阅读说明：本技术 一种钙钛矿吸光材料、其制备方法及包括其的太阳能电池 (Perovskite light absorption material, preparation method thereof and solar cell comprising perovskite light absorption material ) 是由 杨田 唐泽国 于 2019-04-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种式(CH<Sub>3</Sub>)<Sub>2</Sub>N(CH<Sub>2</Sub>)<Sub>n</Sub>NH<Sub>3</Sub>SnX<Sub>3</Sub>的钙钛矿吸光材料及其制备方法,其中X为卤素；n为2-10的整数。本发明还公开了一种钙钛矿太阳能电池,包括衬底、空穴传输层、钙钛矿层、电子传输层和电极,所述钙钛矿层的材料为上述钙钛矿吸光材料。(The invention discloses a formula (CH) 3 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) n NH 3 SnX 3 The perovskite light absorption material and the preparation method thereof, wherein X is halogen; n is an integer of 2 to 10. The invention also discloses a perovskite solar cell which comprises a substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode, wherein the perovskite layer is made of the perovskite light absorption material.)

1. A perovskite light absorbing material, wherein the perovskite light absorbing material has a structure of the formula:

(CH₃)₂N(CH₂)_nNH₃SnX₃，

wherein, X is halogen;

n is an integer of 2 to 10.

2. The perovskite light absorbing material of claim 1, wherein X is Br or I.

3. The perovskite light absorbing material of claim 1, wherein n is equal to 3.

4. The perovskite light absorbing material of claim 1, wherein the perovskite light absorbing material is dimethylaminopropylamine tin bromide.

5. A method of making the perovskite light absorbing material of claim 4, comprising:

reacting hydrogen halide with dimethylaminopropane to obtain a precursor;

and reacting the precursor with corresponding tin halide to obtain the dimethyl aminopropylamine tin halide.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tin halide is tin bromide or tin iodide.

7. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that the perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and electrodes, the material of the perovskite layer being a perovskite light absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. The perovskite solar cell of claim 7, wherein the material of the hole transport layer is Spiro-OMeTAD, NiO, PTAA or P3 HT.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, wherein the material of the electron transport layer is SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, 9-dioctylfluorene-9, 9-bis-N, N-dimethylaminopropylfluorene or [6,6] -phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester.

10. The perovskite solar cell of claim 7, wherein the electrode is a metal electrode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite light absorption material, a preparation method thereof and a solar cell comprising the perovskite light absorption material.

Background

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells were first discovered in 2009 and immediately received great attention. The efficiency of the method is rapidly developed, and the efficiency is developed from 3 percent at first to 23.7 percent at present.

The perovskite light absorption material is the key for improving the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. At present, methylamine lead iodide perovskite materials are mostly used as perovskite light absorption materials, and intensive research is carried out on the materials. However, methylamine lead iodide materials suffer from two fundamental problems. Firstly, methylamine lead iodide is easy to decompose in an air environment, has strong sensitivity to humidity and seriously hinders the use of methylamine lead iodide under atmospheric conditions; in addition, the material contains lead element, which has great negative effect on the large-scale use of the material.

Therefore, development of lead-free perovskite absorption materials with high environmental stability is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a perovskite light absorbing material which does not contain lead and has improved environmental stability and improved conversion efficiency.

In a first aspect the present invention provides a perovskite light absorbing material having the formula:

(CH₃)₂N(CH₂)_nNH₃SnX₃，

wherein:

x is halogen. Preferably, X is selected from bromine or iodine.

n is an integer of 2 to 10. Preferably, n is 3.

Preferably, the perovskite light absorption material provided by the invention is dimethylamino propylamine tin bromide.

The perovskite light absorption material adopts tin (Sn) metal. The tin element and the lead have the same family and have similar electron layer structures, the forbidden band width of the tin-based perovskite absorption layer material is suitable (1.2-1.4 eV), and the tin-based perovskite absorption layer material has small exciton activation energy (18meV) and high carrier mobility. Tin-based perovskites are well suited as replacements for lead-containing perovskite materials.

Organic group (CH) in the perovskite light-absorbing material of the present invention₃)₂N(CH₂)_nCompared with a methylamino group structure, the structure is more stable under a humid environment.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the perovskite light absorbing material provided in the first aspect, comprising:

Reacting hydrogen halide with dimethylaminopropane to obtain a precursor;

and reacting the precursor with corresponding tin halide to obtain the dimethyl aminopropylamine tin halide.

Preferably, the tin halide is tin bromide or tin iodide.

The invention adopts an economic and environment-friendly synthesis method to prepare the dimethylamino propylamine tin halide lead-free perovskite material. The material has an ultra-wide light absorption range. Wherein, the light absorption edge position of the dimethylamino propylamine tin bromide reaches 980nm, and the light energy utilization rate is higher. The solar cell device prepared from the material can be stably stored in an atmospheric environment for a long time through simple packaging treatment, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell device cannot be obviously reduced after the solar cell device is stored for a long time, and the solar cell device has excellent environmental stability.

In addition, the invention also provides a perovskite solar cell, which comprises a substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and electrodes, wherein the perovskite layer is made of the perovskite light absorption material provided by the first aspect.

The hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell provided by the invention refers to a layer for extracting and transporting holes in photogenerated excitons of a perovskite absorption layer, and the material can be any material commonly used for preparing the hole transport layer in the technical field of perovskite solar cells, including but not limited to Spiro-OMeTAD (2, 2 ', 7, 7 ' -tetrakis [ N, N-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) amino ] -9, 9 ' -spirobifluorene), NiO, PTAA (poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2,4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ]), P3HT and the like.

The electron transport layer of the perovskite solar cell provided by the invention refers to a layer for extracting and transporting electrons in photogenerated excitons of a perovskite absorption layer, and the material of the electron transport layer can be any material commonly used for preparing the electron transport layer in the technical field of perovskite solar cells, including but not limited to SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, PFN (9, 9-dioctylfluorene-9, 9-bis N, N-dimethylaminopropylfluorene), [6,6] -phenyl-C-methyl butyrate (PCBM) and the like.

The electrode for the perovskite solar cell of the present invention is any electrode that can be used for perovskite solar cells. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode is a metal electrode such as a silver nanowire (AgNWs) electrode, AZO electrode, FTO electrode, ZTO electrode, ITO electrode, or the like.

The perovskite solar cell adopting the perovskite light absorption material has higher conversion efficiency and better environmental stability.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is an I-V curve of a dimethylaminopropylamine tin bromide solar cell under AM1.5G solar light illumination;

FIG. 2 is an I-V curve of a dimethylaminopropylamine tin iodide solar cell under AM1.5G solar light intensity.

FIG. 3 is an I-V curve of a dimethylaminopropylamine copper iodide solar cell under AM1.5G solar light intensity.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Preparation of perovskite light absorption material:

the perovskite light absorption material of the invention is prepared by the following procedures:

(1) Mixing and adding aqueous hydrogen bromide and dimethylaminopropane into deionized water in a molar ratio of 1: 1-1: 2, fully reacting for 0.5-3 hours in an ice water bath, heating, magnetically stirring and evaporating a solvent to dryness, wherein the heating temperature is 60-80 ℃; and washing the obtained powder to obtain a solid, and drying the solid in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 6-8 hours to obtain a precursor solid.

(2) Mixing the precursor synthesized in the step (1) with tin bromide (or tin iodide) in a molar ratio of 1: 1.05-1: 1.2, dissolving the mixture in gamma-butyrolactone, and continuously stirring the mixture for 12-18 hours at a temperature of 60-80 ℃; heating and stirring, and evaporating the solvent; and finally, adding anhydrous ether into the powder, performing suction filtration, washing and precipitation to finally obtain the dimethylamino propylamine tin bromide, and drying the obtained powder in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for 16-24 hours.