阅读说明：本技术 一种内孔自动珩磨机及方法 (Automatic inner hole honing machine and method ) 是由 孙连贵 刘有成 于 2020-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种内孔自动珩磨机及方法,珩磨棒上均加工两条阿基米德螺旋线,分粗珩磨和精珩磨二挡。珩磨棒在珩磨过程中,珩磨棒始终不离开轴瓦的孔。通过气缸的上下往复运动带动减速电机上下运动,从而带动万向节和珩磨棒上下运动,同时通过减速电机的旋转,最终达到珩磨棒在被珩磨件的内孔中运动。珩磨出的油静压轴瓦孔精度能达到的指标如下：圆度≤0.5u,圆柱度≤1u,表面粗糙度Ra≤0.1,完全达到了高速油静压轴瓦孔的精度要求。使油静压主轴旋转精度≤1u,旋转转速能达到24000转/分,承载刚度比同体积的滚动轴承主轴高300％以上。(The invention relates to an automatic inner hole honing machine and a method thereof.A honing rod is respectively provided with two Archimedes spiral lines which are divided into a rough honing step and a fine honing step. In the honing process of the honing stick, the honing stick does not leave the hole of the bearing bush all the time. The gear motor is driven to move up and down through the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the cylinder, so that the universal joint and the honing rod are driven to move up and down, and meanwhile, the honing rod finally moves in the inner hole of the part to be honed through the rotation of the gear motor. The indexes that the precision of the honing oil static pressure bearing bush hole can reach are as follows: the roundness is less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 1u, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1, and the precision requirement of the high-speed oil static pressure bearing bush hole is completely met. The rotation precision of the oil static pressure main shaft is less than or equal to 1u, the rotation speed can reach 24000 r/m, and the bearing rigidity is higher than that of the rolling bearing main shaft with the same volume by more than 300%.)

1. An inner hole automatic honing machine is characterized by comprising a rack 1, a cylinder 2, a movable plate 3, a motor pull rod 4, a linear bearing 5, a fixed plate 6, a speed reducing motor 7, a motor fixed plate 8, a universal joint 9, a honing rod 10, an inlet guide seat 11, a bearing bush 12, a bush seat 13, an upper pressure plate 14, a bush seat pull rod 15, a lower pressure plate 16, a bush seat adjusting rod 17, a protective box 18, a chassis 19, a fixed plate adjusting rod 20 and a bottom plate 21; the lower end of a rack 1 is connected with a bottom plate 21, the bottom plate 21 is connected with a chassis 19, the upper end of the rack 1 is connected with a fixed plate adjusting rod 20, the fixed plate adjusting rod 20 is connected with a fixed plate 6, a body of a cylinder 2 is connected with the fixed plate 6, the output shaft end of the cylinder 2 is connected with a movable plate 3, the movable plate 3 is connected with a motor pull rod 4, the pull rod 4 is connected with a motor fixed plate 8, the fixed plate 8 is connected with a speed reducing motor 7, a linear bearing 5 is connected with the fixed plate 6, the output shaft of the speed reducing motor 7 is connected with a universal joint 9, the universal joint 9 is connected with a honing rod 10, the bottom plate 21 is connected with a shoe seat adjusting rod 17, the shoe seat adjusting rod 17 is connected with a lower pressing plate 16, a shoe seat 13 is placed on the lower pressing plate 16, the shoe seat 13 is fixed through a shoe seat pull rod 15 and an upper; the honing stick 10 is driven to do up-and-down reciprocating motion in the hole of the bearing bush 12 by the up-and-down motion of the output shaft end of the cylinder 2; the honing stick 10 is driven by the rotation of the output shaft of the gear motor 7 to make continuous rotary motion in the hole of the bearing bush 12.

2. The method of using the automatic inner bore honing machine of claim 1, wherein the honing rods are each provided with two archimedes' spirals, and the honing rods are divided into a rough honing and a fine honing; the thread pitch of the Archimedes spiral line on the honing rod during rough honing is 40-50 mm, the grinding paste is used for 1500-2000 meshes, the thread pitch of the Archimedes spiral line on the honing rod during fine honing is 15-20 mm, the grinding paste is used for 3000 meshes and above, the roundness of the ground hole is less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 1u, and the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1; the rotating speed of the reducing motor changes between 100 and 150 revolutions per minute during rough honing, and the rotating speed of the reducing motor changes between 250 and 300 revolutions per minute during fine honing;

in the honing process of the honing stick 10, the honing stick does not leave the hole of the bearing shell 12 all the time;

before honing, the roundness of the rough honing rod is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is ensured to be less than or equal to 1u, the roughness Ra is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.4, and the hole clearance between the rough honing rod and a bearing bush 12 of a part to be honed is 10-15 u; the roundness of the fine honing rod is less than or equal to 0.3u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 0.5u, the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.2, and the hole clearance between the fine honing rod and the bearing bush 12 of the part to be honed is 7-10 u; simultaneously, the precision of the bearing bush hole of the part to be honed after being ground by the grinding machine is ensured as follows: the roundness is less than or equal to 3u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 3u, and the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.4.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic honing and relates to an automatic inner hole honing machine and a method.

Background

Honing and grinding are originally originated in the early 20 th century, and are mainly applied to the machining of inner bores of cylinders of automobiles and internal combustion engines, and the honing and grinding machining effect is good, so that the honing and grinding machining is used up to now. However, with the development of technology, the conventional honing technology is unable to meet the precision requirement of the bearing bush for some more important parts, such as the bearing bush in the hydrostatic spindle system.

The oil hydrostatic bearing is well known for its advantages of high precision, high rigidity, long service life, good vibration absorption and resistance, and can be used continuously for many years without maintenance. In the process of automatically honing the inner hole, the honing rod is provided with an Archimedes spiral line, and the motion speed of the honing rod is regularly changed no matter the honing rod moves linearly in a reciprocating way or rotates. However, in the current market, a large number of oil hydrostatic bearings are used for high-precision equipment, and the main reason is that the precision requirement is difficult to meet by processing the holes of the bearing bush. Sometimes 10 bearing bush parts or even 1 qualified product cannot be selected by using the traditional honing technology, and the precision of the inner hole of the bearing bush is a main problem.

The inner hole automatic honing technology comprises the inner hole automatic honing structure and honing precision of a honed piece. The honing machine is not complex in principle, the rotary system is responsible for driving the honing rod to rotate, reciprocate and move towards the surface of the original hole of the workpiece, a processing method of cutting by surface contact is carried out in a large amount of cutting fluid, the rotating speed of a main shaft is generally 100 plus one rotation/minute, and finally cross reticulate grains are formed on the inner wall of the part to be honed.

At present, honing machines are widely applied in the market, such as honing processing of engine cylinder holes, inner hole honing of long pipes and the like. The roundness of the hole after fine honing can reach 2.5um, the cylindricity can reach 3um, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.2 and the like, but the precision requirement of the bearing bush hole can not be met far away for an oil static pressure main shaft system with high rotating speed and large bearing capacity.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an automatic inner hole honing machine and a method.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an inner hole automatic honing machine comprises a frame 1, a cylinder 2, a moving plate 3, a motor pull rod 4, a linear bearing 5, a fixing plate 6, a speed reducing motor 7, a motor fixing plate 8, a universal joint 9, a honing rod 10, an inlet guide seat 11, a bearing bush 12, a bush seat 13, an upper pressure plate 14, a bush seat pull rod 15, a lower pressure plate 16, a bush seat adjusting rod 17, a protective box 18, a chassis 19, a fixing plate adjusting rod 20 and a bottom plate 21. The lower extreme and the bottom plate 21 of frame 1 are connected, bottom plate 21 is connected with chassis 19, the upper end and the fixed plate adjusting lever 20 of frame 1 are connected, fixed plate adjusting lever 20 is connected with fixed plate 6, cylinder 2 body is connected with fixed plate 6, 2 output shaft ends of cylinder are connected with movable plate 3, movable plate 3 is connected with motor pull rod 4, pull rod 4 is connected with motor fixed plate 8, fixed plate 8 is connected with gear motor 7, linear bearing 5 is connected with fixed plate 6, the output shaft of gear motor 7 is connected with universal joint 9, universal joint 9 is connected with honing stick 10, bottom plate 21 is connected with tile seat adjusting lever 17, tile seat adjusting lever 17 is connected with holding down plate 16, put tile seat 13 on holding down plate 16, fix tile seat 13 through tile seat pull rod 15 and holding down plate 14, axle bush 12 inlays in the hole of tile seat 13, entry guide seat 11 is connected with axle bush 12.

The honing stick 10 is driven to reciprocate up and down in the hole of the bearing bush 12 by the up-and-down movement of the output shaft end of the cylinder 2.

The honing stick 10 is driven by the rotation of the output shaft of the gear motor 7 to make continuous rotary motion in the hole of the bearing bush 12.

By adopting the method of the automatic inner hole honing machine, two Archimedes spiral lines are respectively processed on the honing rod, and the honing rod is divided into two stages of rough honing and fine honing. The thread pitch of the Archimedes spiral line on the honing rod during rough honing is 40-50 mm, the grinding paste is used for 1500-2000 meshes, the thread pitch of the Archimedes spiral line on the honing rod during fine honing is 15-20 mm, the grinding paste is used for 3000 meshes or more, the roundness of the ground hole is less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 1u, and the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1. The rotation speed of the speed reducing motor changes between 100 and 150 rpm during rough honing, and the rotation speed of the speed reducing motor changes between 250 and 300 rpm during fine honing.

The honing stick 10 is not separated from the bore of the bearing shell 12 during the honing process, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.

Before honing, the roundness of the rough honing rod is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is ensured to be less than or equal to 1u, the roughness Ra is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.4, and the hole clearance between the rough honing rod and a bearing bush 12 of a part to be honed is 10-15 u; the roundness of the fine honing rod is less than or equal to 0.3u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 0.5u, the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.2, and the hole clearance between the fine honing rod and the bearing bush 12 of the part to be honed is 7-10 u; simultaneously, the precision of the bearing bush hole of the part to be honed after being ground by the grinding machine is ensured as follows: the roundness is less than or equal to 3u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 3u, and the roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.4.

The gear motor is driven to move up and down by the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the cylinder, so that the universal joint and the honing rod are driven to move up and down, and finally, the honing rod rotates and reciprocates in the inner hole of the part to be honed by the rotation of the gear motor, and the motion track is the same as that of the traditional honing machine.

The indexes that the precision of the honing oil static pressure bearing bush hole can reach are as follows: the roundness is less than or equal to 0.5u, the cylindricity is less than or equal to 1u, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1, and the precision requirement of the high-speed oil static pressure bearing bush hole is completely met. The rotation precision of the oil static pressure main shaft is less than or equal to 1u, the rotation speed can reach 24000 r/m, and the bearing rigidity is higher than that of the rolling bearing main shaft with the same volume by more than 300%.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an inner hole automatic honing machine.

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the honing stick.

Figure 3 is the honing stick downward limit distance.

Figure 4 is the honing stick upper limit distance.

Detailed Description

In the embodiment of the invention, the bearing bush adopts HPB 59-1: rockwell hardness HRC is approximately equal to 10-13; and the grinding rod material: GR15, quenching Rockwell hardness HRC is about equal to 60. The maximum speed of the inner hole is 220mm, and the roundness is 4-5 um.

A speed reduction motor 7: the speed reducing motor 7 is connected with the motor fixing plate 8, the motor fixing plate 8 is connected with the motor pull rod 4, the motor pull rod 4 is connected with the moving plate 3, the moving plate 3 is connected with an output shaft of the cylinder 2, the body of the cylinder 2 is connected with the fixing plate 6, the fixing plate 6 is connected with the fixing plate adjusting rod 20, and the fixing plate adjusting rod 20 is connected with the rack 1. The output shaft of the speed reducing motor 7 is connected with a universal joint 9, and the universal joint 9 is connected with a honing rod 10. The gear motor 7 is driven to move up and down by the up-and-down movement of the output shaft of the cylinder 2, the honing rod is driven to move up and down because the gear motor 7 is connected with the honing rod 10 through the universal joint 9, and simultaneously, the honing rod is driven to rotate by the rotation of the output shaft of the gear motor, so that the honing rod does up-and-down and rotation compound movement in the hole of the bearing bush 12. The speed reducing motor 7 and the air cylinder 2 are controlled by the PLC, the rotating speed of the speed reducing motor and the speed of the output shaft of the air cylinder can be controlled at will, and a better honing effect is achieved by controlling the rotating speed of the speed reducing motor and the speed change of the output shaft of the air cylinder, as shown in the attached figure 1.

Honing stick 10: the honing rod 10 is the core of the inner hole precision of the honing bearing bush 12, the honing rod is connected with the universal joint 9, 3 universal joints are connected in series, and the honing rod freely and vertically faces downwards under the action of gravity in a static state. During the honing process, the honing stick 10 is not separated from the bore of the bearing shell 12 at all times, as shown in figures 3 and 4. The honing rod is provided with a processed Archimedes spiral line, and the screw pitches of the Archimedes spiral line are different according to the difference between rough honing and fine honing, which is shown in figure 2.

Bearing bush 12: the bearing bush 12 is connected with the bearing bush seat 13, the bottom plate 21 is connected with the bearing bush seat adjusting rod 17, the bearing bush seat adjusting rod 17 is connected with the lower pressing plate 16, the bearing bush seat 13 is placed on the lower pressing plate 16, and the inlet guide seat 11 is connected with the bearing bush 12. The honing rod is finally inserted into the hole of the bearing shell 12 by the guiding action of the hole of the inlet guide base 11, and then the shoe base 13 is fixed by the shoe base pull rod 15 and the upper press plate 14.