Foam enhancing saccharide blends
阅读说明：本技术 促进泡沫的糖类共混物 (Foam enhancing saccharide blends ) 是由 香农·史密斯·布茨 阿密特·帕特尔 于 2017-02-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了一种泡沫促进剂,其能够在任意给定的组合物中产生或增加泡沫的量。该泡沫促进剂包含具有30重量％至50重量％的己醛糖或己醛糖混合物、20重量％至55重量％的己酮糖或己酮糖混合物；和10重量％至20重量％的二糖或二糖混合物的糖类共混物。(A foam booster is disclosed that is capable of generating or increasing the amount of foam in any given composition. The foam promoter comprises a mixture having from 30 to 50% by weight of an aldohexose or aldohexose mixture, from 20 to 55% by weight of a ketohexose or ketohexose mixture; and 10 to 20% by weight of a disaccharide or a mixture of disaccharides.)
1. A foam booster comprising a saccharide blend having:
(a)30 to 50% by weight of an aldohexose or aldohexose mixture;
(b)20 to 55% by weight of a hexulose or a mixture of hexulose; and
(c)10 to 25% by weight of a disaccharide or a mixture of disaccharides.
2. The foam booster of claim 1 having:
(a)35 to 45% by weight of an aldohexose or aldohexose mixture;
(b)25 to 30% by weight of hexulose or a mixture of hexulose; and
(c)12 to 20% by weight of a disaccharide or a mixture of disaccharides.
3. The foam booster of claim 1, wherein the aldohexose is glucose or dextrose, or a combination thereof, the ketohexose is fructose, and the disaccharide is maltose.
4. The foam booster of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a trisaccharide.
5. The foam booster of claim 4, wherein the trisaccharide is maltotriose.
6. The foam booster of any one of claims 4 to 5, comprising 3 to 10 wt.% of a trisaccharide.
7. The foam booster of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the foam booster increases foaming capacity, characterized in that an aqueous composition comprising distilled water, 0.50 wt% of a foaming surfactant and 1 to 10 wt% of the foam booster increases foam height by more than 10% as measured according to the cylinder vibration method compared to an aqueous composition without the foam booster.
8. A composition comprising the foam promoter of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The composition of claim 8, comprising 1 to 8 weight percent of a foam booster.
10. The composition of any one of claims 8 to 9, further comprising a foaming agent.
11. The composition of any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising a perfume.
12. The composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the composition is a body and/or hair cleansing composition.
13. The composition of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the pH of the composition is from 3 to 11.
14. A method of making a foamable composition, the method comprising combining a foam booster with a composition comprising a blowing agent, the foam booster comprising a saccharide blend having:
(a)30 to 50% by weight of an aldohexose or aldohexose mixture;
(b)20 to 55% by weight of a hexulose or a mixture of hexulose; and
(c)10 to 25% by weight of a disaccharide or a mixture of disaccharides.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the foam booster increases the foaming capacity of the composition, characterized in that the composition containing the foam booster has a greater than 10% increase in foam height as measured by cylinder vibration compared to the composition without the foam booster.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition comprises 1 to 8 weight percent of a foam booster.
17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the composition further comprises a perfume.
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of foamable compositions. More particularly, it relates to blends of saccharides that can be used as foam boosters or foam enhancers to enhance the foaming capacity of a given composition. The saccharide blend may contain a combination of aldohexose (e.g., glucose or dextrose or both), ketohexose (e.g., fructose), and disaccharide (e.g., maltose) in the specified weight% ranges, which may then be added to any given composition and enhance foaming properties.
Background
Many industries and consumers desire foamable compositions or compositions that can be foamed. For example, foamable compositions can be used to deliver and control the application of a given pharmaceutical or cosmetic ingredient to the skin (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6454787, 8211449, and 9050253). Foamable compositions can be used, for example, to fill voids or penetrate porous surfaces in solid proppant transport to assist in the recovery of fluids from fractured formations (U.S. patent nos. 6454787 and 4718493). The cleaning/extraction composition may use a foamable composition to move unwanted waste into the foam and away from the article being cleaned (U.S. patent No. 3898159). The foamable composition can be used to trap gaseous waste from being released into the atmosphere (U.S. patent No. 3338665). In addition, consumers may prefer foamed products due to the foamed texture. In addition, the consumer may need a foamable cleansing composition because it means to the consumer that the composition is cleansed with, for example, a shampoo, soap, body wash, or toothpaste.
Foamable compositions produce foams that vary widely and not all foams are suitable for all applications. The varying foam characteristics may include foaming capacity, amount of foam, foam stability, foam density, foam loading capacity, foam texture, and rate of foam generation. In addition, some foams are more resilient to changes in the presence of blowing agents or agents that can alter the foam characteristics, such as defoamers. For example, some foamable compositions lose foaming ability when a small or threshold amount of defoamer is added to the composition. However, the anti-foaming agent can include oils, fragrances, solids, and the like, as desired or necessary for the end use of the foamable composition.
In most cases, the foamable composition contains a surfactant or mixture of surfactants that act as a blowing agent, thereby enabling the composition to form a foam. However, not every surfactant or blowing agent is suitable for all applications where a foam is desired or needed. For example, some foaming agents are irritating or toxic and are not suitable for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Other blowing agents do not provide foam stability in excess of a few seconds, and some blowing agents do not provide the foam loading capacity needed for certain applications. In some applications, suitable blowing agents and their concentrations may be limited, which also limits the possible foam characteristics of foamable compositions suitable for those applications.
To overcome these limitations, foam boosters (also known as foam boosters or foam enhancers) may be added to a given foamable composition in some cases to alter the properties of the foam. There are several patents and applications describing foam boosters or foam boosters. For example, EP1661976a1 discloses ether carboxylates and glycerol derivatives as foam enhancers in aqueous compositions. U.S. publication No. 2010/0152089 discloses a liquid cleanser with a foam booster that may be an alkyl amino carboxylate, a fatty acid amide, a fatty acid alkanolamide, a betaine, a sulfobetaine, a polymeric compound, or mixtures thereof. These foam boosters are relatively expensive, cause skin irritation, and may be chemically reactive and prone to react with other ingredients in a given product formulation, thereby introducing instability in the formulation.
In some cases, attempts have been made to use sugars in foamable compositions. For example, U.S. patent No. 4364837 discloses a shampoo composition containing about 15 to 70% by weight of a water-miscible saccharide. The presence of saccharides in a shampoo can increase the foam quality of a given concentration of detergent, or maintain the same level of foam quality at lower detergent concentrations. However, the concentration of saccharides in the shampoo is very high, about 15 to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, which may negatively affect the rheological and tactile properties of the composition. In addition, the patent explains that sugar levels below 15 wt% "do not adequately provide foam viscosity enhancement or thickening".
Other cosmetic and cleansing compositions also contain saccharides, but the ability of saccharides to enhance or promote the foaming properties of the composition has not been determined. In addition, the specific composition supplements of carbohydrates in these references lack specificity. For example, us patent 3998761 relates to a hair conditioner comprising a beer concentrate. According to said, the beer concentrate has a mixture of proteins and polysaccharides. In addition, U.S. patent 3988438 discloses a shampoo in which 0.5% by weight of "sugar" and 10% by weight of sugar alcohol (sorbitol) are present. U.S. patent 5888951 discloses a list of various polyols that may be included in a gel-based cleansing composition.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the art by providing a specific blend of saccharides that can be used as a foam enhancer or booster for any given formulation. The blend can comprise from 30 to 50 weight percent aldohexose (e.g., glucose and/or dextrose), from 20 to 55 weight percent ketohexose (e.g., fructose), and from 10 to 25 weight percent disaccharide (e.g., maltose), based on the total weight of the blend. The blend may also comprise 3 to 10 weight percent of a trisaccharide (e.g., maltotriose) and 5 to 20 weight percent of a higher degree of polymerization saccharide (e.g., at least 4 monosaccharide units, preferably 4 to 20 or more preferably 4 to 10 units), based on the total weight of the blend. The blend can then be added to any given product formulation to enhance the foaming ability of the formulation. And it is noteworthy that as shown in the non-limiting embodiments of the specification, levels as low as 1% to 10% by weight of the blend have been found to be useful in enhancing the foaming capacity of any given formulation (formulations and compositions may be used interchangeably throughout the specification). In addition, it has been found that the foam boosting blends of the present invention can be safely added to any given foaming formulation without having to subsequently adjust the proportion of foaming agent (i.e., surfactant and/or detergent) already present in the formulation. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the foam boosting blends of the present invention are relatively inert when added to a given formulation, as the blends do not appear to negatively affect or chemically react with existing blowing agents in the formulation. Thus, the blend can be added to any given formulation without the risk of having to change the blowing agent, the concentration level of the blowing agent, or add additional ingredients to maintain the foamability or stability of the formulation. This has the advantage that once the foamable product formulation is formulated, the foam boosting blend of the present invention can be easily added to boost the foaming capacity of the formulation. The required formulation is minimized or no further formulation is required by the addition of the foam boosting blends of the present invention.
In one aspect of the invention, a foam booster comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a saccharide blend is disclosed. The saccharide blends have a combination of aldohexoses, ketohexoses and disaccharides and optionally trisaccharides and longer chain polysaccharides. In some cases, the foam boosting blend is in a powder or granular form prior to addition to a given formulation. In other aspects, the foam boosting blend can be in liquid form, semi-solid form, gel form, etc., prior to addition to a given formulation. In some preferred embodiments, the foam boosting polysaccharide blend is in liquid form, and may be a transparent or opaque liquid. The viscosity of the foam booster may be from 1000 centipoise to 50000 centipoise, preferably from 1000 centipoise to 10000 centipoise, or more preferably from 4000 centipoise to 7000 centipoise, as measured by a brookfield viscometer model DV-E RVDVE rotor #4 at 30rpm at 25 degrees celsius. The foam booster may comprise at least 50% solids, preferably from 75% to 99% solids. In some more preferred aspects, the foam promoter saccharide blend may comprise 30 to 50 wt.% aldohexose or aldohexose mixture, 20 to 55 wt.% or 20 to 40 wt.% ketohexose or ketohexose mixture and 10 to 25 wt.% disaccharide or disaccharide mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the blend may comprise from 35 to 45 wt.% aldohexose or mixture of aldohexoses, from 25 to 30 wt.% ketohexose or mixture of ketohexoses and from 12 to 20 wt.% disaccharide or mixture of disaccharides. However, in other embodiments, the wt% range may be lower than the specified range above. For example, the blend may comprise from 5 to 75 weight percent aldohexose or aldohexose mixture, from 5 to 75 weight percent ketohexose or ketohexose mixture and from 5 to 75 weight percent disaccharide or disaccharide mixture. In a more preferred embodiment, the aldohexose is glucose or dextrose, or preferably a combination thereof, the ketohexose is fructose, and the disaccharide is maltose. The blend may also contain a trisaccharide (e.g., maltotriose). The amount of trisaccharide may be from 1 to 20 wt%, preferably from 3 to 10 wt% of the blend. In some cases, the blends of the present invention may also comprise polysaccharides having at least 4 monosaccharide units, preferably 4 to 20 monosaccharide units, more preferably 4 to 10 monosaccharide units. These longer chain polysaccharides may result from unassisted cleavage of larger polysaccharides and may not be specified. The saccharide blend for promoting foam of the present invention can increase foaming ability, and is characterized in that the height of foam measured according to the cylinder vibration method of an aqueous composition containing distilled water, 0.50 wt% of a foaming surfactant and 1 to 10 wt% of a foam promoter is increased by more than 10% as compared with an aqueous composition containing no foam promoter.
In another aspect of the invention, a composition comprising the foam enhancing saccharide blend of the invention is disclosed. The composition is typically a liquid composition (e.g., a solution or emulsion). In preferred examples, the composition may comprise from 1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 10 wt%, from 1 wt% to 8 wt%, from 3 wt% to 8 wt%, or from 3 wt% to 10 wt% of the foam booster blend. The composition may also contain a foaming agent, such as a surfactant or detergent. Non-limiting examples of lathering surfactants and detergents include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, or amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include polyethoxylated compounds, polypropoxylated compounds, alkanolamides, fatty acids of amine oxides or polyhydric alcohols, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants include carboxylates (e.g., alkyl and polyalkoxy carboxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylates, or nonylphenol ethoxylate carboxylates, or combinations thereof), sulfonates (e.g., alkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, or sulfonated fatty acid esters, or combinations thereof), or sulfates (e.g., sulfated alcohols, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkylphenols, alkyl sulfates, sulfosuccinates, or alkyl ether sulfates, or combinations thereof), or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include monovalent quaternary ammonium salts, ammonium compounds, amidoamines, or imides, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting amphoteric surfactants include alkylamides, betaines, imidazolines, propionates, or sulfobetaines, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the composition further comprises a perfume, preferably in an amount of from 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 15 wt%, or more preferably from 2 wt% to 15 wt%. The pH of the composition may be from 1 to 14 depending on the type of composition to which the foam boosting blend of the present invention is added. In some aspects, the composition is a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition. The pH of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition may be from 2 to 10, preferably from 3 to 8. In particular embodiments, the composition is a cleansing composition, such as a shampoo, body wash, soap, hand sanitizer, and the like. The pH of the cleaning composition may preferably be 2 to 8, more preferably 4 to 7. In other aspects, the composition can be an industrial cleaning composition or a fracturing fluid or drilling fluid. Non-limiting examples of industrial cleaning compositions include rust removers, metal cleaners, lavatory cleaners, cleaners for car washes, laundry, and the like. The pH of the industrial cleaning composition may be from 1 to 14, preferably from 3 to 10. The pH of the fracturing fluid or drilling fluid may be from 1 to 14, preferably from 8 to 11.
Also disclosed in the context of the present invention is a method of foaming, increasing the foaming capacity of, increasing the foam height of, increasing the foaming volume of, increasing the foam loading capacity of, or increasing the foam stability of a composition. The method can include combining the foam enhancing saccharide blend of the present invention with a liquid composition in an amount sufficient to foam the composition, increase the foam capacity of the composition, increase the foam height of the composition, increase the foam volume of the composition, increase the foam loading capacity of the composition, or increase the foam stability of the composition. The foam booster may increase the foaming capacity of the composition, characterized in that the composition containing the foam booster has an increase in foam height of more than 10% as measured according to the cylinder vibration method compared to the composition without the foam booster. In a preferred aspect, the foam booster of the present invention is added to the composition in an amount of from 1 to 20 weight percent, preferably from 1 to 10 weight percent, from 1 to 8 weight percent, from 3 to 8 weight percent, or from 3 to 10 weight percent of the foam booster blend, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition may be a foamable composition or a non-foamable composition. The composition may be any of those discussed in this specification.
The following
"foam" refers to a liquid foam or foam obtained from a liquid composition. Foam is a mass of bubbles formed in or on a liquid. The film of liquid separates the gas pocket by trapping the pocket of gas in the liquid to form a foam. For example, the foam may be generated by mechanically agitating the liquid (e.g. applying a physical force to the liquid so as to create a shear strain on and deform the foamable liquid, e.g. rubbing/rubbing the liquid by hand, e.g. washing human hands or hair or skin) or introducing a gas into the liquid (e.g. the dispersing agent is a liquid within the container but when foam is present in the container as a result of introducing a gas such as air or a propellant gas into the liquid, it is expelled as foam). In the context of the present invention, foam does not refer to solid foam (e.g., polyurethane foam, carbon foam, ceramic foam, etc.).
The "foam booster" or "foam enhancer" of the present invention includes saccharides disclosed throughout this specification that are combined together to form a blend. The blend may then be added to any given liquid formulation containing a blowing agent. The blend may increase the surface viscosity of the liquid surrounding/constituting/composing the bubbles in the foam, thereby increasing the foam loading capacity, foam height and/or foam stability.
A "blowing agent" is any compound that enables the composition to form a foam. Non-limiting examples of foaming agents include detergents, foaming surfactants, and other compounds associated with the generation of foam.
"foam loading capacity" refers to the amount of material that a foam can carry while still maintaining the foam structure. The foam loading capacity may be defined by the material in or on the foam structure, for example by the weight or mass of the material in or on the foam, or the loading capacity may be defined by the material in the foamable composition, for example by the weight, mass or concentration of the material to be foamed or foamed in the liquid composition. When the foam loading capacity for a substance is exceeded, the foam loses its foam structure.
"foam height" and "foam volume" refer to the height or volume, respectively, of foam above any non-foam portion of the foamable composition.
"foam ability" and "foamability" both refer to an increase in foam height of greater than 10% as measured by the cylinder vibration method for an aqueous composition containing distilled water, 0.50% by weight of a foaming surfactant, and 1% to 10% by weight of a foam booster of the present invention, as compared to an aqueous composition without the foam booster.
"foam stability" refers to the time required for the foam to collapse or no longer to develop, whether in the form of agitation or introduction of a gas. Generally, the longer the time required for the foam to collapse equates to an increase in the stability of the foam.
"antifoam" refers to a compound that decreases in properties associated with foam when a compound is added to or the concentration of the compound is increased in a foamable composition. Non-limiting examples of characteristics associated with foam include foam loading capacity, foam height, foam volume, and foam stability. Non-limiting examples of defoamers include oils, fragrances, and solids.
It is contemplated that any embodiment discussed in this specification can be implemented for any method or composition of the invention and vice versa. Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention may be used to carry out the methods of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may be pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable, or may have pleasant tactile properties. "pharmaceutically acceptable", "cosmetically acceptable", and/or "pleasant tactile properties" describe compositions having specific tactile properties that are pleasant to the skin (e.g., compositions that are not too water or too oil, compositions that have a silky texture, non-tacky compositions, etc.). Pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable may also relate to the creaminess or lubricity of the composition, or the water retention properties of the composition.
The term "about" or "approximately" is defined as being close to, and in one non-limiting embodiment, within 10%, preferably within 5%, more preferably within 1%, and most preferably within 0.5%, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The term "substantially" and variations thereof are defined as being largely but not necessarily wholly what is specified as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment substantially refers to ranges within 10%, within 5%, within 1%, or within 0.5%.
The terms "inhibit" or "reduce" or any variation of these terms includes any measurable reduction or complete inhibition to achieve the desired result. The terms "facilitate" or "increase" or any variation of these terms includes any measurable increase in order to achieve a desired result.
As used in this specification and/or in the claims, the term "effective" means suitable for achieving a desired, expected, or expected result.
When used in the claims and/or the specification with the term "comprising", elements may be preceded by the word "a" or "an" without the use of a quantitative term, but it also conforms to the meaning of "one or more", "at least one" and "one or more than one".
The words "comprising," "having," "including," or "containing" are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
The foam boosting blends, compositions containing the foam boosting blends, and methods of using the foam boosting blends of the present invention can "comprise," or "consist essentially of," the particular ingredients, components, compositions, etc. disclosed throughout this specification. With respect to the transitional phrase "consisting essentially of, in one non-limiting aspect, a basic and novel feature of the foam boosting blends of the present invention is their ability to increase the foam loading capacity, foam height, foam volume, foaming capacity, and/or foam stability of a given foamable composition.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following drawings, detailed description and examples. It should be understood, however, that the drawings, detailed description and examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation. In addition, it is contemplated that variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Drawings
The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain non-limiting aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein.
Figures 1A and 1B show the foam volume and foam stability at 15% surfactant active for several formulations containing different concentrations of foam boosting blends. The foam boosting blend provides increased foam volume and foam stability.
Fig. 2A and 2B show the foam loss after 5 minutes at 15% surfactant active for several formulations containing different concentrations of foam boosting blends. The foam boosting blend results in reduced foam loss.
Fig. 3 shows the average of clinical evaluations of hand soap formulations containing 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 6%, and 10% of the foam booster blend (n ═ 11). Volunteers evaluated each formulation for foam yield, foam volume, bubble size, foam density, lubricity, and difficulty of flushing. The foam boosting blend is significantly beneficial in increasing foam production, foam volume, bubble size and lubricity.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and may herein be described in detail.
Detailed Description
Currently available foam boosters such as alkyl amino carboxylates, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkanolamides, betaines, sultaines, polymeric compounds, or mixtures thereof, are expensive to use, can cause skin irritation, and can be chemically reactive and readily react with other ingredients in a given product formulation, thereby introducing instability in the formulation. Furthermore, although attempts have been made to use sugars as foam boosters, the amount that needs to be added to a given formulation may be too high and may negatively impact the tactile properties and stability of a given formulation.
The foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention provide a solution to these problems. This solution presupposes a specific combination or blend of saccharides to produce an effective foam booster. The blend may include aldohexoses, ketohexoses, disaccharides, and optionally trisaccharides in combination with longer chain saccharides (e.g., 4 or more monosaccharide units, preferably 4 to 20 monosaccharide units, or more preferably 4 to 10 monosaccharide units). Such saccharide blends are less corrosive to skin and less reactive to ingredients such as blowing agents present in a given foamable liquid formulation. Thus, the addition of a blend of sugars to any given formulation can be used to enhance the foaming properties of the formulation without substantial modification of the product formulation by the formulator.
These and other non-limiting aspects of the invention are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
A. Foam enhancing saccharide blends
1. Saccharide component
Aldohexoses are typically hexoses containing aldehydes. Examples of aldohexoses that may be included in the foam booster include, but are not limited to, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, and talose. Preferably, the aldohexose is glucose, dextrose, or a combination thereof. Aldohexoses such as glucose and dextrose are commercially available from a number of suppliers (e.g., Sigma-aldrich co. llc (st louis, usa); pechem & Specialty Chemicals, new rochel, new york, usa; Honeywell Specialty Chemicals (morriston, usa); corne products international (westchester, illinois usa); Nippon Starch Chemical (osaka, japan)). The amount of aldohexose in the foam enhancing saccharide blend may be 30 wt.% to 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the blend. However, ranges of 30 wt% or less and 50 wt% or more are also contemplated in the context of the present invention (e.g., 1 wt% to 99 wt%, or 5 wt% to 75 wt%).
Ketohexoses are typically ketohexoses. Examples of ketohexose that may be included in the foam booster include, but are not limited to, fructose, psicose, sorbose, and tagatose. Preferably, the ketohexose is fructose. Hexulose, such as fructose, is commercially available from a number of suppliers (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, Mo., U.S.; Parchem fine & Specialty Chemicals, New Rochel, N.Y., U.S.; Honeywell Specialty Chemicals (Morise, N.J.); Corn Products International (Wiskster, Ill., U.S.); Nippon Starch chemical (Osaka, Japan)). The amount of hexulose in the foam-promoting saccharide blend may be from 20 wt% to 55 wt%, or from 20 wt% to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the blend. However, ranges of 20 wt% or less and 55 wt% or more are also contemplated in the context of the present invention (e.g., 1 wt% to 99 wt%, or 5 wt% to 75 wt%).
Disaccharides are compounds formed by covalently bonding two monosaccharides together. Disaccharides are also known as di-carbon sugars or disaccharides. Examples of disaccharides that may be included in the foam booster include, but are not limited to, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Preferably, the disaccharide is maltose. Disaccharides such as maltose are commercially available from a number of suppliers (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, Mo., U.S.; Parchem fine & specialty chemicals, New Rochel, N.Y., U.S.; Honeywell specialty chemicals (Morise Ston, N.J.; Corn Products International (Wiskster, Ill., U.S.); Nippon Starch Chemical (Osaka, Japan)). The amount of disaccharides in the foam-promoting saccharide blend may be from 10 to 25 weight percent, based on the total weight of the blend. However, ranges of 10 wt% or less and 25 wt% or more are also contemplated in the context of the present invention (e.g., 1 wt% to 99 wt%, or 5 wt% to 75 wt%).
Trisaccharides are compounds formed by covalently bonding together three monosaccharides. Examples of trisaccharides that may be included in the foam promoter include, but are not limited to, isomaltotriose, kestose, maltotriose, alpha-bubble D-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 4) - (D-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 4) -D-fructofuranose (maltotriulose), melezitose, and raffinose preferably the trisaccharides are maltotriose trisaccharides such as maltotriose are available from many suppliers (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich co.llc (st louis, micheli, usa); pecem fine & specialty chemicals, new rochel, new york, usa; Honeywell specialty chemicals (morriston, nj usa); n Products International (westksster, usa); Nippon Starch (japan)) commercial blends of saccharides in an amount that promotes foam may be 3% by weight to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the trisaccharides, ranges of 3 wt% or less and 10 wt% or more (e.g., 1 wt% to 99 wt%, or 1 wt% to 75 wt%) are also contemplated within the context of the present invention.
The polysaccharide having at least 4 monosaccharide units may be a linear or branched polymer. Examples of polysaccharides that may be included in the foam boosting agent include, but are not limited to, pullulan, amylose, arabinoxylan, guayule, cellulose, chitin, chrysophyceae laminarin (chrysolaminarin), fucoidan, galactomannan, glycogen, laminarin, and mannan. Preferably, the polysaccharide is composed of 4 to 30 monosaccharide units, preferably 4 to 20 monosaccharide units, more preferably 4 to 10 monosaccharide units. The polysaccharide may be a breakdown product of a larger polysaccharide. Preferably, the polysaccharide is a starch cleavage product. More preferably, the polysaccharide is a corn starch lysate. Even more preferably, the polysaccharide is a hydrolysate of corn starch. In some cases, the polysaccharides contained in the foam boosters disclosed herein are produced by unassisted cleavage of larger polysaccharides and may not be specified. Polysaccharides are commercially available from a number of suppliers (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, Mo., U.S.; Parchem fine & specialty chemicals, New Roche, N.Y.; Honeywell specialty chemicals (Morise Ston, N.J.); Corn Products International (Westchester, Ill., U.S.; Nippon Starch Chemical (Osaka, Japan)). The amount of polysaccharide having at least 4 monosaccharide units in the foam-promoting saccharide blend may be from 5 wt% to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the blend. However, ranges of 5 wt% or less and 20 wt% or more (e.g., 1 wt% to 99 wt%, or 1 wt% to 75 wt%) are also contemplated within the context of the present invention.
2. Non-sugar Components and foam-promoting characteristics of sugar blends
The foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention may comprise other ingredients. For example, additional ingredients may be added to alter the rheological properties of the foam booster or the pH of the foam booster. In a preferred embodiment, the foam booster contains 75% to 99% solids. In another preferred embodiment, the foam promoter contains at least 80% solids, 80% to 88%, 80% to 86%, 82% to 88%, 82% to 86%, 80% to 90%, 82% to 90%, 75% to 88%, or 75% to 86% solids. In a preferred embodiment, the foam booster has a viscosity of 1000 centipoise to 50000 centipoise as measured by a brookfield viscometer model DV-E RVDVE rotor #4 at 30rpm, 25 ℃. In more preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the blend may be from 1000 centipoise to 10000 centipoise, 3000 centipoise to 7000 centipoise, or from about 4000 centipoise to 6000 centipoise, or even more preferably from about 4000 centipoise to 5300 centipoise, 4200 centipoise to 5700 centipoise, 4200 centipoise to 5300 centipoise, 4200 centipoise to 6000 centipoise, or 4000 centipoise to 5700 centipoise. In a preferred embodiment, the foam booster has a pH of 1 to 14 or any range therebetween. In another preferred embodiment, the pH of the foam booster is from 2 to 12, from 3 to 8, from 3 to 7, from 4 to 12, from 4 to 8 or from 4 to 7. In a preferred embodiment, the foam booster is in liquid form. The liquid may be transparent or opaque.
3. Process for preparing foam-promoting saccharide blends
The foam-promoting saccharide blend of the present invention can be prepared by obtaining each component of the blend (i.e., aldohexose, ketohexose, disaccharide and optionally trisaccharide and polysaccharide having 4 or more monosaccharide units) and mixing these components together to make a mixture. In some cases, each component is in powder or granular form, such that the resulting mixture or blend is in powder or granular form. In other cases, each component is in liquid form and the resulting mixture or blend is in liquid or other flowable form. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the blend is a mixture of the individual components dissolved in an aqueous solution. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that each component is chemically inert to the other components of the blend. The following includes non-limiting processes that may be used to prepare the foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention:
a. the components of the blend are added under mixing conditions in a suitable clean and sterile vessel (e.g., a suitable marine blade or a310 blade in a suitable vessel size ratio coupled to a mixer capable of operating at 300rpm to 1000 rpm). Without over-mixing to prevent excess air bubbles from entering the batch.
b. Mixing was continued until a homogeneous solution was formed. In a preferred embodiment, the homogeneous solution may be transparent.
c. The speed is increased as needed to keep the inversion without introducing excessive shear.
d. The mixing was stopped once completed.
The mixing process can be carried out without heating the components or mixture. Thus, the temperature of the blend during manufacture (e.g., during the mixing step described above) can be substantially the same as room temperature (e.g., 15 ℃ to 30 ℃, preferably 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, or about 25 ℃).
4. Effect of foam-promoting saccharide blends on compositions
The foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention may alter the foam characteristics of a given composition (e.g., may generate foam when water is added to a liquid composition or a non-liquid composition such as a solid hand soap). By way of non-limiting example, the foam-promoting saccharide blends of the present invention can render non-foamable compositions foamable. In other instances, the blend can increase foaming capacity, increase the amount of foam, increase foam stability, increase foam density, increase the loading capacity of the foam, alter the texture of the foam, and/or increase the speed at which a given composition produces foam.
Methods of measuring the properties of foams and foam boosters are known in the art. For example, foaming ability and foam stability can be characterized by measuring the foam height or volume of the composition by cylinder vibration. The cylinder vibration method may be performed by: preparing a test composition containing a foaming agent and a liquid with/without a foam promoter, placing the test composition into a cylinder and plugging the cylinder, shaking the cylinder vigorously vertically for a set period of time to stir the test composition, and measuring the volume or height of foam in the cylinder immediately upon completion of the stirring step. An increase in foam volume or height indicates an increase in foaming capacity. Foam stability can then be characterized by determining the rate at which the foam volume or height decreases over time without the test composition being disturbed. A slower decrease in foam volume or height indicates a higher foam stability. In one embodiment, distilled water is used as the liquid, 0.50 wt% foaming surfactant, and 1 wt% to 10 wt% foam promoter is contained/not contained to determine foaming ability and foam stability.
B. Methods of using foam-promoting saccharide blends
The foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention can be used to modify the foam characteristics of the compositions. By way of non-limiting example, the foam booster can render a non-foamable composition foamable, increase foaming capacity, increase foam quantity, increase foam stability, increase foam density, increase loading capacity of the foam, change foam texture, and/or increase production rate of the foam. As other non-limiting examples, the foam promoter may increase the amount of suitable blowing agent capable of producing the desired foam characteristics in the composition, decrease the concentration of blowing agent required to form a foam having the desired characteristics, and/or prevent changes in foam characteristics caused by increasing the concentration of agents that change foam characteristics, such as defoamers.
The foam enhancing saccharide blends of the present invention can be used in a variety of compositions. Non-limiting examples of such compositions include pharmaceutical compositions, cosmetics, personal care products, food products, cleaning compositions, extraction compositions, fracturing fluids, drilling fluids, and gas capture compositions. Preferably, the foam booster is non-toxic and non-irritating. In some preferred embodiments, the foam booster may be used in, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals and/or cosmetics.
The foam boosters can be combined in any concentration in the composition. Preferably, the concentration of the foam booster is sufficient to increase, alter or maintain the foam characteristics of the composition. Non-limiting concentrations of the foam promoter include at least about 0.0001% to 99% by weight of the composition, or any range derivable therein. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises a foam booster blend of 1 to 20, 1 to 15, 1 to 10, 3 to 15, 3 to 10, 1 to 8, or 3 to 8 weight percent of a foam booster.
The foam booster may be combined in a composition containing other ingredients including, but not limited to, active ingredients, foaming agents, defoamers, carriers, structurants, cosmetic ingredients, pharmaceuticals, detergents, fragrances, buffers, solids, oils, and the like. The carrier or vehicle may be a pharmaceutically or dermatologically acceptable carrier or vehicle. Non-limiting examples of carriers or vehicles include water, glycerol, alcohols, oils, silicon-containing compounds, and silicone compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains one or more than one foaming agent, for example one or more than one surfactant. The foaming agent may be a pharmaceutically or dermatologically acceptable surfactant or detergent. Non-limiting examples of lathering surfactants and detergents include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, or amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include polyethoxylated compounds, polypropoxylated compounds, alkanolamides, fatty acids of amine oxides or polyhydric alcohols, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants include carboxylates (e.g., alkyl and polyalkoxy carboxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylates, or nonylphenol ethoxylate carboxylates, or combinations thereof), sulfonates (e.g., alkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, or sulfonated fatty acid esters, or combinations thereof), or sulfates (e.g., sulfated alcohols, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkylphenols, alkyl sulfates, sulfosuccinates, or alkyl ether sulfates, or combinations thereof), or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include monovalent quaternary ammonium salts, ammonium compounds, amido amines or imides, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting amphoteric surfactants include alkylamides, betaines, imidazolines, propionates or sulfobetaines, or combinations thereof. The composition may contain one or more than one anti-foaming agent. Non-limiting examples of anti-foaming agents include oils (e.g., sunflower oil, coconut oil, vegetable oil, skin moisturizers, etc.), fragrances, or solids.
The foam booster may be combined in a variety of different forms of structured or formulated compositions. Non-limiting examples include emulsions (e.g., water-in-oil-in-water, silicone-in-water, water-in-silicone, oil-in-water-in-oil, oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions), solutions (aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and others), anhydrous bases, and gels. Variations of compositions containing the foam boosters described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are suitable for use in the present invention.
All of the foam boosters, compositions, and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the foam boosters, compositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents which are both chemically and physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.