阅读说明：本技术 一种烟叶烘烤过程中霉烂病防治新方法 (Novel method for preventing and treating mildew rot in tobacco leaf baking process ) 是由 蔡永占 何月秋 吴毅歆 何鹏飞 何鹏搏 符宗伟 韩小女 于 2020-07-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公布一种烟叶烘烤过程中霉烂病防治新方法,涉及植物病害防治技术领域。该方法在烤烟烘烤前,对已捆绑挂竿的烟叶叶柄端部喷施40％～70％酒精,晾干后,再放入烟叶烤房烘烤。本发明方法对烘烤过程中烟叶霉烂病的平均相对防效可达100％,防治效果好,见效快,操作简便,成本低廉,且无毒、无污染、无残留,是一简单易于推广的方法。(The invention discloses a novel method for preventing and treating rotten diseases in a tobacco leaf baking process, and relates to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. Before flue-cured tobacco is cured, 40-70% alcohol is sprayed on the end part of a tobacco stalk which is bound with a hanging rod, and the tobacco stalk is dried and then is put into a tobacco curing room for curing. The method has the average relative prevention effect on the rotten diseases of the tobacco leaves in the baking process of 100 percent, has good prevention and treatment effect, quick response, simple and convenient operation, low cost, no toxicity, no pollution and no residue, and is a simple and easy-to-popularize method.)

1. A novel method for preventing and treating rotten diseases in the tobacco leaf baking process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

before the tobacco leaves are baked, alcohol is sprayed on the end parts of the tobacco leaf stalks bound on the hanging rods, and the tobacco leaves are placed into a tobacco leaf baking room for baking after being dried.

2. The novel method for preventing and treating the rotten diseases in the tobacco leaf baking process according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol concentration is 40-70%.

3. The novel method for preventing and treating the mildew disease in the tobacco leaf baking process according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is sprayed in an amount to moisten the end of the stem of the tobacco leaf.

4. The novel method for preventing and treating the mildew disease in the tobacco leaf baking process according to claim 1, wherein the air-dried tobacco leaves are air-dried indoors.

5. The novel method for preventing and treating the mildew disease in the tobacco leaf baking process according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco leaf is placed into the tobacco leaf baking room for baking, and the tobacco leaf is placed into the 3 rd layer or the 4 th layer of the common airflow ascending type 4-layer intensive baking room for baking.

6. The novel method for controlling rotten diseases in the tobacco flue-curing process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alcohol is edible alcohol.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant protection and plant disease control, in particular to a method for controlling mildew and rot of tobacco leaves in a tobacco leaf baking process.

Background

The tobacco leaves are used as photosynthesis products and are rich in nutrient substances such as saccharides, proteins and the like, partial petioles of the tobacco leaves are mildewed in the baking process, and partial leaves of the tobacco leaves are mildewed in serious conditions, namely the rotten diseases of the tobacco leaves. In the baking process, the tobacco leaves are mildewed at the tobacco tying line at the base of the tobacco leaves and gradually develop towards the two ends, and the main veins of the serious tobacco leaves are mildewed and rotten, and the leaves are mildewed. The mildew color on the petiole is mainly brown, the leaves are yellow and brown, and most leaves are steamed or pickled. Zeng Ting Teng and so on identified the pathogenic bacteria of rotten tobacco leaves in the curing period, and confirmed that the rotten tobacco leaves in the curing period are the infectious diseases caused by Rhizopus oryzae (Rhizopus oryzae Went et Geerligs). When the tobacco leaves are rotten, macromolecular substances in the leaves are degraded by microorganisms, and the content of small molecular substances such as free amino acid and the like can be obviously changed.

In the 2010 Yunnan province, the tobacco leaf area planted with the Honghuadajinyuan is reported, the petioles are mildewed in the tobacco leaf baking process to cause great loss, and particularly, the tobacco leaf area is more serious in the mature harvest and baking period in the low-temperature rainy days. Investigation in a part of flue-cured tobacco production areas in Fujian province also discovers that the tobacco leaves are mildewed and rotten in the curing and yellowing stage, the mildewed and rotten tobacco leaves basically lose the utilization value, and the mildew rate of the tobacco leaves in the curing period of a certain curing barn reaches over 50 percent, so that serious loss is brought to tobacco growers. In recent years, tobacco rot and mildew during baking become one of the important economic losses in baking links of partial tobacco areas in south China, such as Fujian, Yunnan, Guangxi and the like, and the yield and the quality of the tobacco are seriously influenced.

At present, few technical reports about the prevention and treatment of tobacco leaf mildew during baking are reported. Sujiann and the like adopt pesticide bactericides such as chlorothalonil, carbendazim, first frost manganese zinc and the like to have better prevention and control effects on petiole mildew in the baking period of Honghuadajinyuan. Sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, sorbic acid and other mildew inhibitors are commonly used in tobacco production, but only can inhibit the growth of part of moulds, and the bacteriostasis effect is small. The Wangyongwan and the like effectively prevent and treat the mildew and rot disease of the tobacco leaves during the baking period by using the chlorine dioxide and the trichloroisocyanuric acid, but the content of chlorine ions in the tobacco leaves is often overproof by using the method to prevent and treat the mildew and rot disease during the baking process. At present, the use of nontoxic, efficient and green medicaments in the baking process is not involved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a green method for preventing and treating the mildew and rot of the tobacco leaves in the tobacco leaf baking process. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a novel method for preventing and treating rotten diseases in the tobacco leaf baking process comprises the following steps:

before the tobacco leaves are baked, alcohol is sprayed on the end parts of the tobacco leaf stalks bound on the hanging rods, and the tobacco leaves are placed into a tobacco leaf baking room for baking after being dried. The air-dried film is air-dried indoors or air-dried in a shade place to avoid sun exposure.

Preferably, the alcohol concentration used is 40% to 70%.

Preferably, the alcohol is sprayed in an amount to moisten the end of the tobacco leaf stalk.

Preferably, the alcohol is edible alcohol.

And (3) putting the tobacco leaves sprayed with the alcohol and dried and the hanging rods binding the tobacco leaves into the 3 rd layer or the 4 th layer of a common airflow ascending type 4-layer intensive curing barn for curing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the method of the invention sprays edible alcohol on the end part of the tobacco leaf stalk to be baked before baking the tobacco leaves, which can effectively inhibit the growth of rhizopus oryzae and comprehensively achieve the purpose of preventing the mildew and rot of the tobacco leaves, and the average relative prevention effect on the mildew and rot of the tobacco leaves in the baking process can reach 100 percent.

2. The tobacco leaves are food, the invention selects edible alcohol to ensure green safety, and the method of the invention only sprays the end part of the tobacco leaf stalk with the edible alcohol, thereby greatly saving the consumption of the edible alcohol, saving the cost and avoiding the pollution caused by adopting chemical pesticide.

3. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, no harm to tobacco leaves, safety, no toxicity, no residue, easy popularization and the like.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be specific to conventional methods.