阅读说明：本技术 一种中草药植物纤维提取方法 (Method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber ) 是由 武倩 赵子宁 于 2020-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了植物纤维提取技术领域的一种中草药植物纤维提取方法,包括以下步骤：(1)将植物原料、稀盐酸和二氧化硅放入反应器中,控制温度35-45℃,并超声处理10-15min,得到混合液A；(2)将混合液A予以过滤,除去二氧化硅,得到预处理液；(3)向预处理液中加入碱性溶液,并置于电热搅拌器中以1000-1500r/min的转速搅拌5-8min,得到混合液B；(4)将混合液B置于蒸煮锅中,保持温度为70-80℃,持续蒸煮40-45min,得到残渣液；(5)对残渣液予以过滤,得到滤渣,用冲洗液反复冲洗滤渣后再干燥,得到植物纤维；本发明加入稀盐酸和二氧化硅,酸性环境有利于破坏植物原料细胞壁中的半纤维素和木质素,有利于提高纤维素的提取纯度。(The invention discloses a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fibers, which belongs to the technical field of plant fiber extraction and comprises the following steps: (1) putting plant raw materials, dilute hydrochloric acid and silicon dioxide into a reactor, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min to obtain a mixed solution A; (2) filtering the mixed solution A, and removing silicon dioxide to obtain a pretreatment solution; (3) adding an alkaline solution into the pretreatment solution, placing the solution in an electric heating stirrer, and stirring the solution for 5 to 8 minutes at the rotating speed of 1000-; (4) placing the mixed solution B in a cooking pot, keeping the temperature at 70-80 ℃, and continuously cooking for 40-45min to obtain residue liquid; (5) filtering the residue liquid to obtain filter residue, repeatedly washing the filter residue with washing liquid, and drying to obtain plant fiber; according to the invention, dilute hydrochloric acid and silicon dioxide are added, so that the acidic environment is favorable for destroying hemicellulose and lignin in plant raw material cell walls, and the extraction purity of cellulose is improved.)

1. The extraction method of the Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) putting plant raw materials, dilute hydrochloric acid and silicon dioxide into a reactor, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min to obtain a mixed solution A;

(2) filtering the mixed solution A, and removing silicon dioxide to obtain a pretreatment solution;

(3) adding an alkaline solution into the pretreatment solution, placing the solution in an electric heating stirrer, and stirring the solution for 5 to 8 minutes at the rotating speed of 1000-;

(4) placing the mixed solution B in a cooking pot, keeping the temperature at 70-80 ℃, and continuously cooking for 40-45min to obtain residue liquid;

(5) and filtering the residue liquid to obtain filter residue, repeatedly washing the filter residue by using a washing liquid, and drying to obtain the plant fiber.

2. The method for extracting herbal plant fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant material in step (1) is pulverized in advance and soaked in 10% sodium chloride solution for 10-20 min.

3. The method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution in step (3) is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.

4. The method for extracting herbal plant fibers as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution is 1% -3%.

5. The method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in the step (3) is 35-45 ℃.

6. The method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber according to claim 1, wherein the cooking pot in the step (4) is an autoclave, and the cooking pressure is maintained at 0.7-0.8 MPa.

7. The method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing liquid in step (5) is distilled water or ethanol.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant fiber extraction, in particular to a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber.

Background

Plant fiber is a sclerenchyma tissue widely distributed in seed plants. Its cells are slender, sharp at both ends, with thick secondary walls, often with single-grain pores, and generally without live protoplasts at maturity. The plant fiber is filamentous or floccule generated by combining cellulose and various nutrient substances, has the functions of supporting, connecting, wrapping, filling and the like on plants, and is widely present in plant stalks, roots, fruits and shells. Plant fibers develop from different meristems. The fibers of the xylem and bast originate from the original or formed layer. Some fibers may then develop from primary meristems, and cells that will develop into fibers stop dividing transversely very early, but elongate only longitudinally. The fibers in the bundle sheath may be partly formed from the primary meristem and partly from the primary meristem. The nascent fibers occur before the organ is extended and they can continue to extend to a considerable length while the surrounding cells are still dividing. For example, ramie bast fibers can continue to elongate for several months, and finally increase in length by 4 to 5 ten thousand times, which can reach 55 cm at the longest. Elongation of such cells, in addition to growth with surrounding cells (co-growth); there is also growth where the cell tips can penetrate between surrounding cells (invasive growth). After the ramie fibers cease to elongate, the base of the fibers may also have a thick secondary wall when secondary wall deposition occurs. The tip still has living contents and a thin cell wall, and thus the cell tip can continue to elongate.

The waste Chinese herbal medicine plant cellulose is separated, and the waste Chinese herbal medicine plant cellulose has the functions of diminishing inflammation and resisting bacteria, and is woven into yarn to provide a new textile raw material and prepare a medical protective product, such as: mask, underwear, sanitary towel, infant article, etc., which is beneficial to the full utilization of resources; most of plant fiber extraction methods in the prior art utilize pulp to directly soak and dissolve plant cell walls, namely lignin and hemicellulose, so as to obtain cellulose, but cell walls formed by compact fibers are firmer, are directly dissolved by alkali liquor, the dissolution speed is lower, the extraction efficiency is influenced, the dissolution is insufficient, so that the extracted cellulose contains more lignin and hemicellulose, and the purity of the extracted cellulose is reduced.

Therefore, a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fibers is provided to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fibers, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicine plant fiber, which comprises the following steps:

(1) putting plant raw materials, dilute hydrochloric acid and silicon dioxide into a reactor, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min to obtain a mixed solution A;

(2) filtering the mixed solution A, and removing silicon dioxide to obtain a pretreatment solution;

(3) adding an alkaline solution into the pretreatment solution, placing the solution in an electric heating stirrer, and stirring the solution for 5 to 8 minutes at the rotating speed of 1000-;

(4) placing the mixed solution B in a cooking pot, keeping the temperature at 70-80 ℃, and continuously cooking for 40-45min to obtain residue liquid;

(5) and filtering the residue liquid to obtain filter residue, repeatedly washing the filter residue by using a washing liquid, and drying to obtain the plant fiber.

Preferably, the plant material in step (1) is pulverized in advance, and is soaked in 10% sodium chloride solution for 10-20 min.

Preferably, the alkaline solution in step (3) is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.

Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution is 1% -3%.

Preferably, the reaction temperature in the step (3) is 35-45 ℃.

Preferably, the digester in the step (4) is an autoclave, and the cooking pressure is kept at 0.7-0.8 MPa.

Preferably, the washing solution in the step (5) is distilled water or ethanol.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention is beneficial to killing germ and insect eggs in the plant raw materials by adding 10 percent of sodium chloride solution; according to the invention, dilute hydrochloric acid and silicon dioxide are added, the dilute hydrochloric acid enables the solution to be in an acidic environment, the acidic environment is favorable for destroying hemicellulose and lignin in plant raw material cell walls, the cell walls composed of the lignin and the hemicellulose become soft and collapse, then ultrasonic treatment is utilized, the silicon dioxide and the plant raw materials move ceaselessly in the acidic solution, the effective contact times of the silicon dioxide and the plant raw materials are increased, harder silicon dioxide continuously collides with the cell walls, the soft cell walls are gradually crushed, the crushing speed and the crushing degree of the cell walls are accelerated, the lignin and the hemicellulose are conveniently and fully dissolved by subsequent alkali liquor, the integral extraction efficiency is improved after all, and the extraction purity of cellulose is favorably improved;

according to the invention, high-pressure cooking is added in the step (4), the alkali liquor under high temperature and high pressure accelerates the breaking of ester bonds between lignin and hemicellulose, and simultaneously, the cellulose and the hemicellulose combined through hydrogen bonds are also quickly separated, in addition, the high-pressure environment is favorable for the breaking of cell walls, and the alkali liquor is favorable for the sufficient dissolution of the lignin and the hemicellulose under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.