problem that the purity is not high appears in the finished product that leads to preparing, indirectly improves fuel quality.

1. Through setting up reation kettle, be provided with the belt cleaning device that can wash the reation kettle inner wall in reation kettle, after single finished product processing is accomplished, belt cleaning device can have with cauldron internal wall sanitization through the water spray, improves the finished product quality with this mode, prevents the internal wall of cauldron from corroding simultaneously.

2. Simultaneously be provided with greatly in reation kettle body inner chamber and roll will, when needs wash reation kettle body inner chamber, at first can wash by water this internal water of reation kettle through belt cleaning device, the frame that rolls greatly this moment can be with the inside clear water of reation kettle just those high-speed rotations to realize with the effect of cauldron internal wall sanitization, further improve off-the-shelf quality.

3. By arranging a desorption tower, in the process of preparing the diisopropyl ether, propylene reacts with sulfuric acid to generate isopropyl hydrogen sulfate, and then is hydrolyzed into isopropanol. During the reaction, isopropyl hydrogen sulfate and propylene react continuously to produce diisopropyl sulfate, which reacts with isopropanol to produce isopropyl hydrogen sulfate and diisopropyl ether. When the material after the sulfuric acid hydration reaction is stripped by steam in a desorption tower, isopropanol and diisopropyl ether are released from acid liquor, and the diisopropyl ether is obtained from an air outlet hole at the top of the tower through distillation, and the diisopropyl ether are obtained through distillation, so that the purity of the diisopropyl ether is higher, the phenomenon that redundant sulfuric acid or isopropyl ether exists in the isopropyl ether due to the fact that the isopropyl ether and the diisopropyl ether are obtained through a traditional method for preparing the isopropyl ether by using sulfuric acid to dehydrate is avoided, the quality of fuel oil is improved, the quality problem of the fuel oil is prevented, and the use safety is improved.

4. The filtering device is connected to the discharge hole of the desorption tower, so that direct discharge of chemicals generated in the distillation process is prevented, resource waste is prevented, and environmental pollution can be prevented.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.