阅读说明：本技术 一种美国红桃的专用肥及其制备、使用方法 (Special fertilizer for American red peaches and preparation and use methods thereof ) 是由 李云玉 徐胜光 余磊 林丽 马焕锦 蔡志远 陈温福 孟军 白艳荣 黄敏 刘何博静 于 2019-05-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于农作物肥料领域,具体涉及一种美国红桃的专用肥及其制备、使用方法。由有机肥和生物炭组成,所述有机肥包括羊粪、油枯、菌包、谷壳灰、磷元素、钾元素和有益菌；所述有益菌由枯草杆菌、放线菌、木霉菌组成；所述有机肥和生物炭按照重量比为7：3的比例混合。该有机肥能改良土壤,培肥地力、提高肥料的利用率。生物炭、有机肥均有改良土壤的作用,生物炭和有机肥的配施充分利用了生物炭的固定、吸附作用和有机肥富含的营养物质,能为果树的生长创造一个良好的环境。(The invention belongs to the field of crop fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for American red peaches and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The biological charcoal fertilizer is composed of organic fertilizer and biological charcoal, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises sheep manure, oil cake, fungus bag, rice husk ash, phosphorus element, potassium element and beneficial bacteria; the beneficial bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma; the organic fertilizer and the biochar are 7: 3, and mixing. The organic fertilizer can improve soil, increase soil fertility and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The biochar and the organic fertilizer have the effect of improving soil, and the fixation and adsorption effects of the biochar and the nutrient substances rich in the organic fertilizer are fully utilized by the matching of the biochar and the organic fertilizer, so that a good environment can be created for the growth of fruit trees.)

1. The special fertilizer for the American red peaches is characterized by comprising organic fertilizer and biochar, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises sheep manure, oil cake, fungus bags, rice husk ash, phosphorus element, potassium element and beneficial bacteria.

2. The special fertilizer for the peaches in the United states as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beneficial flora mainly comprises bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma.

3. The special fertilizer for the American red peaches as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the sheep manure, the oil cake, the fungus bag, the rice husk ash, the phosphorus element, the potassium element and the beneficial bacteria is 2: 2: 2: 2: 1:1: 0.01;

the beneficial bacteria comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 1:1: 1;

the organic fertilizer and the biochar are 7: 3, and mixing.

4. The special fertilizer for the American red peaches as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of organic fertilizer

The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20% of sheep manure, 20% of oil cake, 20% of fungus bag, 20% of rice husk ash, 10% of phosphorus element and 10% of potassium element, adding a proper amount of bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma, and fermenting for 20-30 days under the conditions that the temperature is 65-70 ℃ and the humidity is 60-65%;

(2) preparation of special fertilizer for American red peach

The organic fertilizer prepared by the 1 is mixed with 30 percent of biochar and then is used after being evenly mixed.

5. The special fertilizer for the American red peaches as claimed in claim 4, wherein the use method comprises the following steps:

the prepared special fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for application, then the fertilizer is applied in the spring in the next 2 months, 2kg of urea is applied per plant, 500g of phosphate fertilizer per plant and 500g of potassium fertilizer per plant are applied at the bottom of 4 months.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of crop fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for American red peaches and a preparation method and a use method thereof.

Background

The American red peach is a premature peach variety, and has the advantages of strong growth potential, fast development, early forming, early fruiting, high fruit bearing rate, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. Round fruit, full red, beautiful appearance, fine and dense meat quality, much juice and sweet flavor. In the actual production process, in order to pursue higher economic benefit, farmers apply chemical fertilizers in large amounts blindly, so that the pH of soil in the forest land is reduced sharply, the soil nutrients are unbalanced, the soil productivity is reduced, the yield of the American red peaches is reduced obviously after the American red peaches are planted for several years, and the quality such as the taste of the product is reduced obviously.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a biological carbon and an organic fertilizer, which can ensure the good growth of the American red peaches and the balance of soil nutrients.

The biochar and the organic fertilizer provided by the invention are composed of organic fertilizer and biochar, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises sheep manure, oil cake, fungus bag, rice husk ash, phosphorus element, potassium element and beneficial bacteria.

Further, the beneficial bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma.

Further, the weight ratio of the sheep manure, the oil cake, the fungus bag, the rice husk ash, the phosphorus element, the potassium element and the beneficial flora is 2: 2: 2: 2: 1:1: 0.01, wherein the beneficial bacteria comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1:1: 1; the organic fertilizer and the biochar are 7: 3, and mixing.

Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20% of sheep manure, 20% of oil cake, 20% of fungus bag, 20% of rice husk ash, 10% of phosphorus element and 10% of potassium element, adding a proper amount of bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma, and fermenting for 20-30 days under the conditions that the temperature is 65-70 ℃ and the humidity is 60-65%.

According to the amount of 1 ton, 700kg (70%) of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method 1 is mixed with 300kg (30%) of biochar, and during preparation, the biochar and the organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed and then can be used (the biochar can be used as the existing fertilizer).

Further, specific application method

The prepared special fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for application (in autumn), then the spring fertilizer is applied in the next 2 months, 1kg of urea is applied to one plant, and the phosphate fertilizer is applied in an amount of 500g per plant and the potassium fertilizer is applied in an amount of 500g per plant in the end of 4 months.

Has the advantages that:

the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20% of sheep manure, 20% of oil cake, 20% of fungus bag, 20% of rice husk ash, 10% of phosphorus element and 10% of potassium element, adding a proper amount of bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes and trichoderma, and fermenting for 20-30 days under the conditions that the temperature is 65-70 ℃ and the humidity is 60-65%.

The sheep manure is a good organic fertilizer after being fermented, has high nutrient content and can basically meet the requirements of plant growth; the oil cake contains rich organic nitrogen and certain grease, and has good and long fertilizer efficiency after fermentation; the fungus bag (made by mixing wood chips and strains, commercially available) is rich in nutrient substances and flora; the rice husk ash is rich in mineral elements and has strong adsorption capacity; the phosphorus element can make the stem and branch of the tree tough, promote the formation of flower buds, make the tree grow well and generate new roots frequently, and improve the cold resistance and drought resistance; potassium is an enzyme activator, can promote photosynthesis, can promote protein synthesis, can promote carbohydrate synthesis and transportation, can enhance the toughness of crop stalks, and can improve the drought resistance and cold deficiency resistance of crops. The bacillus subtilis can mainly inhibit various plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria such as filamentous fungi; trichoderma belongs to a novel biological bactericide of a biological pesticide system, has antagonistic action on various plant pathogenic bacteria by mechanisms such as generating antibiotics, nutrition competition, micro-parasitism, cell wall decomposition enzyme, inducing plants to generate resistance and the like, has dual effects of protection and treatment, and can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne fungal diseases; most of the actinomycetes are saprophytic, few of the actinomycetes are parasitic, saprophytic types play a very important role in natural substance circulation, one of the most prominent characteristics of the actinomycetes is that the actinomycetes can generate a large amount of and various antibiotics, and the actinomycetes can improve the resistance of plants when being applied to fertilizers. The biochar can adjust the pH value of soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil, is rich in a large amount of medium and trace elements, and can inhibit the growth of harmful fungi.

In conclusion, the organic fertilizer prepared by the raw materials can be added with the biochar, so that the fertility of soil can be effectively improved, the pH of the soil can be adjusted, beneficial flora in the soil can be increased, the vegetative growth of the American red peaches can be effectively promoted, and the plants can grow higher and more luxuriant and have better yield; can ensure the good quality of the American red peaches and create a good environment for the growth of fruit trees.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the average plant height and base diameter of the American red peaches are compared;

FIG. 2: comparing the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the leaves of the American red peach;

FIG. 3: a comparison graph of the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of the American red peaches;

FIG. 4 peach trees with special fertilizer applied;

figure 5 control treated peach trees.

Detailed Description