阅读说明：本技术 一种油页岩干馏装置以及干馏方法 (Oil shale dry distillation device and dry distillation method ) 是由 王庆元 汤奕婷 于清江 于 2020-07-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种油页岩干馏装置及其干馏方法,所述装置包括循环连接的热载体循环再生单元、干馏单元以及烧炭单元；所述热载体循环再生单元的烟气出口与所述干馏单元的油页岩粉入口相连,所述干馏单元的固体出口与所述烧炭单元的固体入口相连,所述烧炭单元的烟气出口与所述热载体循环再生单元的气体入口相连。所述装置及方法通过将固体热载体与气体热载体合理串联,有效利用固体热载体和气体热载体工艺各自优势,对油页岩进行高效干馏。这种流化干馏方式可以控制温度在合适的范围内,可以保障油页岩的干馏时间,使干馏过程能够更加充分,从而能够获得更多的页岩油产品。(The invention provides an oil shale dry distillation device and a dry distillation method thereof, wherein the device comprises a heat carrier circulation regeneration unit, a dry distillation unit and a charcoal burning unit which are in circulation connection; the flue gas outlet of the heat carrier circulation and regeneration unit is connected with the oil shale powder inlet of the dry distillation unit, the solid outlet of the dry distillation unit is connected with the solid inlet of the charcoal burning unit, and the flue gas outlet of the charcoal burning unit is connected with the gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation and regeneration unit. According to the device and the method, the solid heat carrier and the gas heat carrier are reasonably connected in series, and the respective advantages of the solid heat carrier and the gas heat carrier are effectively utilized to carry out high-efficiency dry distillation on the oil shale. The fluidized dry distillation mode can control the temperature within a proper range, can ensure the dry distillation time of the oil shale, and can ensure that the dry distillation process is more sufficient, thereby obtaining more shale oil products.)

1. The oil shale dry distillation device is characterized by comprising a heat carrier circulation regeneration unit, a dry distillation unit and a charcoal burning unit which are in circulation connection;

the flue gas outlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit is connected with the oil shale powder inlet of the dry distillation unit, the solid outlet of the dry distillation unit is connected with the solid inlet of the charcoal burning unit, and the flue gas outlet of the charcoal burning unit is connected with the gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit;

an oil gas outlet of the dry distillation unit is connected with a feed inlet of the oil gas recovery unit;

the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit is connected with the dry distillation unit through a drying riser, and an oil shale powder feeding hole is formed in the drying riser;

the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit comprises a reheater, a first inclined pipe, a heating riser, an expanding separator and a second inclined pipe, wherein a solid heat carrier outlet of the reheater is connected with a gas heat carrier inlet of the carbonization unit sequentially through the first inclined pipe, the heating riser and the expanding separator, and a solid outlet of the expanding separator is connected with the solid heat carrier inlet of the reheater through the second inclined pipe.

2. The oil shale dry distillation device according to claim 1, wherein a waste heat recovery system is arranged between the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit and the oil shale powder feeding port;

preferably, a first gas-solid separation device is arranged between the oil shale powder feeding hole and the dry distillation unit, and a solid outlet of the first gas-solid separation device is connected with an oil shale powder inlet of the dry distillation unit;

preferably, the gas outlet of the first gas-solid separation device is connected to a cooling device.

3. The oil shale retorting apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the retorting unit is a fluidized retorting vessel;

preferably, a partition is arranged in the fluidized dry distiller and divides the fluidized dry distiller into a first dry distillation section and a second dry distillation section, and gas heat carrier inlets are respectively and independently arranged at the bottoms of the first dry distillation section and the second dry distillation section.

4. The oil shale retorting apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a dust removal device is arranged between the oil gas outlet of the retorting unit and the feed inlet of the oil gas recovery unit;

preferably, the oil gas recovery unit comprises a fractionation device, a gas phase outlet is arranged at the top of the fractionation device, and the gas phase outlet is connected with a gas phase outflow pipeline;

preferably, the gas phase outflow pipeline is divided into two branches, one branch is used for extracting a dry distillation gas product, and the other branch is connected with the heating riser pipe and used for providing a gas heat carrier for the dry distillation unit;

preferably, a product outlet is arranged at the bottom of the fractionating device, and shale oil is produced from the product outlet;

preferably, the bottom of the fractionation unit is provided with a quenching unit.

5. The oil shale dry distillation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a second gas-solid separation device is arranged between the flue gas outlet of the char-combusting unit and the gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit;

preferably, the shale ash outlet of the coal burning unit is connected with an external heat extraction controller;

preferably, the outer heat extraction controller be provided with first shale ash export and second shale ash export, first shale ash export links to each other with cooling device, the shale ash is as product output after cooling device cools off, second shale ash export with the shale ash entry of burning charcoal unit links to each other.

6. The oil shale retorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an air delivery unit is provided, and an air outlet of the air delivery unit is independently connected with a gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit and a gas inlet of the char burning unit, respectively.

7. An oil shale retorting method using the oil shale retorting apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, the retorting method comprising the steps of:

(1) the oil shale powder enters a drying lifting pipe to be mixed with the flue gas output by the reheater to dry and lift the oil shale powder, and the oil shale powder enters the dry distillation unit after gas-solid separation;

(2) after the dried oil shale powder is mixed and fluidized with the gas heat carrier in the dry distillation unit, oil gas generated after two-stage dry distillation enters an oil gas recovery unit to produce a shale oil product, and the generated solid enters a charcoal burning unit;

(3) and (2) after the solid is combusted by the charcoal burning unit, the generated flue gas enters a heat carrier circulation regeneration unit, the flue gas is heated by the solid heat carrier in a reheater, the solid heat carrier is heated by the gas heat carrier in the heating riser, and the gas heat carrier enters the dry distillation unit to heat the dried oil shale powder and then dry the oil shale powder.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the average particle size of the oil shale powder of step (1) is not more than 1 mm;

preferably, the temperature of the mixed materials in the drying riser pipe in the step (1) is 100-150 ℃.

9. The process according to claim 7, wherein the second stage of retorting of step (2) comprises a first stage of retorting carried out in the first stage of retorting and a second stage of retorting carried out in the second stage of retorting;

preferably, the temperature of the first-stage dry distillation is 450-500 ℃;

preferably, the temperature of the second-stage dry distillation is 480-550 ℃;

preferably, the total time of the second-stage dry distillation is 0.5-10 min.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the burning of the charcoal burning unit in the step (3) is 600-800 ℃;

preferably, the temperature of the reheater in the step (3) is 650-750 ℃, and the pressure is not more than 0.5 MPaG;

preferably, the average particle size of the solid heat carrier of step (3) is not more than 3 mm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of shale oil production, and relates to an oil shale dry distillation device and a dry distillation method.

Background

The reserves of the oil shale in China are very rich, and the oil shale belongs to unconventional oil and gas resources. In recent years, the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources are more and more emphasized in China, and in the latest industry structure adjustment guide catalogue, the development and utilization of oil shale is listed as an encouraging project.

The main direction of development and utilization of oil shale is retorting oil production, the retorting is divided into aboveground retorting and underground retorting, and the oil shale retorting in China is mainly aboveground retorting at the present stage. The above-ground dry distillation is divided into a gas heat carrier process and a solid heat carrier process according to different heat transfer modes. The gas heat carrier process has developed into a mainstream production process for shale dry distillation industrial production due to simple flow, mature technology and stable operation. Compared with the gas heat carrier process, the solid heat carrier process is not widely applied in the industry, but because the solid heat carrier process has the unique advantages of large heat capacity, high heat transfer efficiency, easy realization of large scale and the like, the solid heat carrier process is gradually becoming an important direction for shale dry distillation research and development. At present, the technologies of industrial production or industrial experiment completion of the solid heat carrier process are Gelotte furnace technology of Isania, ATP technology of Australia and the like. The industrial operation or experiment of the technologies strongly promotes the development and utilization of the oil shale, and the utilization rate of the oil shale and the recovery rate of shale oil are greatly improved. The solid heat carrier process is continuously innovated, and a plurality of effective technologies which are beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of the shale oil are formed. Due to the reasons that the mechanism of shale pyrolysis is not deeply known, the conditions of industrial facilities are insufficient and the like, the current solid heat carrier process also has some important problems to be solved. If mechanical faults are more, chemical automation and flow production are difficult to realize; the shale dry distillation efficiency is not high, and the oil recovery is not sufficient; shale residual carbon is not completely combusted, and energy recovery is not sufficient; the production scale of a single device is limited by the capability of equipment, and large-scale production cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the oil shale dry distillation device and the dry distillation method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention aims to provide an oil shale dry distillation device, which comprises a heat carrier circulation regeneration unit, a dry distillation unit and a charcoal burning unit which are in circulation connection;

the flue gas outlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit is connected with the oil shale powder inlet of the dry distillation unit, the solid outlet of the dry distillation unit is connected with the solid inlet of the charcoal burning unit, and the flue gas outlet of the charcoal burning unit is connected with the gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit;

an oil gas outlet of the dry distillation unit is connected with a feed inlet of the oil gas recovery unit;

the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit is connected with the dry distillation unit through a drying riser, and an oil shale powder feeding hole is formed in the drying riser;

the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit comprises a reheater, a first inclined pipe, a heating riser, an expanding separator and a second inclined pipe, wherein a solid heat carrier outlet of the reheater is connected with a gas heat carrier inlet of the carbonization unit sequentially through the first inclined pipe, the heating riser and the expanding separator, and a solid outlet of the expanding separator is connected with the solid heat carrier inlet of the reheater through the second inclined pipe.

In the invention, the device firstly heats the gas heat carrier by using the solid heat carrier, and the heated dry gas heat carrier is used for dry distillation of the raw oil shale in a bed fluidization mode. The fluidized dry distillation mode can control the temperature within a proper range, can ensure the dry distillation time of the oil shale, and can ensure that the dry distillation process is more sufficient, thereby obtaining more shale oil products.

As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, a waste heat recovery system is arranged between the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit and the oil shale powder feeding hole.

In the present invention, the waste heat recovery system may be any waste heat recovery device known in the art, and will not be described herein again.

Preferably, a first gas-solid separation device is arranged between the oil shale powder feeding hole and the dry distillation unit, and a solid outlet of the first gas-solid separation device is connected with an oil shale powder inlet of the dry distillation unit.

Preferably, the gas outlet of the first gas-solid separation device is connected to a cooling device.

In the invention, the gas obtained by the first gas-solid separation device is discharged after cooling, water separation and other subsequent harmless treatment. The first gas-solid separation device is preferably a cyclone.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the dry distillation unit is a fluidized dry distiller.

Preferably, a partition is arranged in the fluidized dry distiller and divides the fluidized dry distiller into a first dry distillation section and a second dry distillation section, and gas heat carrier inlets are respectively and independently arranged at the bottoms of the first dry distillation section and the second dry distillation section.

As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, a dust removal device is arranged between the oil gas outlet of the dry distillation unit and the feed inlet of the oil gas recovery unit.

Preferably, the oil gas recovery unit comprises a fractionation device, wherein a gas phase outlet is formed in the top of the fractionation device, and the gas phase outlet is connected with a gas phase outflow pipeline.

Preferably, the gas phase outflow pipeline is divided into two branches, one branch is used for extracting the dry distillation gas product, and the other branch is connected with the heating riser pipe and used for providing a gas heat carrier for the dry distillation unit.

In the invention, a tower top cooler, an electric oil trap, a circulating dry distillation air compressor and the like are sequentially arranged from the outlet of the fractionation device to the front of the branch part of the gas phase outflow pipeline.

Preferably, the gas outlet of the gas purification device is divided into two branches, one branch is used for extracting the dry distillation gas product, and the other branch is connected with the heating riser pipe and used for providing a gas heat carrier for the dry distillation unit.

In the invention, the gas heat carrier can be a gas heat carrier obtained by circulating a part of produced dry distillation gas, can also be a gas heat carrier obtained by directly conveying the produced dry distillation gas into a heating riser pipe by an external gas conveying device, and can also be a combination of the produced dry distillation gas and the gas heat carrier, and the gas heat carrier is supplemented by the external gas conveying device when the circulating dry distillation gas amount is insufficient.

Preferably, the bottom of the fractionating device is provided with a product outlet, and the shale oil is extracted from the product outlet.

Preferably, the bottom of the fractionation unit is provided with a quenching unit.

As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, a second gas-solid separation device is arranged between the flue gas outlet of the charcoal burning unit and the gas inlet of the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit.

Preferably, the shale ash outlet of the coal burning unit is connected with an external heat collector.

In the invention, the temperature of the charcoal burning unit is controlled by the external heat collector, and the external heat collector adopts a solid material fluidization heat collecting mode and generates saturated steam of about 1.0 MPaG.

Preferably, the external heat extraction controller is provided with a first shale ash outlet and a second shale ash outlet, the first shale ash outlet is connected with the cooling device, the shale ash is cooled by the cooling device and then is output as a product, and the second shale ash outlet is connected with the shale ash inlet of the charcoal burning unit.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the oil shale dry distillation device is provided with an air delivery unit, and an air outlet of the air delivery unit is respectively and independently connected with a gas inlet of the heat carrier cycle regeneration unit and a gas inlet of the char burning unit.

In the present invention, the air delivery unit may deliver air into the heat carrier circulation regeneration unit and the char-combusting unit, and any gas delivery device may be used, which is not described herein again.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil shale retorting method using the above oil shale retorting apparatus, the retorting method comprising the steps of:

(1) the oil shale powder enters a drying lifting pipe to be mixed with the flue gas output by the reheater to dry and lift the oil shale powder, and the oil shale powder enters the dry distillation unit after gas-solid separation;

(2) after the dried oil shale powder is mixed and fluidized with the gas heat carrier in the dry distillation unit, oil gas generated after two-stage dry distillation enters an oil gas recovery unit to produce a shale oil product, and the generated solid enters a charcoal burning unit;

(3) and (2) after the solid is combusted by the charcoal burning unit, the generated flue gas enters a heat carrier circulation regeneration unit, the flue gas is heated by the solid heat carrier in a reheater, the solid heat carrier is heated by the gas heat carrier in the heating riser, and the gas heat carrier enters the dry distillation unit to heat the dried oil shale powder and then dry the oil shale powder.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil shale powder in step (1) has an average particle size of not more than 1mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm or 0.9mm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.

Preferably, the temperature of the mixed material in the dry riser in the step (1) is 100-150 ℃, such as 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃ or 140 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values in the range of the recited values are also applicable.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second-stage dry distillation in the step (2) includes a first-stage dry distillation in the first-stage dry distillation section and a second-stage dry distillation in the second-stage dry distillation section.

Preferably, the first stage of dry distillation is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 500 ℃, such as 460 ℃, 470 ℃, 480 ℃ or 490 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the recited range are also applicable.

Preferably, the second stage distillation temperature is 480 to 550 ℃, such as 490 ℃, 500 ℃, 510 ℃, 520 ℃, 530 ℃ or 540 ℃, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable.

Preferably, the total time of the two-stage dry distillation is 0.5-10 min, such as 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min or 9min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burning temperature of the charring unit in the step (3) is 600 to 800 ℃, such as 620 ℃, 650 ℃, 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 720 ℃, 750 ℃ or 780 ℃, but not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.

Preferably, the temperature of the reheater in the step (3) is 650 to 750 ℃, such as 660 ℃, 670 ℃, 680 ℃, 690 ℃, 700 ℃, 710 ℃, 720 ℃, 730 ℃ or 740 ℃, and the like; the pressure is not more than 0.5MPaG, such as 0.05MPaG, 0.1MPaG, 0.2MPaG, 0.3MPaG, or 0.4MPaG, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the above numerical ranges are also applicable.

Preferably, the average particle size of the solid heat carrier in step (3) is not more than 3mm, such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm or 2.5mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.

In the invention, after waste heat recovery, high-temperature flue gas at the top of the reheater enters the drying lift pipe to lift and dry the powdery oil shale. The dried shale powder is separated from the flue gas by the cyclone separator and then enters the fluidized dry distiller under the action of gravity, and the flue gas is discharged out of the device after being cooled and the moisture is recovered.

In the invention, shale powder enters a fluidized dry distiller, is fluidized by a high-temperature gas heat carrier and undergoes a dry distillation reaction, dry distillation oil gas and fluidized dry distillation gas mixed gas enter an oil gas recovery system after cyclone dust removal, and shale semicoke is discharged into a char burning unit under the action of gravity. And after the semicoke is completely combusted in the charcoal burning unit, high-temperature flue gas and shale ash are generated, the high-temperature flue gas is separated by a second gas-solid separator and then enters a reheater, and the shale ash enters an external heat taking controller to generate steam. And returning part of the cooled shale ash to the char combustor for controlling the temperature of the char combustor, and feeding the rest of the shale ash through the shale ash cooler to be cooled and then sending the cooled shale ash out of the device as a product.

In the invention, the solid heat carrier in the reheater is fluidized by high-temperature flue gas of the charcoal burning unit and heated to raise the temperature, and when the heat is insufficient, the heat can be supplemented by supplementing fuel oil to burn. The high-temperature solid heat carrier enters the heating riser from the first inclined pipe, is lifted to the top expanding separator by the circulating dry distillation gas, is separated from the gas heat carrier in the expanding separator, and then returns to the reheater through the second inclined pipe for recycling. In the process, the gas heat carrier is heated into high-temperature carbonization gas, and the high-temperature carbonization gas is separated from the solid heat carrier and then leaves the diameter expanding section to enter the fluidized carbonization device to complete heating of the oil shale so as to perform carbonization of the oil shale.

In the invention, the specific operation of the two-stage dry distillation comprises the following steps:

dry distillation in the first stage: the newly-fed oil shale powder is rapidly mixed with the oil shale fluidized by the high-temperature dry distillation gas in the first-stage dry distiller and is fluidized together, the temperature of the oil shale powder is rapidly raised to 450-500 ℃, and oil gas in the oil shale is decomposed, gasified and diffused into a gas phase;

and (3) second-stage dry distillation: after the fluidized bed layer is subjected to the first-stage dry distillation, part of the oil shale and the semicoke powder enter a second-stage dry distillation device, the reaction temperature is further increased to 480-550 ℃, and the reaction time is prolonged, so that the full dry distillation of the oil shale is ensured.

In the invention, shale ash obtained after shale semicoke is completely combusted is cooled by a two-stage dry method, cooling equipment comprises a fluidized cooler, a plate cooler or a combined form, and a refrigerant can be cooling water, deoxygenated water (steam generation) or molten salt.

Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides an oil shale dry distillation device and a dry distillation method thereof. The specific process is that the fluidized gas is heated by a solid heat carrier, and the heated fluidized gas is used for carrying out dry distillation on the raw oil shale in a bed fluidization mode. The fluidized dry distillation mode can control the temperature within a proper range, can ensure the dry distillation time of the oil shale, and can ensure that the dry distillation process is more sufficient, thereby obtaining more shale oil products.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil shale retorting device provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a reheater, 2-a heating riser, 3-an expanding separator, 4-a waste heat recovery system, 5-a powder conveying system, 6-a drying riser, 7-a first gas-solid separator, 8-a flue gas cooler, 9-a fluidized dry distiller, 91-a partition plate, 10-a fractionating tower, 11-a tower top cooler, 12-an electric oil catcher, 13-a circulating dry distillation gas compressor, 14-a charcoal burner, 15-a second gas-solid separator, 16-an external heat taking controller and 17-a shale ash cooler.

The present invention is described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.

To better illustrate the invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions thereof, typical but non-limiting examples of the invention are as follows: