阅读说明：本技术 负电容器件和负电感器件及包括其的电路 (Negative capacitance device, negative inductance device, and circuit including the same ) 是由 陆俊 于 2019-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及负电容器件和负电感器件及包括其的电路。根据一实施例,提供一种负电容器件,其具有第一端和第二端。所述负电容器件包括：第一运算放大器,具有第一同相输入端、第一反相输入端、以及第一输出端,所述第一同相输入端连接到所述负电容器件的第一端,所述第一反相输入端连接到所述负电容器件的第二端；第一电容器,连接在所述第一运算放大器的第一同相输入端与第一输出端之间；第一电阻器,连接在所述第一运算放大器的第一反相输入端与第一输出端之间；以及第二电阻器,连接在所述第一运算放大器的第一反相输入端与所述负电容器件的第二端之间。(The invention relates to a negative capacitance device and a negative inductance device and a circuit including the same. According to an embodiment, a negative capacitor element is provided having a first end and a second end. The negative capacitor element includes: a first operational amplifier having a first non-inverting input terminal connected to a first terminal of the negative capacitance device, a first inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative capacitance device, and a first output terminal; a first capacitor connected between a first non-inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; a first resistor connected between a first inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a second resistor connected between the first inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second terminal of the negative capacitance device.)

1. A negative capacitor piece having a first end and a second end, the negative capacitor piece comprising:

a first operational amplifier having a first non-inverting input terminal connected to a first terminal of the negative capacitance device, a first inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative capacitance device, and a first output terminal;

a first capacitor connected between a first non-inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier;

a first resistor connected between a first inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and

a second resistor connected between the first inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second terminal of the negative capacitance device.

2. The negative capacitance device of claim 1, wherein the negative capacitance device is a polar device, the first terminal is an input terminal, and the second terminal is an output terminal.

3. The negative capacitor piece of claim 1, further comprising:

a second operational amplifier having a second non-inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative capacitance device, a second inverting input terminal connected to an end of the second resistor opposite to the first operational amplifier, and a second output terminal;

a third resistor connected between the second inverting input terminal and the second output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and

a second capacitor connected between the second non-inverting input and the second output of the second operational amplifier.

4. The negative capacitance device of claim 3, wherein the negative capacitance device is a non-polar device, and either one of the first terminal and the second terminal serves as an input terminal and the other serves as an output terminal.

5. A negative inductive device having a first terminal and a second terminal, the negative inductive device comprising:

a first operational amplifier having a first non-inverting input terminal connected to a first terminal of the negative inductance device, a first inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative inductance device, and a first output terminal;

a first inductor connected between a first non-inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier;

a first resistor connected between a first inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and

a second resistor connected between the first inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second terminal of the negative inductance device.

6. The negative inductor of claim 5 wherein the negative inductor is a polar device, the first terminal is an input terminal and the second terminal is an output terminal.

7. The negative inductor device of claim 5 further comprising:

a second operational amplifier having a second non-inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative inductance device, a second inverting input terminal connected to an end of the second resistor opposite to the first operational amplifier, and a second output terminal;

a third resistor connected between the second inverting input terminal and the second output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and

a second inductor connected between a second non-inverting input terminal and a second output terminal of the second operational amplifier.

8. The negative inductor of claim 7 wherein the negative inductor is a non-polar device, and either one of the first terminal and the second terminal serves as an input terminal and the other serves as an output terminal.

9. A circuit comprising at least one of the negative capacitor device of any one of claims 1 to 4 and the negative inductor device of any one of claims 5 to 8.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to the field of electronic components and, more particularly, to a negative capacitor element and a negative inductor element, and a circuit including at least one of them.

Background

Compensation is a matching method often used in a circuit to allow a circuit system to operate within a reasonable range to a greater extent, wherein compensation of reactance or susceptance is an important compensation means in impedance matching to achieve transmission, storage, release and absorption of electric energy. A common compensation element for reactance or susceptance is a conventional capacitor or inductor having a positive capacitance or inductance, but if the circuit to be compensated already presents an excess of positive capacitance or inductance, the conventional capacitor or inductor cannot be used. The impedance phases of the inductor and the capacitor are 90 degrees and-90 degrees respectively, but the impedance modes of the inductor and the capacitor are linearly increased and inversely decreased respectively along with the increase of the frequency, so that the impedance modes of the inductor and the capacitor cannot compensate each other in principle. In this case, if a negative inductance or a negative capacitance is used, that is, the mode dependence of the impedance along with the frequency is consistent with that of the normal inductance and the normal capacitance, but the impedance phase is just opposite to that of the normal inductance or the normal capacitance, the circuit system can be correctly compensated. However, the technical means for realizing negative inductance or negative capacitance disclosed at present are not uncommon, such as non-linear Materials (a.i. khan et al, Nature Materials 2015,14,182) or special field effect elements (b.o. analog et al, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2018,65, 5157).

On the other hand, artificial intelligence is always a hot field of scientific research, and particularly, with the development of the fields such as machine learning and neural network, the scientific research in the field of artificial intelligence has been advanced greatly in recent years. The ultimate goal of artificial intelligence is to develop brain-like devices that can mimic the operation of the human brain, thereby producing "thinking" and "intelligence". One possible approach is to simulate the operation of the human brain through hardware circuits, which presents a significant challenge to the field of current electronic components. Current basic electronic components include resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, etc., which may be combined to form basic devices such as amplifiers, filters, inverters, adders, multipliers, etc., which in turn may be combined into circuits to achieve more complex functions. However, the complexity of the human brain far exceeds the complexity of the current circuit, and the current electronic components and circuits are far from sufficient for simulating various functions of the human brain, and new electronic components and circuits need to be developed. For example, local compensation simulates the memory or transfer weight control operation of a neuron, and the negative capacitance and negative inductance devices will give efficient compensation to the simulation system.

Therefore, as a basic element innovation and future technical reserve for simulating human brain through a hardware circuit, development of more novel electronic components and circuits, including negative capacitance, negative inductance and the like, has become a technical need.

Disclosure of Invention

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a negative capacitor element having a first terminal and a second terminal, the negative capacitor element comprising: a first operational amplifier having a first non-inverting input terminal connected to a first terminal of the negative capacitance device, a first inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative capacitance device, and a first output terminal; a first capacitor connected between a first non-inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; a first resistor connected between a first inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a second resistor connected between the first inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second terminal of the negative capacitance device.

In some examples, the negative capacitance device is a polar device, the first terminal is an input terminal, and the second terminal is an output terminal.

In some examples, the negative capacitance device further includes: a second operational amplifier having a second non-inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative capacitance device, a second inverting input terminal connected to an end of the second resistor opposite to the first operational amplifier, and a second output terminal; a third resistor connected between the second inverting input terminal and the second output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and a second capacitor connected between the second non-inverting input terminal and the second output terminal of the second operational amplifier.

In some examples, the negative capacitor element is a non-polar device, and either one of the first terminal and the second terminal serves as an input terminal and the other serves as an output terminal.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a negative inductor device having a first terminal and a second terminal, the negative inductor device comprising: a first operational amplifier having a first non-inverting input terminal connected to a first terminal of the negative inductance device, a first inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative inductance device, and a first output terminal; a first inductor connected between a first non-inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; a first resistor connected between a first inverting input terminal and a first output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a second resistor connected between the first inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the second terminal of the negative inductance device.

In some examples, the negative inductance device is a polarity device, the first terminal is an input terminal, and the second terminal is an output terminal.

In some examples, the negative inductance device further includes: a second operational amplifier having a second non-inverting input terminal connected to a second terminal of the negative inductance device, a second inverting input terminal connected to an end of the second resistor opposite to the first operational amplifier, and a second output terminal; a third resistor connected between the second inverting input terminal and the second output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and a second inductor connected between a second non-inverting input terminal and a second output terminal of the second operational amplifier.

In some examples, the negative inductance device is a non-polar device, and either one of the first terminal and the second terminal serves as an input terminal and the other serves as an output terminal.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a circuit including at least one of the above-described negative capacitance device and negative inductance device.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a negative capacitance element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a negative capacitance element according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of simulation results for the negative capacitance device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a negative inductance device according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a negative inductance device according to another embodiment of the invention; and

fig. 6 is a graph of simulation results for the negative inductance device of fig. 5.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, example embodiments according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the drawings may not be to scale. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments of the present application, which are not limited to the example embodiments described herein.

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a negative capacitance element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown In fig. 1, the negative capacitance device 10 has an input terminal In and an output terminal Out, which is shown as ground In fig. 1, although it may be connected to other nodes In the circuit.

The negative capacitor device 10 of fig. 1 comprises an operational amplifier OP₁Capacitor C₁And a resistor R₀And R₁. Operational amplifier OP₁May be connected to the input terminal In and the inverting input terminal may be connected to the input terminal In via a resistor R₀Connected to the output Out. Capacitor C₁Connected to an operational amplifier OP₁Between the non-inverting input and the output, a resistor R₁Connected to an operational amplifier OP₁Between the inverting input and the output. In fig. 1, an operational amplifier OP is provided₁Inverting input terminal of (3), resistor R₀And a resistor R₁The connecting node between the three is shown as N₁。

It should be understood that in this application, when referring to a "capacitor," it refers to a conventional capacitor having a positive capacitance; only when referring to a "negative capacitance device" it refers to a capacitance device having a negative capacitance.

The operating principle of the negative capacitor element 10 of fig. 1 is explained below. Assuming that an ac input voltage Vin is applied to the input terminal In of the negative capacitance device 10, the operational amplifier OP₁Has a voltage of V at the output terminal₁The voltage at the inverting input terminal is V₂. Based on the 'virtual short' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₁Is short-circuited between the non-inverting input and the inverting input, the voltages of which are approximately equal, i.e. Vin-V₂(ii) a Then, according to the 'virtual break' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₁Is open-circuited between the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal, corresponding to the resistor R₁And R₀Connected in series, i.e. with equal current flowing through them, I_R1＝I_R0. From this, the following equation 1 can be determined:

then, flows through the capacitor C₁Current of (I)_C1Comprises the following steps:

wherein Z is_C1Is a capacitor C₁The impedance of (c).

Then, according to the 'virtual break' analysis of the operational amplifier, the equivalent current I flowing through the whole negative capacitance device 10_effIs equal to the current flowing through the capacitor C₁Current of (I)_C1Then, the equivalent impedance Z of the entire negative capacitance device 10 can be determined_eff＝-Z_C1·R₀/R₁Equivalent capacitance C_eff＝-C₁·R₁/R₀I.e. device 10 is a negative capacitance device.

It should be understood that the above negative capacitance device 10 is a polar device, where "polar" means that the input of the negative capacitance device 10 is directional, and the input In and the output Out are not used interchangeably; if interchanged, device 10 does not exhibit negative capacitance properties. A negative capacitor device 20 according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is a non-polar device, i.e., whose input and output terminals may be used interchangeably, will be described below with reference to fig. 2.

As shown in fig. 2, the negative capacitor element 20 is substantially comprised with respect to the resistor R₀Two negative capacitance devices 10 are arranged mirror-symmetrically. Here, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only different elements will be described below. The negative capacitance device 20 further includes an operational amplifier OP₂Having its inverting input connected to the resistor R₀And the positive input terminal is connected to the output terminal Out of the negative capacitance device 20. Resistor R₂Connected to an operational amplifier OP₂Between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal, a capacitor C₂Connected to an operational amplifier OP₂Between the output terminal and the non-inverting input terminal. In fig. 2, an operational amplifier OP is provided₂Inverting input terminal of (3), resistor R₀And a resistor R₂The connecting node between is shown as N₂。

The operation principle of the negative capacitance device 20 is similar to that of the negative capacitance device 10. Based on the 'virtual short' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₂Is short-circuited between the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal, so that node N₂The voltage at can be regarded as equal to zero, the operational amplifier OP₂Inactivated, the equivalent impedance and equivalent capacitance of the entire negative capacitance device 20 are the same as the negative capacitance device 10 analyzed above.

Unlike negative capacitor member 10, negative capacitor member 20 has a symmetrical arrangement, so its input In and output Out are used interchangeably, with negative capacitor member 20 still exhibiting negative capacitance properties when interchanged. For example, when the In terminal of fig. 2 is grounded and the Out segment receives the input voltage Vin, the equivalent impedance Z of the negative capacitor device 20_eff＝-Z_C2·R₀/R₂Equivalent capacitance C_eff＝-C₂·R₂/R₀I.e., device 20 is still a negative capacitor device.

Fig. 3 is a graph of simulation results of the negative capacitance device 20 of fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 3, the device 20 has an equivalent negative capacitance.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment in accordance with the inventionThe circuit diagram of the negative inductance device 30 of the embodiment. It can be seen that the negative inductor device 30 of fig. 4 is substantially the same as the negative capacitor device 10 of fig. 1, except with inductor L₁Replace a capacitor C₁Therefore, the circuit configuration of the negative inductance device 30 will not be described repeatedly here.

The principle of operation of the negative inductor device 30 of fig. 4 is explained below. Assuming that an ac input voltage Vin is applied to the input terminal In of the negative inductance device 30, the operational amplifier OP₁Has a voltage of V at the output terminal₁The voltage at the inverting input terminal is V₂. Based on the 'virtual short' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₁Is short-circuited between the non-inverting input and the inverting input, the voltages of which are approximately equal, i.e. Vin-V₂(ii) a Then, according to the 'virtual break' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₁Is open-circuited between the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal, corresponding to the resistor R₁And R₀Connected in series, i.e. with equal current flowing through them, I_R1＝I_R0. From this, the following equation 3 can be determined:

then, flows through the inductor L₁Current of (I)_L1Comprises the following steps:

wherein Z is_L1Is an inductor L₁The impedance of (c).

Then, according to the 'virtual break' analysis of the operational amplifier, the equivalent current I flowing through the whole negative inductance device 30_effIs equal to the current flowing through the inductor L₁Current of (I)_L1Then the equivalent impedance Z of the entire negative inductance device 30 can be determined_eff＝-Z_L1·R₀/R₁Equivalent inductance L_eff＝-L₁·R₀/R₁I.e. device 30 is a negative inductance device.

It should be understood that, similar to the negative capacitance device 10, the above negative inductance device 30 is also a polar device, i.e., its input terminal In and output terminal Out are not used interchangeably; if interchanged, device 30 does not exhibit negative inductance properties.

Fig. 5 shows a negative inductor device 40 according to another embodiment of the invention, which is a non-polar device, i.e. its input and output may be used interchangeably. As can be seen from fig. 5, negative inductor device 40 is substantially the same as negative capacitor device 20 of fig. 2, except that inductor L is used₁And L₂Respectively replace a capacitor C₁And C₂Therefore, the circuit configuration of the negative inductance device 40 will not be described repeatedly here.

The operation principle of the negative inductor device 40 is similar to that of the negative inductor device 30. Based on the 'virtual short' analysis of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier OP₂Is short-circuited between the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal, so that node N₂The voltage at can be regarded as equal to zero, the operational amplifier OP₂Deactivated, the equivalent impedance and equivalent capacitance of the entire negative inductor device 40 is the same as the negative inductor device 30 analyzed above.

Unlike negative inductive device 30, negative inductive device 40 has a symmetrical arrangement, so its input In and output Out can be used interchangeably, with negative inductive device 40 still exhibiting negative inductive properties when interchanged. For example, when the In terminal of fig. 5 is grounded and the Out segment receives the input voltage Vin, the equivalent impedance Z of the negative inductance device 40_eff＝-Z_L2·R₀/R₂Equivalent inductance L_eff＝-L₂·R₀/R₂I.e. device 40 is still a negative inductive device.

FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation results for negative inductive device 40 of FIG. 5, where Vin is the input voltage, I_effIs the equivalent current, I, of the negative inductance device 40_L'Is the current of the conventional inductive device at the input voltage Vin. Current curve I through FIG. 6_effAnd I_L'It can be seen that device 40 has an equivalent negative inductance.

It is understood that the negative capacitance device and the negative inductance device of the present invention may be used in circuits of various electronic devices, including but not limited to, for example, existing circuits and circuits developed in the future, for example, to simulate the operation of the human brain, which also fall within the scope of the present invention.

The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.

The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems referred to in this application are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".

It should also be noted that in the devices, apparatuses, and methods of the present application, the components or steps may be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be considered as equivalents of the present application.

The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.