阅读说明：本技术 改质木材、改质木材的制造方法以及乐器 (Modified wood, method for producing modified wood, and musical instrument ) 是由 平工达也 于 2020-04-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供浸渍有不纯化就能够容易地制造的改质成分且内部损失低的改质木材以及使用了该改质木材的乐器。采用一种具有木材和浸渍于所述木材的苏木提取成分的改质木材。改质木材优选的是,所述苏木提取成分的质量为所述木材的质量的0.5～10％。(Provided are a modified wood impregnated with a modified component which can be easily produced without purification and which has low internal loss, and a musical instrument using the modified wood. A modified wood having a wood and a sappan wood extract impregnated in the wood is used. Preferably, the modified wood has a mass of the lignum sappan extract component of 0.5 to 10% of the mass of the wood.)

1. A modified wood characterized in that,

has wood and lignum sappan extract component soaked in the wood.

2. The modified wood according to claim 1,

the mass of the lignum sappan extract component is 0.5-10% of the mass of the wood in an absolute dry state.

3. The modified wood according to claim 1 or 2,

the internal loss of the wood in the fiber direction is 4 x 10^-3The above.

4. The modified wood according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the wood is any one of maple, spruce, redwood, beech, birch and walnut.

5. A method for manufacturing modified wood, characterized in that,

comprises a step of impregnating the wood with the extracted components of the sappan wood.

6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5,

The impregnation step comprises a step of impregnating the wood with a sappan wood solution containing 0.1 to 5.0 mass% of the sappan wood extract component.

7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5 or 6,

an extraction step of extracting the extracted components of the sappan wood from the sappan wood with water prior to the immersion step,

the extraction step comprises extracting the extracted components of the sappan wood until the mass of the solid components extracted from the sappan wood is 8-12% of the mass of the sappan wood.

8. An instrument comprising the modified wood according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a modified wood, a method for producing the modified wood, and a musical instrument.

Background

Wood is used in stringed, percussion, wind instruments and other musical instruments. As the wood used for musical instruments, it is preferable to use wood with low internal loss (tan) in order to obtain good sound quality. However, as a material for musical instruments, wood having a suitable low internal loss is rare. Therefore, it is required to modify wood to reduce internal loss.

Conventionally, as a method for reducing internal loss of wood, there is a method for modifying wood with resorcinol and formaldehyde. However, this method has a drawback that the modified wood has a formaldehyde odor because formaldehyde is used.

As a method for reducing the internal loss of wood without using formaldehyde, there is a method for modifying wood using hematoxylin. For example, patent document 1 describes a method for modifying wood as follows: after a solution containing hematoxylin and/or a derivative thereof is impregnated or applied to wood, the wood is dried to a target moisture content.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, in the method for modifying wood using a solution containing hematoxylin and/or a derivative thereof, there is a disadvantage that hematoxylin and/or a derivative thereof is expensive. Hematoxylin and/or its derivatives are produced by a method of extracting and purifying from leguminous plants. Purification for obtaining hematoxylin and/or its derivatives is a laborious operation, and causes a high price of hematoxylin and/or its derivatives.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a modified wood impregnated with a modified component that can be easily produced without purification and having a low internal loss, and a musical instrument using the modified wood.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for modifying wood, which uses a modifying component that can be easily produced without being purified, and reduces internal loss of wood.

Means for solving the problems

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have made extensive studies with a view to a modified component that can be easily produced without being purified, as a modified component impregnated into wood in order to reduce internal loss of wood.

As a result, the present inventors found that the modified component may be a component extracted from sappan wood, and conceived the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following matters.

[1] A modified wood has wood and lignum sappan extract impregnated in the wood.

[2] The modified wood according to [1], wherein the mass of the lignum sappan extract component is 0.5 to 10% of the mass of the wood in an absolutely dry state.

[3]According to [1]Or [2]]The modified wood according to any one of the above paragraphs, wherein the internal loss in the fiber direction of the wood is 4X 10^-3The above.

[4] The modified wood according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the wood is any one of maple, spruce, redwood, beech (beech), birch, and walnut.

[5] A method for producing modified wood comprises a soaking step of soaking lignum sappan extract in wood.

[6] The method for producing modified wood according to [5], wherein the immersing step is a step of immersing the wood in a sappan wood solution containing 0.1 to 5.0 mass% of the sappan wood-extracted component.

[7] The method for producing modified wood according to [5] or [6], which comprises an extraction step of extracting the extracted components of the sappan wood from the sappan wood with water prior to the impregnation step,

in the extraction step, the extraction is performed until the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood is 8 to 12% of the mass of the sappan wood.

[8] A musical instrument comprising the modified wood according to any one of [1] to [4 ].

Effects of the invention

The modified wood of the present invention has a wood and a sappan wood extract component impregnated in the wood.

The extracted component of the sappan wood can be obtained by extracting only sappan wood with water, and can be easily produced without purification.

The extracted components of sappan wood are modified components that reduce the internal loss of wood by being impregnated in wood. Thus, the modified wood of the present invention has low internal loss.

The method for producing modified wood of the present invention includes an impregnation step of impregnating a wood with a sappan wood extract component.

According to the method for producing modified wood of the present invention, the modified component that can be easily produced without purification can be used to reduce the internal loss of wood.

The musical instrument of the present invention uses the modified wood of the present invention. The modified wood of the present invention has low internal loss, and thus the musical instrument of the present invention has good sound quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an acoustic guitar as an example of the musical instrument of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1 acoustic guitar (instrument), 2 body, 3 fingerboard.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail.

[ modified Wood ]

The modified wood of the present embodiment has a wood and a sappan wood extract component impregnated in the wood.

In the present embodiment, the wood is impregnated with the extracted components of sappan wood in a state where the extracted components of sappan wood are impregnated at least to a depth of 0.5mm or more, preferably 2mm or more from the surface of the wood.

The wood used as the material for modifying the wood is preferably one having an internal loss in the radial direction (R direction) of 12 × 10^-3Above, more preferably 15X 10^-3The above. Internal loss in the radial direction was 12X 10^-3The wood is preferably used as a material for modified wood because the wood has a significant effect of reducing internal loss due to the impregnation with the extracted components of the sappan wood.

Further, the internal loss in the radial direction of the wood used as the material for modifying the wood is preferably 25 × 10 ^-3Hereinafter, more preferably 23X 10^-3The following. Internal loss in the radial direction was 25X 10^-3The wood material below is easily suitable as a material for musical instruments by impregnating the extracted components of lignum sappan, and has an internal loss of 22 × 10 in the radial direction^-3The following modified wood is preferable.

The wood used as the material for modifying the wood is preferably one having an internal loss in the fiber direction (L direction) of 4 × 10^-3Above, more preferably 5X 10^-3The above. Internal loss in fiber direction was 4X 10^-3The wood is preferable as a material for modified wood because the effect of reducing internal loss by impregnating the extracted components of the sappan wood is remarkable.

Further, the wood used as the material for the modified wood is preferably one having an internal loss in the fiber direction of 12 × 10^-3Hereinafter, more preferably 10X 10^-3The following. Internal loss in fiber direction of 12X 10^-3The wood is easily converted into material suitable for musical instruments by impregnating the extracted components of lignum sappan, and has an internal loss of 9 × 10 in fiber direction^-3The following modified wood is preferable.

In the present embodiment, the "internal loss (tan)" refers to a value obtained by the method described below.

The specific dynamic Young's modulus was determined by the Euler-Bernoulli formula using a two-end free flexural vibration method (sagitta et al: journal of the Timber society, 32, 984-. Further, a logarithmic damping factor is obtained from the free damping curve, and is converted into tan by dividing the logarithmic damping factor by pi, and the value is defined as a value of an internal loss which is a vibration damping factor.

Unless otherwise specified, "internal loss (tan)" of wood or modified wood in the present embodiment means a measured value of wood or modified wood that is stable in quality after being heated in an oven at a temperature of 105 ℃ to a stable absolute dry state of quality and then left to stand in an environment at a temperature of 22 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60%.

The kind of wood used as the material for modifying wood is not particularly limited, but is preferably any one selected from maple, spruce, redwood, beech, birch, walnut. Since these woods are easily available, modified woods obtained by impregnating these woods with the extracted components of the sappan wood can be stably supplied. Further, since the internal loss is low, it is suitable as a material for high-performance musical instruments.

The kind of wood used as the material for modifying wood is preferably any one selected from maple, spruce, beech, birch, walnut, among them. These woods have a significant effect of reducing internal loss by impregnating the extracted components of the sappan wood. Therefore, it is preferable to impregnate the extracted components of sappan wood to obtain a high-performance modified wood having an internal loss suitable as a material for musical instruments.

The mass of the extracted component of the sappan wood contained in the modified wood of the present embodiment is preferably 0.5 to 10%, more preferably 1 to 7%, of the mass of the wood (the wood before the impregnation of the extracted component of the sappan wood) in an absolutely dry state. When the ratio of the mass of the extracted component of sappan wood to the mass of wood in an absolutely dry state in the modified wood is 0.5% or more, the modified wood has a significant effect of reducing the internal loss due to the impregnation with the extracted component of sappan wood. However, even if the ratio of the mass of the extracted components of sappan wood in the modified wood to the mass of the wood in an absolutely dry state exceeds 10%, the effect of reducing the internal loss by the impregnation with the extracted components of sappan wood is saturated. Therefore, the mass of the extracted component of the sappan wood in the modified wood is preferably 10% or less of the mass of the wood in an absolutely dry state.

The "ratio of the mass of the extracted component of sappan wood to the mass of wood" in the modified wood in the present embodiment is a numerical value calculated by measuring the mass of wood in an absolute dry state (before treatment) and the mass of modified wood in an absolute dry state (after treatment) respectively and using the following expression.

[ { (after treatment-before treatment)/before treatment }. times.100 (%) ]

The modified wood of the present embodiment preferably has a relative density of 0.2 to 1.2g/cm in dry wood^-3More preferably 0.3 to 1.0g/cm^-3. If the modified wood has a dry wood relative density of 0.2g/cm^-3As described above, the musical instrument using the same is provided as a musical instrumentSufficient rigidity. In addition, if the modified wood has a dry wood relative density of 1.2g/cm^-3Hereinafter, the musical instrument using the same vibrates sufficiently during playing, and therefore, the sound volume and sound quality are good.

The modulus of elasticity in the fiber direction (L direction) in the modified wood of the present embodiment is preferably 7 to 20GPa, more preferably 8 to 18 GPa. The modified wood preferably has a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction (R direction) of 0.5 to 2.5GPa, more preferably 0.8 to 2 GPa. When the modulus of elasticity in the fiber direction and the radial direction in the modified wood are within the above ranges, the modified wood is more suitable as a material for musical instruments. When the fiber-direction elastic modulus of the modified wood is 7GPa or more and the radial-direction elastic modulus of the modified wood is 0.5GPa or more, the musical instrument using the modified wood has sufficient rigidity as a musical instrument. Further, when the elastic modulus in the radial direction is 2.5GPa or less, the difference between the elastic modulus in the radial direction and the elastic modulus in the fiber direction can be easily secured, and a modified wood in which a musical instrument having a desired tone color can be easily obtained can be obtained.

[ Process for producing modified Wood ]

A method for producing modified wood of the present embodiment will be described.

The method for producing modified wood according to the present embodiment includes an impregnation step of impregnating the wood with the extracted components of the sappan wood. The method for producing modified wood according to the present embodiment preferably includes an extraction step of extracting the extracted components of the sappan wood from the sappan wood with water, prior to the impregnation step.

(extraction step)

In the extraction step, the extracted components of the sappan wood are extracted from the sappan wood with water.

The extractor used in the extraction step is not particularly limited.

The shape of the sappan wood used in the extraction step is not particularly limited, but for efficient extraction, it is preferable to use a sheet-like or powder-like sappan wood, and it is particularly preferable to use a powder-like sappan wood.

The extraction step is not particularly limited, but for example, the following method is used.

In the extraction step, it is preferable to perform a first step of using sappan wood as an extraction target material and a second step of using sappan wood separated from a sappan wood extract as an extraction target material.

The first step is a step of obtaining a sappan wood extract by placing sappan wood in water and heating the sappan wood at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then removing the sappan wood from the sappan wood extract to obtain a sappan wood solution.

The mass of water used for extraction in the first step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 20 times the mass of the sappan wood in order to efficiently extract the sappan wood extract component.

The extraction temperature in the first step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 95 to 98 ℃ in order to efficiently extract the extracted components of the sappan wood.

The extraction time in the first step is, for example, 1 to 2 hours.

In the first step, the method for removing the sappan wood in the sappan wood extract solution may be appropriately determined according to the shape of the sappan wood used, and is not particularly limited. For example, a method of using the extract solution of sappan wood with a metal mesh, cloth, or the like can be used.

The second step is a step of obtaining a sappan wood solution by putting sappan wood separated from the sappan wood extract into water and heating the mixture at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then removing the sappan wood from the sappan wood extract.

The mass of water used for extraction in the second step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 20 times the mass of the sappan wood separated from the sappan wood extract solution in order to efficiently extract the sappan wood extract components.

The extraction temperature and extraction time in the second step are preferably within the same ranges as in the first step in order to efficiently extract the extracted components of the sappan wood.

In the second step, the same method as in the first step can be used, for example, to remove the sappan wood in the sappan wood extract.

The second step may be performed as many times as necessary.

The number of extractions may be determined by the shape of the sappan wood, the extraction temperature and the extraction time in the first and second steps, and the like.

All the sappan wood solutions obtained by performing the first step and the second step are collected and used in the impregnation step described later.

In the present embodiment, in the extraction step, the extraction is preferably performed until the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood becomes 8 to 12% of the mass of the sappan wood before the extraction, and more preferably until the extraction becomes 9 to 11%. By performing the extraction until the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood becomes 8% or more of the mass of the sappan wood before the extraction, the extractable component contained in the sappan wood can be sufficiently extracted, and the composition of the extracted component of the sappan wood is less varied, so that a sappan wood solution with stable quality can be obtained. In addition, in the case of extracting the extracted components of sappan wood from sappan wood using water, it is difficult to extract them until the mass of the solid components extracted from sappan wood exceeds 12% of the mass of sappan wood before extraction. Therefore, the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood is preferably 12% or less of the mass of the sappan wood before extraction.

The ratio of the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood to the mass of the sappan wood before extraction varies depending on the shape of the sappan wood, the amount of water used for extraction, the extraction temperature, the extraction time, and the number of extractions. Specifically, the ratio of the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood to the mass of the sappan wood before extraction can be increased by decreasing the shape of the sappan wood, increasing the amount of water used for extraction, increasing the extraction temperature, lengthening the extraction time, and increasing the number of times of extraction.

Therefore, the condition that the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood becomes a predetermined amount can be obtained by extracting the extracted component from the sappan wood by varying the shape of the sappan wood, the amount of water used for extraction, the extraction temperature, the extraction time, and the number of times of extraction, and obtaining the ratio of the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood to the mass of the sappan wood before extraction under each condition in advance.

In the present embodiment, the mass of the solid component extracted from the sappan wood is a value obtained by calculating the mass of the solid component contained in all the sappan wood solutions by using the mass of the solid component obtained by collecting all the sappan wood solutions obtained by the extraction step, sampling a part of the collected solid component, and evaporating the collected sample to dryness.

The sappan wood solution obtained by performing the extraction step (the collection of all the sappan wood solutions obtained by performing the first step and the second step) may be concentrated or diluted as necessary in order to adjust the concentration of the sappan wood extracted component in the sappan wood solution.

Examples of a method for concentrating the sappan wood solution include a method in which the sappan wood solution is heated to evaporate water contained in the sappan wood solution. In this case, the sappan wood solution may be heated under reduced pressure in order to reduce the time required for the concentration of the sappan wood solution.

Examples of the method for diluting the sappan wood solution include a method in which water is added to the sappan wood solution.

(impregnation step)

In the impregnation step, the wood is impregnated with the extracted components of the sappan wood. The impregnation step is preferably a step of impregnating the wood with a sappan wood solution.

The impregnation step is preferably a step of impregnating the wood with a sappan wood solution containing 0.1 to 5.0 mass% of a sappan wood extract component, and more preferably a step of impregnating the wood with a sappan wood solution containing 0.5 to 4.0 mass% of a sappan wood extract component. When the amount of the extracted component of the sappan wood contained in the sappan wood solution is 0.1% by mass or more, it is easy to obtain modified wood in which the amount of the extracted component of the sappan wood is 0.5% by mass or more of the amount of the wood, and it is preferable. Further, when the extracted component of the sappan wood contained in the sappan wood solution is 5.0% by mass or less, it is easy to obtain modified wood in which the mass of the extracted component of the sappan wood is 10% or less of the mass of the wood, and therefore, it is preferable.

The quality of the extracted components of sappan wood in the modified wood can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of the extracted components of sappan wood in the sappan wood solution in which the wood is immersed according to the type and thickness of the wood used as the material, and, if necessary, by performing one or more methods selected from the following methods (1) to (5) for promoting the impregnation of the extracted components of sappan wood into the wood, for example, once or more.

(1) Method for conducting ultrasonic waves to wood-impregnating sappan wood solution

(2) Method for perforating wood and then immersing wood in sappan wood solution

(3) Method for decompressing wood in state of immersing wood in sappan wood solution

(4) Method for pressurizing wood in state of immersing wood in sappan wood solution

(5) Method for heating wood-impregnated sapanwood solution

The method (3) for reducing the pressure of the wood in the state of being immersed in the sappan wood solution includes, for example, a method for reducing the pressure of the wood in the state of being immersed in the sappan wood solution in a closed container at a pressure of 20 to 50hPa for 30 minutes to 1 hour. The impregnation of the extracted components of the sappan wood into the wood is promoted by reducing the pressure of the wood immersed in the sappan wood solution to exhaust air from the wood. After the method (3) above, the wood returned to normal pressure may be further immersed in the sappan wood solution.

The method (4) for pressurizing the wood in the state of being immersed in the sappan wood solution includes, for example, a method of pressurizing the wood in the state of being immersed in the sappan wood solution in a closed container at a pressure of 2 to 10MPa for 30 minutes to 2 hours. (4) The method of pressurizing the wood in a state in which the wood is immersed in the sappan wood solution may be performed by performing the method (3) on the wood thereafter.

The method (5) for heating the sappan wood solution to impregnate the wood includes, for example, a method of heating the sappan wood solution to 50 to 90 ℃.

When the wood used as the material is a wood veneer having a thickness of 1mm or less, the extracted components of the sappan wood can be sufficiently impregnated into the wood by simply controlling the concentration of the extracted components of the sappan wood in the sappan wood solution in which the wood is impregnated.

When the wood used as the material is a wood veneer having a thickness of 1mm to several mm, it is preferable to use the method (3) described above in which the wood is decompressed in a state of being immersed in a sappan wood solution.

When the wood used as the material is a high specific gravity material having a plate thickness of more than several mm, it is preferable to use the method (4) described above in a state where the wood is immersed in a sappan wood solution after the method (3) described above is performed.

In the impregnation step, it is preferable to perform a step of drying the wood after the step of impregnating the wood with the sappan wood solution.

The step of drying the wood may be, for example, a natural drying step of leaving the wood in an environment of normal temperature and pressure for about 1 week to several months, an artificial drying step of adjusting the temperature to a desired water content in an environment in which the temperature and humidity are controlled, or an artificial drying step of performing the natural drying step and thereafter.

The modified wood of the present embodiment has a wood and a sappan wood extract component impregnated in the wood. The extracted component of the sappan wood can be obtained by extracting only sappan wood with water, and can be easily produced without purification.

The extracted components of sappan wood are modified components that reduce the internal loss of wood by being impregnated in wood. Therefore, the modified wood of the present embodiment has low internal loss.

The method for producing modified wood according to the present embodiment includes an impregnation step of impregnating the wood with the extracted components of the sappan wood. Therefore, according to the method for producing modified wood of the present embodiment, the internal loss of wood can be reduced by using a modified component that can be easily produced without being purified. In the method for producing modified wood of the present embodiment, it is preferable that internal loss of wood can be reduced without using chemicals such as formaldehyde.

In the method for producing modified wood of the present embodiment, the rate of change in the relative density of the wood used as the material and the dry wood in the modified wood obtained after the impregnation step [ { (after treatment-before treatment)/before treatment } × 100 (%) ] is small. The rate of change in the relative density of the dried wood differs depending on the kind of wood used as the material, the ratio of the mass of the sappan wood extract component, and the like. The rate of change in the relative density of the dry wood is preferably in the range of-5% to 5%, more preferably in the range of-4% to 4%. When the rate of change in the relative density of the dried wood is-5% to 5%, a modified wood having a low internal loss can be obtained without causing any trouble in the relative density of the dried wood by performing the impregnation step on a wood having the relative density of the dried wood suitable as a material for musical instruments.

In the method for producing modified wood of the present embodiment, the wood used as a material and the modified wood obtained after the impregnation step have a small rate of change in elastic modulus [ { (after-treatment-before-treatment)/before-treatment } × 100 (%) ] in the fiber direction (L direction) and the radial direction (R direction). The change rate of the elastic modulus in the fiber direction and the radial direction differs depending on the kind of wood used as a material, the mass ratio of the extracted components of the sappan wood, and the like. The rate of change in the elastic modulus in the fiber direction is preferably-7 to 2%. The rate of change of the elastic modulus in the radial direction is preferably-6 to 20%. When the change rate of the elastic modulus in the fiber direction and the radial direction is within the above range, a modified wood having an elastic modulus suitable for a material of a musical instrument and low internal loss can be obtained by performing the impregnation step on a wood having an elastic modulus suitable for a material of a musical instrument.

[ musical instruments ]

Next, the musical instrument of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example.

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an acoustic guitar as an example of the musical instrument of the present invention. In fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an acoustic guitar, reference numeral 2 denotes a body, and reference numeral 3 denotes a fingerboard.

The acoustic guitar 1 of the present embodiment uses the modified wood of the present embodiment described above as a material of the body 2 and/or the fingerboard 3. The modified wood of the present embodiment, which is used as the material of the body 2 and/or the fingerboard 3, has low internal loss. Therefore, the acoustic guitar 1 of the present embodiment has good sound quality.

"other examples"

The musical instrument of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

In the present embodiment, an acoustic guitar is taken as an example of the musical instrument of the present invention, but the musical instrument of the present invention is not limited to the acoustic guitar as long as the modified wood of the present invention is used. In addition to the acoustic guitar, stringed instruments such as violins, percussion instruments such as drums, keyboard instruments such as pianos, wind instruments, and the like can be cited as musical instruments of the present invention.