阅读说明：本技术 NiCrAl改性氧化物陶瓷增强铁基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 (NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 李烨飞 李聪 李博 高义民 郑巧玲 李月辉 赵四勇 于 2020-07-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种NiCrAl改性氧化物陶瓷增强铁基复合材料及其制备方法和应用,将YSZ<Sub>P</Sub>清洗干净并烘干；将YSZ<Sub>P</Sub>放入三维球磨机中球磨处理；采用磁控溅射的方法在YSZ<Sub>P</Sub>表面镀覆NiCrAl镍铬铝合金,进行表面金属化；将镀覆后的YSZ<Sub>P</Sub>和微米级NiCrAl粉末在粘结剂中混合；随后在模具中定型,获得具有蜂巢状结构的预制体；随后对蜂巢状预制体进行烧结处理；将预制体放入砂箱中并固定,浇铸金属铁液,获得具有良好界面结合性能的复合材料。本发明通过表面镀覆NiCr金属镀层,随后与金属粉末NiCrAl进行烧结处理,最后浇铸基体金属液,可以获得具有优异耐磨性的金属基复合材料,其界面结合方式为冶金结合。(The invention discloses a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and YSZ is prepared by P Cleaning and drying; mixing YSZ P Putting the mixture into a three-dimensional ball mill for ball milling treatment; by magnetron sputtering on YSZ P Plating NiCrAl alloy on the surface, and carrying out surface metallization; subjecting the plated YSZ to P Mixing with micron NiCrAl powder in adhesive; then shaping in a mould to obtainObtaining a prefabricated body with a honeycomb structure; then sintering the honeycomb-shaped prefabricated body; and placing the prefabricated body into a sand box, fixing, and casting molten metal iron to obtain the composite material with good interface bonding performance. According to the invention, the metal matrix composite material with excellent wear resistance can be obtained by plating a NiCr metal coating on the surface, then sintering the NiCr metal coating and metal powder NiCrAl, and finally casting matrix metal liquid, wherein the interface bonding mode is metallurgical bonding.)

1. A preparation method of NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material is characterized in that YSZ is subjected to_PPerforming ball milling treatment; then adopting magnetron sputtering method to carry out alignment on YSZ_PSurface metallization of ceramic particles on YSZ_PPlating NiCrAl alloy on the surface of the ceramic particles; subjecting the plated YSZ to_PMixing the ceramic particles and the micron-sized NiCrAl powder with a binder; then shaping to obtain a prefabricated body with a honeycomb structure; then sintering the prefabricated body; and fixing the prefabricated body, and then casting molten metal iron to obtain the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein YSZ is subjected to ball milling before the step of preparing the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic-reinforced iron-based composite material_PThe ceramic particles are cleaned, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the soaking time in alcohol is 10-20 min, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 5-25 min.

3. The preparation method of the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the ball milling treatment is 50-150 r/min, the duration is 1-10 h, and a 5-60 mesh screen is used for filtering YSZ_PCeramic particles.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material is prepared by YSZ_PNiCrAl-Ni-Al alloy plated on surface of ceramic particleIn the gold process, the vacuum degree of the cavity is controlled to be 1.0 multiplied by 10^-3～1.0×10^-2Pa, Ar as protective gas during plating, YSZ being continuously rotated and contained during plating_PAnd the rotating disc takes a NiCrAl alloy target as a cathode, and the nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy layer with uniform thickness is obtained by controlling the current, bias voltage and plating time of magnetron sputtering.

5. The preparation method of the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the current is 1-5A, the bias voltage is 90-150V, and the plating time is 30 min-6 h.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the YSZ is applied after coating_PCeramic particles and micron-sized NiCrAl powder accounting for 10-30% of the mass of the ceramic are ball-milled and then are evenly mixed with a binder accounting for 2-8% of the total mass of the mixed powder.

7. The preparation method of the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering treatment of the preform comprises:

putting the prefabricated body into a vacuum tube furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, then heating to 900-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, then reducing the temperature to 1000-1150 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, reducing the temperature to 700-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6-8 ℃/min, finally reducing the temperature to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and cooling along with the furnace.

8. The preparation method of the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic-reinforced iron-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature for casting the molten metal iron is 1550-1650 ℃, and the molten metal iron is cooled for 16-24 hours.

9. A NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material, characterized in that it is prepared according to the method of claim 1.

10. Use of a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron based composite according to claim 9 in a wear part.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant material preparation, and particularly relates to a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The oxide ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant material is widely applied to important wear-resistant parts in the fields of mines, metallurgy, cement, electric power and the like, and because the domestic large wear-resistant parts have poor stability and wear resistance and short service life, the severe requirements of the safety and stability of the drum in the application working conditions of large elevators, cranes, hydropower stations, ship accessories, port machines and the like are difficult to meet, so that domestic large key wear-resistant parts are mainly imported abroad equipment at present.

The ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material introduces a reinforcing phase into a matrix, provides excellent hardness and wear resistance, and the high-chromium cast iron matrix provides good toughness and high strength. Carbide ceramics, boride ceramics and oxide ceramics, which are currently the most widely used reinforcing particles, in which WC forms Fe with the matrix at the interface₃W₃C, forming metallurgical bonding on the interface, but the tungsten carbide ceramic is expensive and high in manufacturing cost, and cracks are easily generated on the interface due to thermal stress; boride is low in cost, but has high brittleness, and the toughening difficulty is improved; the alumina ceramic has higher hardness and is matched with the physical properties of the steel matrix, but the alumina ceramic is hardly wetted with the steel matrix and has larger brittleness; YSZ ceramic due to itsMedium ZrO of₂Self-toughening effect and Y of ceramics₂O₃The excellent stability can be used as an ideal reinforcing phase for replacing alumina ceramic, but the YSZ ceramic and the metal matrix iron interface are still mechanically combined, and the service life and the service safety of the composite material are seriously influenced. Therefore, how to improve YSZ_PThe interface combination of the ceramic and the substrate is still a hot problem for the research of numerous scholars at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, wherein YSZ is subjected to_PThe ceramic surface treatment effectively improves the interface bonding performance and the wear resistance of the composite material.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material, for YSZ_PPerforming ball milling treatment; then adopting magnetron sputtering method to carry out alignment on YSZ_PSurface metallization of ceramic particles on YSZ_PPlating NiCrAl alloy on the surface of the ceramic particles; subjecting the plated YSZ to_PMixing the ceramic particles and the micron-sized NiCrAl powder with a binder; then shaping to obtain a prefabricated body with a honeycomb structure; then sintering the prefabricated body; and fixing the prefabricated body, and then casting molten metal iron to obtain the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material.

Specifically, YSZ is firstly treated before ball milling treatment_PThe ceramic particles are cleaned, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the soaking time in alcohol is 10-20 min, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 5-25 min.

Specifically, the rotation speed of ball milling treatment is 50-150 r/min, the duration is 1-10 h, and a mesh screen with 5-60 meshes is used for filtering YSZ_PCeramic particles.

In particular, in YSZ_PIn the process of plating NiCrAl alloy on the surface of the ceramic particles, the vacuum degree of the cavity is controlled to be 1.0 multiplied by 10^-3～1.0×10^-2Pa, Ar as protective gas during plating, YSZ being continuously rotated and contained during plating_PA turntable, toThe NiCrAl alloy target is a cathode, and the nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy layer with uniform thickness is obtained by controlling the current, bias voltage and plating time of magnetron sputtering.

Further, the current is 1-5A, the bias voltage is 90-150V, and the plating time is 30 min-6 h.

Specifically, YSZ after plating_PCeramic particles and micron-sized NiCrAl powder accounting for 10-30% of the mass of the ceramic are ball-milled and then are evenly mixed with a binder accounting for 2-8% of the total mass of the mixed powder.

Specifically, the sintering treatment of the preform specifically comprises:

putting the prefabricated body into a vacuum tube furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, then heating to 900-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, then reducing the temperature to 1000-1150 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, reducing the temperature to 700-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6-8 ℃/min, finally reducing the temperature to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and cooling along with the furnace.

Specifically, the temperature of the cast molten metal iron is 1550-1650 ℃, and the cast molten metal iron is cooled for 16-24 hours.

According to another technical scheme, the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material is prepared according to the method.

The other technical scheme of the invention is the application of the NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material in the wear-resistant part.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

the invention relates to a preparation method of a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material, which is characterized in that a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering method is adopted to carry out YSZ_PThe NiCrAl alloy is deposited on the surface, and as Ni and Cr can be effectively dissolved in the matrix in a solid solution manner, the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the matrix are improved; in YSZ_PThe problem of poor interface bonding of the composite material and the like is hopeful to be solved by plating the nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy on the surface of the ceramic. YSZ after magnetron sputtering coating_PSintering of ceramic and fine NiCrAl powderThe sintering necks are formed among the particles, so that the thickness of the interface transition layer can be effectively increased, and Al generated at the interface is effectively increased₂O₃The oxidation resistance of the interface layer is increased, a reinforcing effect is generated, and the bonding strength of the interface between the YSZ and the substrate is further improved.

Further, since the ceramic particles are obtained by crushing the monolithic ceramic in a crusher, a large amount of impurities are present on the surface thereof by mixing YSZ_PUltrasonic cleaning in alcohol can clean the impurities on the surface of the ceramic particles without damaging the ceramic, and then drying.

Further, YSZ is prepared_PThe ceramic is subjected to low-speed ball milling treatment in a ball mill, so that the surface activity of the ceramic is increased, the surface roughness of particles is improved, a metal coating is easier to deposit on the surface of the ceramic, and the bonding performance of the ceramic and metal is improved. In the ball milling process, the particles with irregular shapes can be collided with the tip part and even fall off, and most of the particles are approximately spherical, so that the prefabricated body is in an open pore state when prepared subsequently, and the casting infiltration effect in the casting process is facilitated.

Further, ZrO₂The composite material has poor wettability with a substrate, and cracks are easily generated in the use process of the composite material, even the service life is seriously influenced, so that the interface bonding performance of the ceramic and the metal can be effectively improved by plating a metal coating on the surface of the ceramic. The Ni-based high-temperature alloy is widely applied to the fields of thermal barrier coatings, cold spraying, supersonic plasma spraying and the like, and can improve the bonding performance of the coating and a substrate, so that NiCrAl can be used as the most potential material for improving the bonding performance of a composite material interface.

Further, YSZ after plating_PThe ceramic is mixed with a certain proportion of micron-sized NiCrAl powder binder, a thicker metal coating is formed on the surface of particles, and the thick metal coating is sintered into a prefabricated body, so that the porosity and the crushing strength of the prefabricated body are measured, and the proportion is selected according to the result summarized by a large amount of experimental data. After sintering treatment, sintering necks are formed among the particles to form metallurgical bonding, and the preform with higher bonding strength is obtained by adjusting the proportion.

Further, the honeycomb-shaped prefabricated body is subjected to sintering heat treatment, so that the NiCrAl powder on the surface of the ceramic is combined with the granular NiCrAl powder between the granules, the bonding strength between the ceramics is improved, the NiCrAl powder is wrapped between the granules loosely before heat treatment, gaps between the ceramic granules are filled, a large amount of heat is needed in the casting process to firstly melt the NiCrAl, and the large amount of NiCrAl is dissolved in a metal matrix, the bonding effect of the NiCrAl is greatly reduced, and therefore, the prefabricated body is in a pore-opening shape through the sintering treatment of the prefabricated body, and the fluidity of molten metal between the granules is improved.

Furthermore, the molten metal can be kept in a liquid state for a long time through the bottom pouring type casting process, so that the molten metal is more fully cast and infiltrated in the prefabricated body, and the casting and infiltration effect of the composite layer is ensured. Compared with the traditional process of directly casting on the upper part of the cavity, the process has the advantages that the pouring gate is placed on the side wall of the cavity, so that the thermal impact of molten metal on the prefabricated body in the casting process can be effectively reduced, and the integrity of the prefabricated body in the composite material is ensured.

The invention discloses a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based wear-resistant part, which is prepared by the invention, and the high-chromium cast iron-based composite material with a pinning effect is prepared by processing a prefabricated body into a honeycomb shape, so that the penetration thickness of molten metal in the ceramic prefabricated body is increased, and the contact area and the bonding strength between ceramic and the substrate are improved by a cylindrical metal substrate which is inserted in the ceramic prefabricated body, so that the ceramic particles of the composite material are prevented from being peeled off in the service process. The prepared composite material is spliced on the outer wall of the winding drum by a secondary compounding method, so that the winding drum with high wear resistance and long service life is obtained.

In summary, the invention can obtain the metal matrix composite material with excellent wear resistance by coating the NiCr metal coating on the surface, then sintering the NiCr metal coating and the metal powder NiCrAl, and finally casting the base metal liquid, wherein the interface bonding mode is metallurgical bonding.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cast-infiltration method for preparing a composite layer according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the composite layers and the roll of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows an example 1 of the present invention in which NiCr alloy layer YSZ is plated_PTissue photograph of the cross section.

Wherein, 1, casting a dead head; 2. molding; 3. molding sand; 4. a cavity; 5. prefabricating a body; 6. a steel wire; 7. molding; 8. a substrate; 9. compounding layers; 10. a reel; YSZ_PCeramic particles.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a preparation method of a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material, which is prepared by stabilizing yttria zirconia ceramic particles (YSZ)_P) Ultrasonic cleaning in alcohol, and drying; to increase YSZ when magnetron sputtering NiCrAl_PThe deposition point of the ceramic particles further improves the plating efficiency, and the YSZ with irregular shape_PCarrying out low-speed ball milling treatment on ceramic particles; by magnetron sputtering on YSZ_PPlating NiCrAl alloy on the surface of the ceramic particles to metalize the surface of the ceramic particles, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and drying on the ceramic particles; YSZ of NiCrAl-plated layer after surface modification_PUniformly mixing ceramic particles and micron-sized NiCrAl powder in a binder; then placing the mixture into a mould for shaping, and drying the mixture in a vacuum drying box to obtain a prefabricated body with a honeycomb structure; then sintering the prefabricated body to form sintering necks among the particles so as to improve the bonding strength of the particles; and (3) placing the honeycomb-shaped prefabricated body into a sand box at a fixed position, casting molten metal into the sand mould, and cooling to obtain the composite material with higher wear resistance. The invention uses the method of magnetron sputtering to deposit on YSZ_PThe NiCrAl plating layer is plated on the surface of the ceramic particles, and the YSZ can be obviously improved after the NiCrAl alloy plating layer and the NiCrAl alloy powder are sintered_PThe bonding properties between the ceramic particles and the iron matrix. The metal transition layer at the interface of the wear-resistant composite material prepared by the technology forms a metallurgical bonding interface, so that the bonding strength of the ceramic and the matrix is improved, and the service life of the wear-resistant part is prolonged.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a NiCrAl modified oxide ceramic reinforced iron-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:

s1, mixing YSZ_PSoaking the ceramic particles in alcohol for 10-20 min, then cleaning the ceramic particles for 5-25 min by using ultrasonic waves, and further drying the ceramic particles in a vacuum drying oven;

s2, shape irregular YSZ_PPutting the mixture into a three-dimensional ball mill for ball milling treatment at a rotating speed of 50-150 r/min for 1-10 h to ensure that YSZ_PThe ceramic particles obtain micro-roughened surfaces, bonding sites of NiCrAl alloy in the subsequent plating process are increased, the plating efficiency is further improved, and a 5-60-mesh screen is used for filtering YSZ_PCeramic particles;

s3 method of using magnetron sputtering on YSZ_PDepositing NiCrAl alloy on the surface of ceramic particles to metallize the surface, wherein the vacuum degree of the cavity is 1.0X 10^-3～1.0×10^-2Pa, Ar as protective gas during plating, with purity of 99.99%, and YSZ for improving the bonding performance between the plating layer and the substrate_PPreheating ceramic particles at 100-350 ℃, and continuously rotating and holding YSZ in the plating process_PThe method comprises the following steps of (1) controlling the current of magnetron sputtering to be 1-5A, the bias voltage to be 90-150V and the plating time to be 30 min-6 h to obtain a uniform nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy layer with the required thickness by using a NiCrAl alloy target as a cathode, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and drying treatment;

s4 YSZ to be plated with NiCrAl layer_PBall-milling ceramic particles and micron-sized NiCrAl powder accounting for 10% -30% of the mass of the ceramic, uniformly mixing the ceramic particles and the micron-sized NiCrAl powder in a binder accounting for 2% -8% of the total mass of mixed powder, then placing the mixture into a mold with a specific size for shaping, and drying to obtain a prefabricated body with a honeycomb structure;

s5, carrying out high-temperature sintering heat treatment on the honeycomb-shaped preform to form thicker metal coatings on the surfaces of the particles and form sintering necks among the particles, so that the bonding strength is improved, and the corresponding porosity is ensured;

placing the honeycomb-shaped preform into a vacuum tube furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, then heating to 900-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, and then taking the temperature of 3-5 ℃ -Heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of min, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h, and improving the substrate and YSZ_PThe bonding strength among the ceramic particles is reduced to 1000-1150 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, reduced to 700-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6-8 ℃/min, reduced to 300-400 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and cooled along with a furnace.

S6, placing the honeycomb-shaped prefabricated body into a sand mold with a specific size for fixing, cooling for 16-24 hours at the liquid metal casting temperature of 1550-1650 ℃, obtaining the composite material with high wear resistance, and then splicing the prepared composite material on the outer wall of the winding drum by using a secondary compounding method, thereby obtaining the winding drum with high wear resistance and long service life.

Referring to fig. 1, the casting head comprises an upper die 2 and a lower die 7, a cavity 4 is arranged between the upper die 2 and the lower die 7, molding sand 3 is arranged between the cavity 4 and the upper die 2 and the lower die 7, a preform 5 is arranged in the cavity of the lower die 7, the preform 5 is fixed through a steel wire 6, and a casting head 1 is arranged above the upper die 2. Prepared composite material matrix and YSZ_PThe relative content of the ceramic particles is 60-90% and 10-40%, respectively. Machining the cooled composite material to obtain a composite material having the shape shown in FIG. 2, wherein a plurality of YSZs are provided on the base 8_PAnd (3) splicing the prepared composite layer 9 on the outer wall of the winding drum 10 by using a secondary compounding method to obtain the winding drum with high wear resistance and long service life by using the ceramic particles 11.

Because active elements such as Ni, Ti, Co and Cr can form a transition layer with good mechanical property at the interface between a matrix and a ceramic or improve the wettability of the ceramic, the problem of interface bonding between a ceramic reinforcing phase and the matrix interface can be effectively solved, the surface of the oxide ceramic has larger polar bonds and poorer bonding property with a metal matrix, and a metal coating is plated on the surface of the oxide ceramic by adopting a physical vapor deposition method through roughening and activating the surface of the oxide ceramic so as to form a metal bond with the matrix. The NiCrAl alloy has excellent performances of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, and is mainly used as a binder between a thermal expansion coating and ceramics in the high-temperature coating. The invention is through the pair YSZ_PMetallization of ceramic surfacesThe original mechanical bonding interface of the ceramic and the metal matrix is changed into metallurgical bonding between the metal transition layer and the metal matrix, so that the bonding strength of the interface and the mechanical property and the tribological property of the composite material are improved, and the novel wear-resistant winding drum with high impact resistance and wear resistance is obtained.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.