阅读说明：本技术 一种纳米发动机及其提供动力的方法和纳米机器人 (Nano engine, method for providing power by nano engine and nano robot ) 是由 孙若为 孙一绮 于 2019-04-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于纳米科技领域,尤其涉及一种纳米发动机及其提供动力的方法和纳米机器人。本发明提供的纳米发动机包括：壳体,壳体的内腔被隔离板分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；第一腔室的室壁上设置有开口；固定在隔离板上的阴极和阳极,阴极和阳极均是一端位于所述第一腔室,另一端位于第二腔室,阴极和阳极位于第二腔室的一端通过导线相连；贯穿第二腔室的排气管,排气管的进气端位于所述第一腔室,排气管的出气端位于壳体外部。本发明针对现有化学能驱动的纳米发动机动力不足,无法长时间提供足够动力维持运作的缺点,提供了一种全新结构的纳米发动机,该纳米发动机可利用两步反应获得动力,因此在动力持久性上更具优势,运行时长可得到很大的提高。(The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a nano engine, a method for providing power by using the nano engine and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is arranged on the wall of the first chamber; the cathode and the anode are fixed on the partition plate, one ends of the cathode and the anode are positioned in the first cavity, the other ends of the cathode and the anode are positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity; the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell. The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation.)

1. A nano-engine, comprising:

the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;

the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;

the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell.

2. The nano-engine of claim 1, wherein one end of the housing is a hemisphere, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is disposed at the other end opposite thereto.

3. The nanomotor of claim 1, wherein the cathode is a graphite electrode; the anode is a graphite electrode.

4. The nanomotor of claim 1, wherein the wire is a copper wire.

5. The nano-engine of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet end of the exhaust pipe is covered with a semi-permeable membrane that allows gas to pass through.

6. The nano-engine of claim 1, wherein the number of the exhaust pipes is plural.

7. A method of providing power to a nanomotor comprising the steps of:

a) adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 through an opening to close the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force;

b) and carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that in step a) the sodium carbonate is coated with a water-soluble film before being introduced into the first chamber.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the step a) is 0.05-0.5 mol/L.

10. A nano robot, characterized in that the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a nano engine, a method for providing power by using the nano engine and a nano robot.

Background

Robots on the nanometer scale have become one of the most popular studies at present. The nanometer robot can replace a human to complete a plurality of complex high-precision works, and in the motion process of the nanometer robot, the nanometer engine is the most critical part of the nanometer robot, so that enough kinetic energy of the nanometer robot in the motion process is guaranteed.

Early research on nano-engines at home and abroad mainly focuses on laser-driven nano-engines, wherein laser driving means that laser is used for heating the nano-engines, and the principle of storing and releasing energy in the process of gathering and decomposing metal ions wrapped in polymers is used for providing kinetic energy for a nano-robot, but the release of the energy cannot be reasonably controlled, and the motion rate of the nano-robot cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, researchers thought to utilize chemical reaction to generate gas to drive the movement of the nano robot, i.e., develop a chemical energy driven nano engine.

At present, the problem of insufficient power generally exists in the chemical energy driven nano engine, and sufficient power cannot be provided for a long time to maintain the operation of the nano robot, so how to improve the power durability of the nano engine is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a nano-engine, a method for providing power thereof, and a nano-robot, wherein the nano-engine provided by the present invention has a great advantage in power durability.

The present invention provides a nano-engine, comprising:

the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;

the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;

the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell.

Preferably, one end of the shell is hemispherical, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is arranged at the other end opposite to the air outlet end.

Preferably, the cathode is a graphite electrode; the anode is a graphite electrode.

Preferably, the wire is a copper wire.

Preferably, the gas outlet end of the exhaust pipe is covered with a semi-permeable membrane for allowing gas to pass through.

Preferably, the number of the exhaust pipes is plural.

The invention provides a method for providing power for a nano engine, which comprises the following steps:

a) adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine in the technical scheme through an opening to seal the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force;

b) and carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.

Preferably, in step a), the sodium carbonate is coated with a water-soluble film before being introduced into the first chamber.

Preferably, in the step a), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.05-0.5 mol/L.

The invention provides a nano robot, and an engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a nano engine, a method for providing power and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber; is fixed on the partitionThe cathode and the anode are arranged on the separating plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity; the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell. The method for providing power for the nano engine comprises the following steps: a) adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine through an opening to close the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force; b) and carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force. The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation, and the nano engine firstly utilizes sodium carbonate (Na) when providing power₂CO₃) Carbon dioxide (CO) produced by reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl)₂) Providing power of a first stage for the nano engine; then, the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution generated by the reaction of the electrolytic sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is utilized to prepare hydrogen (H)₂) And chlorine (Cl)₂) And providing power of a second stage for the nano engine. The nano engine provided by the invention can obtain power by two-step reaction, so that the nano engine has more advantages in power durability, and the running length of the nano engine can be greatly improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanoengine provided in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of nano-engine motion speed versus time provided in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of nano-engine speed versus time provided in example 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention provides a nano-engine, comprising:

the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by a partition plate; an opening is formed in the wall of the first chamber;

the cathode and the anode are fixed on the separation plate, one end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the first cavity, the other end of each of the cathode and the anode is positioned in the second cavity, and the cathode and the anode are connected through a lead at one end of the second cavity;

the exhaust pipe penetrates through the second cavity, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe is located in the first cavity, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe is located outside the shell.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nano-engine provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 1, 1 is a housing, 2 is a separator, 3 is an opening, 4 is a cathode, 5 is an anode, 6 is a lead, and 7 is an exhaust pipe.

The nano engine provided by the invention comprises a shell 1, a separator 2, an opening 3, a cathode 4, an anode 5,A wire 6 and an exhaust pipe 7. Wherein, the thickness of the shell 1 is preferably 50-300 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm or 300 nm; the material of the case 1 is preferably TiO₂. In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the housing 1 has a hemispherical shape, and a portion connected to the hemispherical shape has a cylindrical shape. In one embodiment of the present invention, the axial length of the cylindrical portion of the housing 1 is preferably 500-1000 nm, and specifically may be 500nm, 520nm, 550nm, 570nm, 600nm, 620nm, 650nm, 670nm, 700nm, 720nm, 750nm, 770nm, 800nm, 820nm, 850nm, 870nm, 900nm, 920nm, 950nm, 970nm or 1000 nm; the radial length of the cylindrical part of the shell 1 is preferably 200-800 nm, and specifically can be 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 750nm or 800 nm.

In the present invention, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two separate chambers, which are respectively named as a first chamber and a second chamber. In the embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 is a hemisphere and a portion connected to the hemisphere is a cylinder, the partition plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1 into two independent chambers in a radial direction of the cylinder. In the present invention, the material of the separator 2 is preferably TiO₂(ii) a The volume ratio of the first chamber to the second chamber is preferably (2-5): 1, specifically 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1 or 5: 1.

In the present invention, an opening 3 is provided in the wall of the first chamber as a passage for the addition of material to the first chamber. In an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the opening 3 is square, and the side length of the square opening 3 is preferably 20 to 80nm, and specifically may be 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, or 80 nm.

In the invention, a cathode 4 and an anode 5 are fixed on a separator 2, one end of the cathode 4 and one end of the anode 5 are positioned in the first cavity, the other end of the cathode 4 and the other end of the anode 5 are positioned in the second cavity, and the ends of the cathode 4 and the anode 5 positioned in the second cavity are connected through a lead 6. In the present invention, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are preferably both graphite electrodes; the wire 6 is preferably a copper wire. In the invention, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 are preferably symmetrically arranged, and the shortest distance between the cathode 4 and the inner wall of the shell 1 is preferably 50-100 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100 nm; the shortest distance between the anode 5 and the inner wall of the shell 1 is preferably 50-100 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100 nm. In the invention, the diameter of the lead 6 is preferably 5-20 nm, and specifically can be 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm or 20 nm; the length of the lead 6 is preferably 200 to 600nm, and specifically may be 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm or 600 nm.

In the invention, the exhaust pipe 7 penetrates through the second chamber, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is positioned in the first chamber, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is positioned outside the shell 1, and is used for discharging the gas generated in the first chamber to the outside of the shell 1 and providing driving force for the nano engine. In the invention, the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 7 is preferably 50-100 nm, specifically 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100 nm; the material of the exhaust pipe 7 is preferably TiO₂. In the present invention, the number of the exhaust pipes 7 is preferably plural, and more preferably two, and one of the two exhaust pipes 7 is located in the vicinity of the cathode 4, and the other is located in the vicinity of the anode 5. In the present invention, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is preferably covered with a semi-permeable membrane for allowing gas to pass therethrough, for isolating external macromolecular substances from entering the first chamber. In an embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 is hemispherical, the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 7 is disposed at the other end opposite thereto.

The invention also provides a method for providing power for the nano engine, which comprises the following steps:

a) adding sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a first chamber of the nano engine in the technical scheme through an opening to seal the opening; sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react in the first chamber, and gas generated by the reaction is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a first stage driving force;

b) and carrying out current transmission on the cathode and the anode in a wireless charging mode, electrolyzing a product obtained after reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid in the first chamber by the cathode and the anode, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe to provide a second stage of driving force.

In the method provided by the invention, sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are first added into the first chamber of the nanomotor through opening 3, after which opening 3 is closed. Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid added into the first chamber are mixed and reacted to generate CO₂The gas is released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe 3, and provides the driving force of the first stage, and the chemical reaction equation involved is as follows:

Na₂CO₃+2HCl＝2NaCl+H₂O+CO₂↑。

in the method provided by the invention, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is preferably 0.05-0.5 mol/L, more preferably 0.1mol/L, and specifically can be 0.05mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 0.15mol/L, 0.2mol/L, 0.25mol/L, 0.3mol/L, 0.35mol/L, 0.4mol/L, 0.45mol/L or 0.5 mol/L; the molar ratio of the hydrogen ions in the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is preferably 1: (1-3), more preferably 1: 2; the reaction temperature is preferably 15-35 deg.C, specifically 15 deg.C, 16 deg.C, 17 deg.C, 18 deg.C, 19 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 21 deg.C, 22 deg.C, 23 deg.C, 24 deg.C, 25 deg.C (room temperature), 26 deg.C, 27 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 29 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 31 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 33 deg. In the present invention, the sodium carbonate is preferably wrapped with a water-soluble film before it is added to the first chamber, in order to delay the time for the sodium carbonate to react with the hydrochloric acid, thus allowing sufficient time for closing the opening 3.

In the method provided by the invention, after the first stage of driving force is provided (namely, after the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid are reacted), the cathode 4 and the anode 5 of the nano engine are subjected to current transmission in a wireless charging mode, the cathode 4 and the anode 5 electrolyze a NaCl solution generated by the reaction of the sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid in the first chamber after obtaining current, hydrogen is generated on the cathode 4 in the process of electrolyzing the NaCl solution, chlorine is generated on the anode 5, and the hydrogen and the chlorine generated by electrolysis are released to the outside of the nano engine through the exhaust pipe 3, so that the driving force of the second stage is provided, and the related chemical reaction is as follows:

cathode: 2H⁺+2e^-H2 ≈ H; anode: 2Cl^--2e^-＝Cl₂↑；

The overall reaction equation: 2NaCl +2H₂O＝2NaOH+H₂↑+Cl₂↑。

In the method provided by the present invention, the wireless charging mode is preferably electromagnetic induction wireless charging.

In the method provided by the invention, the electrolysis speed can be indirectly controlled by controlling the electrolysis voltage, so that the power of the nano engine can be adjusted. In the present invention, it is preferable to supply a constant current having a voltage of 0.5 to 1.3V to the cathode 4 and the anode 5, so that more gas can be generated and sufficient kinetic energy can be obtained.

In the method provided by the invention, the power of the nano engine can be adjusted by indirectly controlling the electrolysis rate by controlling the electrolysis temperature. In the invention, as the reaction of the electrolytic cell progresses, the concentration of the NaCl solution is reduced, the reaction rate is reduced, and the rate of generating bubbles is reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure that the nano engine can provide enough power, the invention preferably uses external microwave to irradiate the nano engine, and the reactant molecules absorb the radiation energy of the microwave, so that the movement speed is accelerated, and the bubble generation speed of the reaction can be improved. In the invention, the microwave irradiation has the advantages of high heating speed, uniform heating without temperature gradient and capability of well improving the electrolytic reaction rate.

The invention provides a nano engine with a brand new structure aiming at the defects that the existing chemical energy driven nano engine has insufficient power and can not provide enough power for a long time to maintain operation, and the nano engine firstly utilizes sodium carbonate (Na) when providing power₂CO₃) Carbon dioxide (CO) produced by reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl)₂) Providing power of a first stage for the nano engine; then, the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution generated by the reaction of the electrolytic sodium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid is utilized to prepare hydrogen (H)₂) And chlorine (Cl)₂) And providing power of a second stage for the nano engine. The nano engine and the method for providing power have the following advantages:

1) the invention adopts the two-step reaction principle to obtain the power of the nano engine, thereby having more advantages on the power durability and greatly improving the running time of the nano engine.

2) The invention adopts the wireless charging technology to provide current for the nano engine, and when the nano engine in the first stage finishes moving, the second stage of the nano engine can be started to operate only by introducing the current. The power of the nano engine can be regulated and controlled by changing the current and the solution temperature, and the external control is simple and convenient.

3) Within the range of ensuring the proper input current and voltage, the nano engine provided by the invention has longer service life and generally has no fault, and the nano engine can be recycled, so that the maintenance cost and the use cost are lower.

The invention also provides a nano robot, and the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme. The nano-engine is assembled on the nano-robot provided by the invention, so that sufficient power can be provided for the operation of the nano-robot, and the nano-robot can be ensured to smoothly complete tasks.

For the sake of clarity, the following examples are given in detail.