阅读说明：本技术 一种探究无机盐对植物生长影响的教学实验方法 (Teaching experiment method for researching influence of inorganic salt on plant growth ) 是由 黄小娜 杨继富 黄婷 于 2020-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种探究无机盐对植物生长影响的教学实验方法。按下述步骤进行:a.培养小麦幼苗：将毛巾垫入盆中后喷洒自来水于毛巾上,然后将多粒同品系且饱满的小麦种子播种在毛巾上,于10±1℃环境遮光暗萌发2周后可得到小麦幼苗；b.制作培养盆：取3个同规格容器,分别倒入同体积雪碧、自来水和土壤浸出液,并做好相应标记制得培养盆；c.移栽小麦幼苗至培养盆中：c1.选取9株生长状况大体相同的小麦幼苗,分为3组,分别测量每组小麦幼苗的最大株高和最大根长；培养2周后再记录；将最后记录结果与未培养前进行对比。本发明具有原料易得,实验设备简单,安全性好,实验结果说服力更强的特点。(The invention discloses a teaching experiment method for researching influence of inorganic salt on plant growth. The method comprises the following steps of a, culturing wheat seedlings: the method comprises the following steps of (1) filling a towel into a basin, spraying tap water on the towel, then sowing a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain on the towel, and carrying out dark germination in a shading environment at 10 +/-1 ℃ for 2 weeks to obtain wheat seedlings; b. making a culture pot: taking 3 containers with the same specification, respectively pouring the same volume of the sprite, tap water and soil leachate, and making corresponding marks to prepare culture pots; c. transplanting the wheat seedlings into a culture pot: c1. selecting 9 wheat seedlings with the same growth conditions, dividing the wheat seedlings into 3 groups, and respectively measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of each group of wheat seedlings; after 2 weeks of culture, recording; the final recorded results were compared to those before incubation. The invention has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple experimental equipment, good safety and stronger persuasion of experimental results.)

1. A teaching experiment method for researching influence of inorganic salt on plant growth is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. culturing wheat seedlings: the method comprises the following steps of (1) filling a towel into a basin, spraying tap water on the towel, then sowing a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain on the towel, and carrying out dark germination in a 10 ℃ environment in a dark shading mode for 2 weeks to obtain wheat seedlings;

b. making a culture pot: taking 3 containers with the same specification, respectively pouring the same volume of the sprite, tap water and soil leachate, and making corresponding marks to prepare culture pots;

c. transplanting the wheat seedlings into a culture pot:

c1. selecting 9 wheat seedlings with the same growth conditions, dividing the wheat seedlings into 3 groups, and respectively measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of each group of wheat seedlings;

c2. respectively transplanting 3 groups of wheat seedlings with the measured maximum plant height and maximum root length into the culture pot in the step b for culture, and respectively marking the leaf color, the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of the 3 groups of wheat seedlings; observing the color of the leaf for one time in 3d in the culture process, and recording; observing the color of the leaves at the moment after 2 weeks, measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of 3 groups of wheat seedlings at the moment respectively, and recording; and finally comparing the recorded result with the recorded result before culturing.

2. The teaching experiment method for studying the influence of inorganic salt on the growth of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step a is specifically to cultivate wheat seedlings: the sterilized towel is padded in a sterilized basin, a proper amount of tap water is sprayed on the towel, then a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain are selected, the wheat seeds are sterilized by 75% alcohol for 30s and then sowed on the towel, and the wheat seedlings can be obtained after the wheat seeds germinate in dark shading at the temperature of 10 +/-1 ℃ for 2 weeks.

3. A teaching experiment method for studying the effect of inorganic salts on plant growth as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step b, the volumes of the sprite, the tap water and the soil extract are all 200 ml.

4. The teaching experiment method for studying the influence of inorganic salt on the growth of plants according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the basin is a domestic washbasin; in the step b, the container is a flowerpot with the caliber of 8cm and the height of 12 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to biological course teaching experiments, in particular to a teaching experiment method for researching the influence of inorganic salt on plant growth.

Background

Biology is a natural science based on experiments, so the research experiment plays an important role in biological teaching. Biological experiments are an important method for biological science research and are the basis for biological science development; biological experiments are also the best mode for culturing the innovation consciousness of students, and are irreplaceable ways for promoting the comprehensive development of comprehensive qualities of the students. Can help the student to build knowledge through the experiment, deepen understanding and the grasp to the problem, can also arouse student's learning passion, improve scientific quality.

The inventor finds that the demonstration experiment of the 'comparison of the growth conditions of corn seedlings in distilled water and soil leachate' of the first biological teaching material has the following defects in long-term research on the biological education and teaching in middle schools:

the experimental materials are not suitable. The original experimental material is corn seedlings, which are easily affected by seasons. Because corn can only grow normally when sown in spring, sowing at low temperature in winter can inhibit plant growth.

② experimental instruments are not easy to get. Glassware test tubes, beakers, culture dishes and the like in the original experiment belong to special teaching experimental instruments and are generally only available in laboratories. After having seen a teacher's presentation, these instruments are not readily available to students when they are performing a study in class.

And thirdly, the experimental reagent has strong toxicity. In the original experiment, a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution is used for disinfection before wheat seedlings are cultured, then the wheat seedlings are rinsed for more than three times by distilled water, and then the wheat seedlings are sown after being swelled by distilled water at 10 ℃ for 12 hours, wherein the 0.1% mercuric chloride solution used in the process belongs to a special disinfectant for laboratories, and has the advantages of strong disinfection capacity, high irritation and corrosivity, high toxicity, corrosion effect on metal utensils, strong toxicity on people and livestock and difficult acquisition in the market.

And experimental results lack of scientificity. The original experiment only has a group of control groups of distilled water, and the experimental result has no persuasion and is lack of scientificity.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a teaching experiment method for researching the influence of inorganic salt on plant growth. The invention has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple experimental equipment, good safety and stronger persuasion of experimental results.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a teaching experiment method for researching influence of inorganic salt on plant growth is carried out according to the following steps:

a. culturing wheat seedlings: the method comprises the following steps of (1) filling a towel into a basin, spraying tap water on the towel, then sowing a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain on the towel, and carrying out dark germination in a 10 ℃ environment in a dark shading mode for 2 weeks to obtain wheat seedlings;

b. making a culture pot: taking 3 containers with the same specification, respectively pouring the same volume of the sprite, tap water and soil leachate, and making corresponding marks to prepare culture pots;

c. transplanting the wheat seedlings into a culture pot:

c1. selecting 9 wheat seedlings with the same growth conditions, dividing the wheat seedlings into 3 groups, and respectively measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of each group of wheat seedlings;

c2. respectively transplanting 3 groups of wheat seedlings with the measured maximum plant height and maximum root length into the culture pot in the step b for culture, and respectively marking the leaf color, the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of the 3 groups of wheat seedlings; observing the color of the leaf for one time in 3d in the culture process, and recording; observing the color of the leaves at the moment after 2 weeks, measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of 3 groups of wheat seedlings at the moment respectively, and recording; and finally comparing the recorded result with the recorded result before culturing.

The step a of the teaching experiment method for researching the influence of inorganic salt on the plant growth specifically comprises the following steps of: the sterilized towel is padded in a sterilized basin, a proper amount of tap water is sprayed on the towel, then a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain are selected, the wheat seeds are sterilized by 75% alcohol for 30s and then sowed on the towel, and the wheat seedlings can be obtained after the wheat seeds germinate in dark shading at the temperature of 10 +/-1 ℃ for 2 weeks.

In the step b of the teaching experiment method for researching the influence of inorganic salt on the plant growth, the volumes of the sprite, the tap water and the soil leaching solution are all 200 ml.

In the step a of the teaching experiment method for researching the influence of inorganic salt on the growth of plants, the basin is a domestic washbasin; in the step b, the container is a flowerpot with the caliber of 8cm and the height of 12 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention uses wheat seedling to replace corn seedling in original experiment. Because wheat seeds are easily obtained in the market, the experimental phenomenon is obvious when the wheat seeds are cultured in winter, and the price of the wheat seeds is low, so that the expenditure can be saved.

Secondly, the invention uses flowerpots with the caliber of 8cm and the height of 12cm to replace test tubes in the original experiment; the culture dish in the original experiment was replaced by a washbasin. Since the test tube and the culture dish belong to special laboratory instruments and are fragile, glass instruments such as the test tube and the culture dish are inconvenient to purchase in daily life, and flowerpots and washbasins are common daily necessities in daily life and are easy to obtain. Therefore, the experimental device is simpler, and is more beneficial for students to do experiments by hands after class, so that the manual ability of the students is enhanced, and the teaching effect is better.

③ the invention uses 75 percent alcohol to replace 0.1 percent mercuric chloride solution in the original experiment. Although the 0.1% mercuric chloride solution has strong disinfection capability, the mercuric chloride solution has strong thorn corrosivity, irritation and toxicity, can corrode metal utensils, can kill people and livestock with poison, and has great harm, so the mercuric chloride solution is not easy to obtain in the market. 75% alcohol is usually available in drugstores and is a common disinfectant in life. Therefore, the invention has better safety.

And fourthly, the invention designs three groups of culture conditions of the sprite, the tap water and the soil leachate to replace two groups of culture conditions of the distilled water and the soil leachate in the original experiment. In order to avoid the defect that only one control group of distilled water is used in the original experiment, two control groups of the sprite and tap water are additionally arranged, so that the experimental result is more convincing. Because of the sprite is colourless, can not dye the root of plant, choose for use the sprite to cultivate and can not cause the influence to the observation of plant root, if choose for use colored beverage such as coke to cultivate, can dye the root, can cause serious puzzlement to the observation of root.

In conclusion, the invention has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple experimental equipment, good safety and stronger persuasion of experimental results.

In order to verify the advantageous effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted the following experiments:

examples of the experiments.

1.1 purpose of the experiment

Comparing the growth conditions of wheat seedlings in the aspects of plant height, root length, leaf color and the like in the aspects of the sprite, tap water and soil leachate.

② knowing the species of the substances needed by the growth of the plants.

1.2 principle of the experiment

The soil leachate contains inorganic salt which can enable wheat seedlings to grow normally.

1.3 Experimental materials and tools

A plurality of wheat seeds, three identical flowerpots (the caliber is 8cm, the height is 12cm), a graduated scale, a notebook, a recording pen, three pieces of label paper, a towel, a washbasin, 75% alcohol, 200ml of sprite, 200ml of tap water, 200ml of soil leachate with the concentration of 50%, and the like.

1.4 Experimental procedures

1.4.1 culture of wheat seedlings

Firstly, a sterilized towel is padded in a sterilized washbasin, a proper amount of tap water is sprayed on the towel, then a plurality of plump wheat seeds of the same strain are selected, the wheat seeds are sterilized for 30s by 75% alcohol and then sowed on the towel in the washbasin, and wheat seedlings can be obtained after the wheat seeds germinate in dark for 2 weeks in a shading environment at 10 +/-1 ℃.

1.4.2 making culture pots

Taking 3 flowerpots with the same size (the caliber is 8cm, the height is 12cm), respectively measuring 200ml of the sprite, tap water and soil leachate (three reagents are commonly and easily obtained in daily life), and pouring the reagents into the 3 flowerpots. And label paper is used for marking the No. 1 culture pot sprite, the No. 2 culture pot tap water and the No. 3 culture pot soil leachate.

1.4.3 transplanting wheat seedlings into a culture pot

Firstly, 9 wheat seedlings with the same growth conditions are selected and divided into 3 groups, and the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of each group of wheat seedlings are respectively measured by a graduated scale.

And secondly, transplanting 3 groups of wheat seedlings with the measured maximum plant height and maximum root length into three prepared culture pots for culture, and marking the leaf colors, the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of the 3 groups of wheat seedlings on label paper respectively. Leaf color was observed once 3d during the culture and recorded. The last observation was made 2 weeks later, the leaf color at this time was observed, and the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of 3 groups of wheat seedlings at this time were measured, respectively, and recorded on the record book. And finally comparing the experimental result with that before the culture.

1.5 results of the experiment

The growth of wheat seedlings in 3 pots is described.

2 results and analysis of the experiments

2.1 record of the experiment

The main materials are as follows: (2 weeks from seed to wheat seedling; then 3 groups of 1 pot each, cultured with the respective extracts of snow Bill, tap water and soil extract, 28 days for the whole experiment.)

② culture conditions: about 10 DEG C

No. 1 culture pot: cultivation of sprite

No. 2 culture pot: culture in tap water

No. 3 culture pot: cultivation of soil extract

In order to achieve the purposes of economy and low cost of the experiment, a washbasin is used for replacing a culture dish, and a towel (capable of keeping sufficient moisture and not easy to lose moisture) is used for replacing filter paper, as shown in figure 1. Before culturing wheat seedlings, a sterilized towel is padded in a sterilized washbasin, a proper amount of tap water is sprayed on the towel, the towel is kept wet so that enough water can be absorbed by the wheat seedlings, and finally, sterilized wheat seeds are sown on the towel sprayed with the tap water and cultured at 10 ℃. And observing once after 3d, sprinkling water once every 3d to ensure sufficient water, and culturing for two weeks to obtain the wheat seedlings shown in the figure 1 a. FIG. 1b is an experimental apparatus for culturing wheat seedlings in different water qualities, wherein 9 wheat seedlings are prepared, the wheat seedlings are divided into 3 groups according to growth vigor, the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of the 3 groups of wheat seedlings are measured respectively, then the wheat seedlings are placed in 200ml of sprite, 200ml of tap water and 200ml of soil leaching solution with the concentration of 50%, the color of leaves at the moment and the maximum plant height and the maximum root length at the moment are marked on label paper, then the wheat seedlings are placed at 10 ℃ for culturing, the growth condition of the wheat seedlings is observed for one time for 3d, and the wheat seedlings after being cultured for 14d are shown in FIG. 1 c. As can be seen from the measurement of wheat in FIG. 1d, the plant height and root length of wheat in the No. 1 pot cultured in the way of the wheat seedlings cultured in the way of the sprite are not substantially changed after 14d, but the leaves start to turn yellow at the 6 th day after the start of the culture and completely turn yellow at the 14 th day after the start of the culture. No. 2 cultivation pot shows wheat seedling cultured in tap water, and the 14 th leaf after cultivation is a little yellow, and the plant height and root length have small changes. The No. 3 culture pot shows wheat seedlings cultured by soil leachate, after 14d of culture, the color of leaves accords with the natural rule, the leaves are not changed and still green, and the plant height and the root length of the wheat seedlings are greatly changed.

2.2 results of the experiment

TABLE 1 comparison of post-culture and pre-culture

The data before and after cultivation were obtained by measuring the maximum plant height and the maximum root length of the young wheat in three pots and recording the leaf color, as shown in table 1. From the measurement results in table 1, it was found that the color of wheat seedlings cultured in pot No. 1 (sprite) changed from green to yellow, the plant height changed from 12.5cm to 13.0cm, and the root length remained unchanged or 15.0 cm; the color of wheat seedlings cultured in No. 2 culture pot (tap water) is changed from green to yellowish, the plant height is changed from 10.0cm to 18.5cm, and the root length is changed from 20.5cm to 22.0 cm; wheat seedlings cultured in No. 3 pot (soil extract) were unchanged in color and remained green, with plant height changed from 12.0cm to 23.0cm, and root length changed from 15.0cm to 18.0 cm. It can be seen that the growth of wheat seedlings cultured in soil extracts was best, the growth of wheat seedlings cultured in tap water was next to that of wheat seedlings, and the growth of wheat seedlings cultured in tobamon was worst.

3 comparison with the original experimental analysis

3.1 selection of test materials

The experimental material selected in the original experiment is corn seedlings, but the corn seeds are influenced by seasons, the culture phenomenon is not obvious in winter, and the experimental result is not persuasive. The material selected in the experiment is the wheat seedling, the wheat seed is easy to obtain in the market, the experiment phenomenon is obvious when the wheat seed is cultured in winter, and the price of the wheat seed is low, so that the expenditure can be saved.

3.2 design of the experiment

The culture apparatus selected in the original experiment is a glassware test tube, which belongs to a special laboratory instrument and is fragile. In addition, only one group of control groups of distilled water is used in the original experiment, and the experimental result is not convincing and lacks scientificity. The test tube is replaced by the flowerpot for experimental design, the flowerpot is low in price, and the cost can be saved. The experimental design of the invention also adds a group of distilled water control groups in the original experiment as two groups of control groups of the sprite and the tap water, so that the experimental result is more convincing.

3.3 reagents

The experiment disinfectant of the invention adopts 75% alcohol to replace 0.1% mercuric chloride solution in the original experiment, and the 75% alcohol has no corrosivity and little harm to people, is easy to buy and has higher applicability.

3.4 Experimental procedures

The experimental steps of the original experiment are complex, the experimental steps of the invention are simple, and the experimental difficulty and the price are both reduced.

4 conclusion

According to the analysis and discussion of the experimental results, the wheat seedlings as the alternative materials are easy to operate, the experimental results are not influenced by seasons, the materials are easy to obtain and the wheat seedlings are easy to culture, so that the defect that the corn seedlings are used as the experimental materials is overcome, the purpose of original experimental innovation is achieved, and the basic requirements of low-cost experiments for standard development of new courses are met. The experimental result is consistent with the expected result, so the experimental innovation and improvement has practicability and feasibility and can be applied to the actual biological experiment teaching.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the growth of wheat seedlings at different periods.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.