阅读说明：本技术 用于硬地层钻井的金刚石与单牙轮复合钻头 (Diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formation ) 是由 陈绪跃 都旭 李泽 陈治方 杨进 高德利 喻开安 于 2020-07-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及钻井工具技术领域,具体地涉及一种用于硬地层钻井的金刚石与单牙轮复合钻头。所述用于硬地层钻井的金刚石与单牙轮复合钻头包括金刚石钻头和单牙轮钻头,所述金刚石钻头包括主体(1)和多个金刚石牙齿(2),主体具有中空流道(3),多个金刚石牙齿安装于主体的底部并且设置为能够在主体(1)的带动下绕中空流道(3)的轴线方向旋转,以破碎岩石整体的环形结构,单牙轮钻头安装于中空流道(3)并且设置为能够破碎岩石整体的位于环形结构内的岩石立柱。所述用于硬地层钻井的金刚石与单牙轮复合钻头通过单牙轮钻头和金刚石钻头共同形成,使得单牙轮钻头和金刚石钻头能够同时破岩作业,钻进速度更快,提高了钻井的作业效率。(The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to a diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling a hard formation. The diamond and single-cone composite drill bit for drilling the hard formation comprises a diamond drill bit and a single-cone drill bit, wherein the diamond drill bit comprises a main body (1) and a plurality of diamond teeth (2), the main body is provided with a hollow flow channel (3), the plurality of diamond teeth are arranged at the bottom of the main body and can rotate around the axis direction of the hollow flow channel (3) under the driving of the main body (1) so as to break the whole annular structure of rock, and the single-cone drill bit is arranged in the hollow flow channel (3) and is arranged as a rock stand column which can break the whole rock and is positioned in the annular structure. The diamond and the single-cone composite drill bit for drilling the hard formation are formed together through the single-cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit, so that the single-cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit can simultaneously break rock, the drilling speed is higher, and the drilling operation efficiency is improved.)

1. The diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling the hard formation is characterized by comprising a diamond drill bit and a single cone drill bit, wherein the diamond drill bit comprises a main body (1) and a plurality of diamond teeth (2), the main body (1) is provided with a hollow flow channel (3), the diamond teeth (2) are arranged at the bottom of the main body (1) and can be driven by the main body (1) to rotate around the axis direction of the hollow flow channel (3) so as to break an integral annular structure of rock, and the single cone drill bit is arranged in the hollow flow channel (3) and is arranged to break a rock stand column of the integral rock in the annular structure.

2. A diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that the single cone drill bit comprises a bit body (15) and a tooth drilling mechanism (16), the bit body (15) being detachably mounted to the hollow flow channel (3), the tooth drilling mechanism (16) being mounted to the bottom of the bit body (15) for breaking the rock pillar.

3. A diamond and mono-cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 2, characterized in that the body (1) is in threaded connection with the bit body (15) through the hollow flow channel (3).

4. A diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that the diamond teeth (2) are PDC teeth, and a plurality of PDC teeth are dispersedly disposed at the bottom end surface of the main body (1) in a random manner.

5. A diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the main body (1) extends outwards in the radial direction of the hollow flow channel (3) to form a first flared section (4), a plurality of PDC teeth are arranged on the bottom end face of the first flared section (4), the circumferential wall of the first flared section (4) is formed into a concave-convex structure, the convex parts (5) of the first flared section (4) are used for abutting against the outer circumferential wall of the annular structure, and a concave part (6) for conveying drilling fluid is formed between two adjacent convex parts (5).

6. A composite diamond and single cone drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 5, characterized in that the main body (1) comprises a plurality of first nozzles (7) spaced circumferentially along the hollow flow channel (3), the first nozzles (7) being arranged to extend obliquely outwardly from the hollow flow channel (3) to the bottom wall of the first flared section (4).

7. The diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 1, wherein the diamond teeth (2) are impregnated diamond teeth, the bottom of the main body (1) extends outwards in the radial direction of the hollow flow channel (3) to form a second expanded section (10), the second expanded section (10) comprises a plurality of protrusions (11) distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the hollow flow channel (3), a second water gap (12) for conveying drilling fluid is formed between two adjacent protrusions (11), the protrusions (11) are arranged to extend from the circumferential side wall of the second expanded section (10) to the bottom outer edge of the hollow flow channel (3) through the bottom end face of the second expanded section (10), and the impregnated diamond teeth are divided into a plurality of rows of teeth groups corresponding to the protrusions (11) one by one, each row of the tooth group comprises a plurality of diamond-impregnated teeth, and in each row of the tooth group, the plurality of diamond-impregnated teeth are distributed on the convex part (11) at equal intervals along the extension direction of the protrusion (11).

8. A diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 7, characterized in that the main body (1) comprises a plurality of third nozzles (13) spaced circumferentially along the hollow flow channel (3), the third nozzles (13) being arranged to extend downwardly from the hollow flow channel (3) to a portion of the inner circumferential wall of the second flared section (10) below the bit body (15).

9. A diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that the single cone drill bit has a nozzle (14), the nozzle (14) being disposed through the single cone drill bit from top to bottom and having a tip communicating with the hollow flow channel (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, in particular to a diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling a hard formation.

Background

Drill bits are indispensable downhole tools in oil and gas production. At present, a common drill bit is a diamond drill bit which mainly depends on the shearing action of cutting teeth on rocks in the rock breaking process, and meanwhile, the ploughing action is used as an auxiliary action, so that the characteristic of low rock shearing strength is fully utilized.

When the conventional diamond bit drills in a hard stratum, due to the influence of the structure of the diamond bit, the cutting teeth have low cutting speed on rocks in the center of a borehole, and the rocks are basically broken or crushed by the bit, so that the mechanical drilling speed of the diamond bit is limited, and the operation cost in the drilling process is obviously increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of low cutting speed, high operation cost and the like of a diamond bit in the prior art, and provides a diamond and single cone composite bit for drilling a hard formation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling a hard formation, comprising a diamond drill bit and a single cone drill bit, wherein the diamond drill bit comprises a main body and a plurality of diamond teeth, the main body is provided with a hollow flow channel, the plurality of diamond teeth are mounted at the bottom of the main body and are arranged to rotate around the axis direction of the hollow flow channel under the driving of the main body so as to break an annular structure of a whole rock, and the single cone drill bit is mounted in the hollow flow channel and is arranged to break a rock pillar of the whole rock in the annular structure.

Optionally, the single-cone rotary drill bit comprises a bit body detachably mounted to the hollow flow channel, and a tooth drilling mechanism mounted to the bottom of the bit body for crushing the rock pillar.

Optionally, the body is in threaded connection with the bit body through the hollow flow passage.

Optionally, the diamond teeth are PDC teeth, and the PDC teeth are dispersedly disposed on the bottom end surface of the main body in a mess.

Optionally, the bottom of the main body radially extends outwards to form a first flaring section in the hollow flow channel, the PDC teeth are arranged on the bottom end face of the first flaring section, the circumferential wall of the first flaring section forms a concave-convex structure, the convex part of the first flaring section is used for abutting against the peripheral wall of the annular structure, and a concave part for conveying drilling fluid is formed between every two adjacent convex parts.

Optionally, the main body includes a plurality of first nozzles distributed along the circumferential direction of the hollow flow channel at intervals, and the first nozzles are arranged to be capable of extending from the hollow flow channel to the bottom wall of the first outward-expanding section in an inclined manner.

Optionally, the diamond teeth are impregnated diamond teeth, the bottom of the main body radially extends outwards to form a second expanded section, the second expanded section comprises a plurality of protrusions distributed along the circumferential direction of the hollow flow channel at intervals, a second water gap for conveying drilling fluid is formed between every two adjacent protrusions, the protrusions are arranged to extend from the circumferential side wall of the main body to the outer edge of the bottom of the hollow flow channel via the bottom end face of the main body, the impregnated diamond teeth are divided into a plurality of rows of tooth groups corresponding to the protrusions one to one, each row of the tooth group comprises a plurality of impregnated diamond teeth, and in each row of the tooth group, the plurality of impregnated diamond teeth are distributed on the convex part at equal intervals along the extending direction of the protrusions.

Optionally, the main body includes a plurality of third nozzles distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the hollow flow passage, and the third nozzles are arranged to extend from the hollow flow passage downward to a portion of the inner circumferential wall of the second expanded section, which is located below the bit body.

Optionally, the mono-cone drill bit has a nozzle disposed through the mono-cone drill bit from top to bottom and having a tip in communication with the hollow flow passage.

According to the technical scheme, the diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling the hard formation is formed by the single cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit, so that the single cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit can simultaneously break rocks, the defect that the rock breaking efficiency of the center part of the conventional single diamond drill bit is low is overcome, the drilling speed of the composite drill bit is higher, the drilling operation efficiency is improved, and the operation cost is obviously reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side view (or, alternatively, a right side view) of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 3 at A-A;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a left side view (or, alternatively, a right side view) of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the composite drill bit shown in FIG. 7 at B-B.

Description of the reference numerals

1. A main body; 2. diamond teeth; 3. a hollow flow passage; 4. a first flared section; 5. a convex portion; 6. a recess; 7. a first nozzle; 8. a first recess; 9. a second recess; 10. a second externally expanded section; 11. a protrusion; 12. a second water gap; 13. a third water gap; 14. a nozzle; 15. a bit body; 16. and a tooth drilling mechanism.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The invention provides a diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling a hard formation, which comprises a diamond drill bit and a single cone drill bit, wherein the diamond drill bit comprises a main body 1 and a plurality of diamond teeth 2, the main body 1 is provided with a hollow flow channel 3, the plurality of diamond teeth 2 are arranged at the bottom of the main body 1 and can rotate around the axial direction of the hollow flow channel 3 under the driving of the main body 1 so as to crush an annular structure of the whole rock, and the single cone drill bit is arranged on the hollow flow channel 3 and can crush a rock upright column of the whole rock in the annular structure. Wherein, the diamond teeth 2 can be arranged on the main body 1 in an embedding way.

According to the technical scheme, the diamond and single cone composite drill bit for drilling the hard formation is formed by the single cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit, so that the single cone drill bit and the diamond drill bit can simultaneously break rocks, the defect that the rock breaking efficiency of the center part of the conventional single diamond drill bit is low is overcome, the drilling speed of the composite drill bit is higher, the drilling operation efficiency is improved, and the operation cost is obviously reduced.

Generally speaking, when a common drill bit drills into a hard stratum, taking a common diamond drill bit as an example, the common diamond drill bit mainly depends on the shearing action of diamond cutting teeth on rocks, and meanwhile, the plowing action is taken as an auxiliary action; however, during the drilling process, the conventional diamond drill bit is limited by the structure of the diamond cutter, only the ring structure of the whole rock can be broken by the diamond cutter, and the rock pillar of the whole rock in the ring structure cannot be cut, so that the part of the rock pillar is basically broken or crushed by the drill bit, the mechanical drilling rate of the diamond drill bit is limited, and the operation cost during the drilling process is remarkably increased.

In order to solve the problem, composite drill bit in this application is when boring into hard stratum, the holistic annular structure of broken rock can be cuted to the diamond bit (for example, the PDC drill bit can be cuted the breakage through diamond tooth 2), single cone bit can also impact the holistic rock stand of broken rock simultaneously, thereby realized that composite drill bit carries out all-round broken rock operation to the whole rock, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing not to influence diamond bit's normal rate of penetration, utilize single cone bit extrusion broken rock stand, the problem of the central point of having solved ordinary diamond bit and breaking rock inefficiency, the operating efficiency of well drilling is improved, and the operating cost is showing and is reduced. In addition, compared with the common diamond bit in which a single cutting tooth (for example, the single cutting tooth is a conical diamond cutting tooth) is directly and integrally arranged at the central part, the crushing operation of the rock pillar is completed by the single cone bit 11, so that the crushing load applied to the central part of the composite bit by the rock pillar is also distributed on each tooth of the single cone bit 11, the problem that the bit is easily damaged due to the concentrated bearing of the crushing load of the rock pillar at the single cutting tooth is solved, and the service life is prolonged.

It can be understood that the top of the main body 1 may be provided with a joint so that the diamond bit can be connected with an external drill rod or a downhole power drill through the joint to drive the main body 2 to rotate, and the main body 1 can drive the mono-cone bit to revolve around the rotation axis of the main body 9 as the mono-cone bit is mounted in the hollow flow passage 3; moreover, the single cone drill bit may be electrically connected to an external power mechanism (e.g., a conventional power mechanism used to drive a single cone drill bit in the art may be used), so that the external power mechanism may drive the single cone drill bit to rotate. When the diamond drill bit is used, the diamond bit drives the diamond teeth 2 to rotate around the axis direction of the main body 9 along the anticlockwise direction shown in figures 2 and 6 through the main body 1, so that the diamond teeth 2 rotate along an annular track, and meanwhile, the diamond teeth 2 can break the whole rock along the annular track, namely, break the annular structure of the whole rock; meanwhile, the single cone bit revolves under the driving action of the main body 9, namely, the single cone bit revolves around the rotation axis of the main body 9 to crush the rock upright column positioned in the annular structure, so that the synchronous crushing of the whole rock is realized, and the drilling operation efficiency is improved; in addition, the single cone bit can also rotate under the driving action of an external power mechanism, so that the breaking strength of the rock stand column is enhanced, and the drilling operation efficiency is further improved.

Further, the single-cone rotary drill bit comprises a bit body 15 and a tooth drilling mechanism 16, wherein the bit body 15 is detachably mounted on the hollow flow passage 3, and the tooth drilling mechanism 16 is mounted at the bottom of the bit body 15 and used for crushing the rock stand column, so that the design is more reasonable, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient. Once the single cone bit is damaged, the single cone bit can be quickly replaced, and the use cost of the composite bit is reduced.

In order to facilitate the machining of the composite drill bit, the main body 1 is screwed with the bit body 15 through the hollow flow passage 3.

It is worth mentioning that the present invention provides a diamond and mono-cone composite drill bit for drilling hard formations, as shown in fig. 1-8, which may be set at various reasonable heights with respect to the body 1 of the diamond bit. For example, the height of the lowermost diamond tooth 2 may be higher than the height of the tooth drilling mechanism 16; thus, in the initial stage of drilling, the single cone bit firstly impacts and crushes the rock column through the tooth drilling mechanism 16, at this time, the whole rock gradually forms a central hole at the rock column, the periphery of the central hole is an annular structure, and the diamond teeth 2 of the diamond bit are not in contact with the annular structure; along with continuous the creeping into of composite bit, broken rock stand is constantly deepened to the roller bit, and the diamond bit also begins to cut broken this annular structure through diamond tooth 2 to composite bit can carry out all-round broken rock operation to the rock wholly, has realized creeping into fast. Alternatively, the height of the diamond tooth 2 positioned at the lowest position can also be lower than the height of the tooth drilling mechanism 16; in the initial stage of drilling, the diamond drill bit firstly shears an annular structure of the whole crushed rock through the diamond teeth 2, at the moment, the whole rock gradually forms a rock upright column positioned in the annular structure, and the crushing working surface of the drill tooth mechanism 16 is not in contact with the rock upright column; along with continuous drilling of the composite drill bit, the diamond drill bit continuously deepens a broken annular structure, and the single cone drill bit also starts to impact a broken rock stand column through the drilling tooth mechanism 16, so that the composite drill bit can perform all-dimensional rock breaking operation on the whole rock, and rapid drilling is realized. In addition, the height of the diamond tooth 2 located at the lowest position can also be equal to the height of the tooth drilling mechanism 16, and the description is omitted.

According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the diamond teeth 2 are PDC teeth, and a plurality of PDC teeth are randomly and dispersedly arranged on the bottom end surface of the main body 1, which is beneficial for a diamond drill bit to perform efficient rock breaking operation through the PDC teeth.

Further, the bottom of the main body 1 extends outwards in the radial direction of the hollow flow channel 3 to form a first outward-expanding section 4, a plurality of PDC teeth are arranged on the bottom end face of the first outward-expanding section 4, the circumferential wall of the first outward-expanding section 4 is formed into a concave-convex structure, the convex part 5 of the first outward-expanding section 4 is used for abutting against the circumferential wall of the annular structure, and a concave part 6 for conveying drilling fluid is formed between every two adjacent convex parts 5. During drilling, the recess 6 of the first flared section 4 may provide a certain amount of hydraulic energy to wash the friction surface between the diamond bit and the rock monolith (e.g., the ring structure of the rock monolith, which may include the outer, bottom and inner circumferential walls of the ring structure), which may be beneficial for improving the working efficiency.

Further, the main part 1 includes along a plurality of first mouth of a river 7 of the circumference interval distribution of cavity runner 3, first mouth of a river 7 sets up to can certainly cavity runner 3 outwards extends to the diapire of first flaring section 4 has guaranteed that concave part 6 on the first flaring section 4 can provide sufficient hydraulic energy and erode the friction surface, has improved concave part 6's chip removal ability effectively, has improved broken rock efficiency. It is worth mentioning that the plurality of recesses 6 may be provided in various forms, for example, the flow areas of the plurality of recesses 6 are equal; or, the concave part 6 comprises a first concave part 8 and a second concave part 9 which are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction of the hollow flow channel 3, the flow area of the first concave part 8 is larger than that of the second concave part 9, the self-strength of the diamond drill bit can be ensured on the premise of ensuring the chip removal capability of the concave part 6, and the service life of the diamond drill bit is prolonged.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5 to 8, the diamond teeth 2 are diamond-impregnated teeth, the bottom of the main body 1 extends outwards in the radial direction of the hollow flow passage 3 to form a second flaring segment 10, the second flaring segment 10 comprises a plurality of bulges 11 distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the hollow flow passage 3, a second water gap 12 for conveying drilling fluid is formed between every two adjacent bulges 11, the protrusions 11 are arranged to extend from the circumferential side wall of the second outer expanding section 10 to the outer edge of the bottom of the hollow flow channel 3 through the bottom end face of the second outer expanding section 10, the plurality of diamond-impregnated teeth are divided into a plurality of rows of tooth groups corresponding to the plurality of protrusions 11 one by one, each row of tooth group comprises a plurality of diamond-impregnated teeth, in each row of the tooth group, a plurality of diamond-impregnated teeth are distributed on the convex part 11 at equal intervals along the extending direction of the protrusion 11. The bottom outer edge of the hollow flow channel 3 refers to a junction between the bottom end face of the second outward-expanding section 10 and the hollow flow channel. In the drilling process, the second water gap 12 of the second outer expanding section 10 can provide certain hydraulic energy to wash away the friction surface between the diamond bit and the rock whole body (for example, the whole annular structure of the rock, wherein, the outer peripheral wall, the bottom wall and the inner peripheral wall of the annular structure can be included), so that the rock debris can be conveniently and timely cleaned, the problem that the diamond teeth 2 at the protrusion 11 repeatedly crush the rock debris is avoided, and the mechanical drilling speed of the composite bit is favorably improved.

Further, the main body 1 comprises a plurality of third water gaps 13 distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the hollow flow channel 3, the third water gaps 13 are formed in the portion, located below the drill bit body 15, of the inner circumferential wall of the second outer expanding section 10, of the hollow flow channel 3, drilling fluid in the hollow flow channel 3 can wash the bottom of the well through the third water gaps 13, bottom rock debris can be conveniently and timely cleaned, the problem that the diamond teeth 2 and the single cone bit repeatedly break the rock debris is solved, and the mechanical drilling speed of the composite bit is improved.

Furthermore, the single cone bit is provided with a nozzle 14, the nozzle 14 penetrates through the single cone bit from top to bottom, the top end of the nozzle is communicated with the hollow flow passage 3, drilling fluid is favorably injected into the well bottom through the hollow flow passage 3 and the nozzle 14 in sequence to wash rock debris, the well bottom rock debris is conveniently and timely cleaned, the problem that the single cone bit repeatedly breaks the rock debris is solved, and the mechanical drilling speed of the composite bit is favorably improved.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the invention, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations of the invention will not be described further. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.